Digital Commons Network^™

Microscopic Allies: Examining And Tackling Legal And Regulatory Barriers To The Development Of Phage Therapy, Jacob Zent

William & Mary Environmental Law and Policy Review

No abstract provided.

Antimicrobial, Antiviral And Cytotoxic Activities Of Selected Marine Organisms Collected From The Coastal Areas Of Malaysia, Yik Sin Chan, Cheong Wei Ong, Bee Ling Chuah, Kong Soo Khoo, Fook Yee Chye, Nam Weng Sit

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

Many marine organisms have developed the capability of producing unique metabolites and thus are highly likely to contain anti-infective agents. This study was conducted to investigate extracts of three seaweeds (Caulerpa racemosa, Caulerpa sertularioides, Kappaphycus alvarezii), two soft corals (Lobophytum microlobulatum, Sarcophyton auritum) and a marine sponge (Spheciospongia vagabunda) collected from Malaysian coast for antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral and cytotoxic activities. The samples were subjected to sequential solvent extraction in order to obtain hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, ethanol, methanol and water extracts. The antibacterial and antifungal activities were studied using a colorimetric broth microdilution method. The hexane extract of L. microlobulatum …

The Assembly Of The Mitoribosomal Large Subunit In Saccharomyces Cerevisiae, Rui Zeng

Open Access Dissertations

Mitoribosomes are specialized for the synthesis of hydrophobic membrane proteins encoded by mitochondrial DNA, all essential for oxidative phosphorylation. Despite their linkage to human mitochondrial diseases and the recent cryo-EM reconstruction of yeast and mammalian mitoribosomes, how ribosomes are assembled remains obscure. Here, we dissected the yeast mitoribosome large subunit (mt-LSU) assembly process by systematic genomic deletion of 44 mt-LSU proteins (MRPs). Analysis of the strain collection unveiled 37 proteins essential for functional mt-LSU assembly, three of which are critical for mt-LSU 21S rRNA stability. Hierarchical cluster analysis of mt-LSU subassemblies accumulated in mutant strains revealed cooperative assembly of protein …

Promising Biomarkers Of Environmental Enteric Dysfunction: A Prospective Cohort Study In Pakistani Children., Najeeha Talat Iqbal, Kamran Sadiq, Sana Syed, Tauseefullah Akhund, Fayyaz Umrani, Sheraz Ahmed, Mohammad Yawar Yakoob, Najeeb Rehman, Shahida Qureshi, Syed Asad Ali

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

Environmental Enteric Dysfunction (EED), a syndrome characterized by chronic gut inflammation, contributes towards stunting and poor response to enteric vaccines in children in developing countries. In this study, we evaluated major putative biomarkers of EED using growth faltering as its clinical proxy. Newborns (n = 380) were enrolled and followed till 18 months with monthly anthropometry. Biomarkersassociated with gut and systemic inflammation were assessed at 6 and 9 months. Linear mixed effects model was used to determine the associations of these biomarkers with growth faltering between birth and 18 months. Fecal myeloperoxidase (neutrophil activation marker) at 6 months [β = …

Patient And Health System Experience With Implementation Of An Enterprise-Wide Telehealth Scheduled Video Visit Program: Mixed-Methods Study., Rhea E. Powell, Md, Mph, Danica Stone, Judd Hollander, Md

Division of Internal Medicine Faculty Papers & Presentations

BACKGROUND: Real-time video visits are increasingly used to provide care in a number of settings because they increase access and convenience of care, yet there are few reports of health system experiences.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to report health system and patient experiences with implementation of a telehealth scheduled video visit program across a health system.

METHODS: This is a mixed methods study including (1) a retrospective descriptive report of implementation of a telehealth scheduled visit program at one large urban academic-affiliated health system and (2) a survey of patients who participated in scheduled telehealth visits. Health …

Recently Integrated Alu Insertions In The Squirrel Monkey (Saimiri) Lineage And Application For Population Analyses, Jasmine N. Baker, Jerilyn A. Walker, Michael W. Denham, Charles D. Loupe, Mark A. Batzer

Faculty Publications

© 2018 The Author(s). Background: The evolution of Alu elements has been ongoing in primate lineages and Alu insertion polymorphisms are widely used in phylogenetic and population genetics studies. Alu subfamilies in the squirrel monkey (Saimiri), a New World Monkey (NWM), were recently reported. Squirrel monkeys are commonly used in biomedical research and often require species identification. The purpose of this study was two-fold: 1) Perform locus-specific PCR analyses on recently integrated Alu insertions in Saimiri to determine their amplification dynamics, and 2) Identify a subset of Alu insertion polymorphisms with species informative allele frequency distributions between the Saimiri sciureus …

Gaps And Strategies In Developing Health Research Capacity: Experience From The Nigeria Implementation Science Alliance, E E. Ezeanolue, W Na Menson, D Patel, G Aarons, A Olutola, M Obiefune, P Dakum, P Okonkwo, B Gobir, T Akinmurele, A Nwandu, H Khamofu, B Oyeledun, M Aina, A Eyo, O Oleribe, I Ibanga, J Oko, C Anyaike, J Idoko, M H. Aliyu, R Sturke

Environmental & Global Health Faculty Research

Background: Despite being disproportionately burdened by preventable diseases than more advanced countries, low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) continue to trail behind other parts of the world in the number, quality and impact of scholarly activities by their health researchers. Our strategy at the Nigerian Implementation Science Alliance (NISA) is to utilise innovative platforms that catalyse collaboration, enhance communication between different stakeholders, and promote the uptake of evidence-based interventions in improving healthcare delivery. This article reports on findings from a structured group exercise conducted at the 2016 NISA Conference to identify (1) gaps in developing research capacity and (2) potential strategies …

Measuring Health Outcomes Of Uncovered Employment: A Study Of Income, Social Mobility, Equality, And Health Indicators In An Under-Looked Segment Of The Labor Force, Zakariya Kmir

Undergraduate Economic Review

Economists have strongly supported the idea that unemployment causes many undesirable health outcomes. However, how does belonging to a different sector of employment tied closely to changes in minimum wage and inflation relate to overall health? To properly understand the numerical significance of health disparities in the uncovered sector of employment, this research is targeted at quantifying the relationship between the insured and non-insured within the uncovered sector. By substantiating the existence of severe health disparities as a function of the labor force dynamic, this research subsequently estimates the amount of inefficiency and negative health outcomes in the US economy …

The Determination Of The Biological And Biochemical Properties Of Four Purified Commercial Lectins From The Leguminosae, Karla M. Gonzalez

Theses and Dissertations

This study focused on the determination of the biological and biochemical properties of four purified commercial lectins from the Leguminosae. The anti-HIV reverse transcriptase activity of the lectins from Arachis hypogaea, Dolichos biflorus, Erythrina crista-galli, and Glycine max have not yet been reported. In addition, their antifungal, and antibacterial activities against Aspergillus niger, Candida albicans, Chaetomium globosum, Rhizopus stolonifer (+), Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterococcus faecalis are not yet known. All of these microorganisms have developed resistance to treatments in the last few years. Consequently, this study characterizes and compares the lectin activities of A. hypogaea, D. …

Rapid Intravenous Rehydration Of Children With Acute Gastroenteritis And Dehydration: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, M. A. Iro, T. Sell, N. Brown, K. Maitland

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends rapid intravenous rehydration, using fluid volumes of 70-100mls/kg over 3–6 h, with some of the initial volume given rapidly as initial fluid boluses to treat hypovolaemic shock for children with acute gastroenteritis (AGE) and severe dehydration. The evidence supporting the safety and efficacy of rapid versus slower rehydration remains uncertain.
Methods: We conducted a systematic review of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) on 11th of May 2017 comparing different rates of intravenous fluid therapy in children with AGE and moderate or severe dehydration, using standard search terms. Two authors independently assessed trial quality and …

Understanding And Describing The Impact Of Self-Concept On Weight Loss As Perceived By African American Women, Tchicaya Missamou

Dissertations

Purpose. The purpose of this mixed-method study was to understand and describe the impact of Bracken’s (1992) six domains of self-concept (affect, academic, competence, family, physical, and social) on weight loss as perceived by African American women.

Methods. This study employed a sequential mixed-methods exploratory design. A web-based survey was administered with 66 respondents, followed by in-person interviews with 10 participants. Data were collected from African American women who participated in a fitness and weight loss challenge and lived in the greater Los Angeles Area.

Findings. The extent to which each domain affected participants’ ability to lose …

Chanticleer | February 8, 2018, Jacksonville State University

Chanticleer

No abstract provided.

Unravelling The Immune Signature Of Plasmodium Falciparum Transmission Reducing Immunity, Wjr Stone, T Bousema, Et Al

School of Biomedical Sciences

Infection with Plasmodium can elicit antibodies that inhibit parasite survival in the mosquito, when they are ingested in an infectious blood meal. Here, we determine the transmission-reducing activity (TRA) of naturally acquired antibodies from 648 malaria-exposed individuals using lab-based mosquito-feeding assays. Transmission inhibition is significantly associated with antibody responses to Pfs48/45, Pfs230, and to 43 novel gametocyte proteins assessed by protein microarray. In field-based mosquito-feeding assays the likelihood and rate of mosquito infection are significantly lower for individuals reactive to Pfs48/45, Pfs230 or to combinations of the novel TRA-associated proteins. We also show that naturally acquired purified antibodies against key …

Newspaper Citation In Scholarly Publications: A Study On Financial Times Newspaper During 2001-2010 As Reflected In Web Of Science, Angom Jeevan Singh, Dr. S. Ravikumar

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

No abstract provided.

Facilitators And Barriers For Hiv-Testing In Zambia: A Systematic Review Of Multi-Level Factors, Shan Qiao Ph.D., Yao Zhang, Xiaoming Li Ph.D., J. Anitha Menon

Faculty Publications

It was estimated that 1.2 million people live with HIV/AIDS in Zambia by 2015. Zambia has developed and implemented diverse programs to reduce the prevalence in the country. HIVtesting is a critical step in HIV treatment and prevention, especially among all the key populations. However, there is no systematic review so far to demonstrate the trend of HIV-testing studies in Zambia since 1990s or synthesis the key factors that associated with HIVtesting practices in the country. Therefore, this study conducted a systematic review to search all English literature published prior to November 2016 in six electronic databases and retrieved 32 …

Thoughts On The U.N. 2017 Population Prospects: Procreation-Related Internationally Wrongful Acts, And Overpopulation As Global Risk, Ciprian N. Radavoi

Pace International Law Review

Two relatively recent factual elements are the basis of this Article: the 2017 revision of the United Nations’ Population Prospects, showing a world population increase of around 50% by 2100, and Turkey’s President Erdogan’s call for the Turks living in Western Europe to “have five children” in order to become the future of the continent. The statement substantiates one of the negative impacts of overpopulation—that on international relations and regional balances of power. This Article argues that (1) Erdogan’s incitement to increased procreation abroad qualifies as an internationally wrongful act of Turkey; (2) excessive procreation within national boundaries could qualify …

Nathan Augustus Cobb: The Father Of Nematology In The United States; And Nathan Cobb's Publications, R. N. Huettel, A. Morgan Golden, Donna Ellington

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Introduction

Nathan Augustus Cobb, referred to as the "Father of Nematology in the United States" (56), was a Renaissance man and a man of humble beginnings. His early life experiences instilled in him the creativity, fortitude, and self reliance that were needed to raise himself alone from age 14, to complete college with little formal pre-college education, receive his Ph.D. in Germany, and go on to found a new discipline of science called "Nematology". His scientific and technical accomplishments were impressive, as indicated by the over 250 first-authored manuscripts he produced during his career. He identified over 1000 species of …

The Justinian

The Justinian

No abstract provided.

Head To Head: The Nfl Concussion Scandal And An Argument For Osha Regulation, Kirstie Brenson

University of Chicago Legal Forum

No abstract provided.

Drug Repurposing For Schistosomiasis: Combinations Of Drugs Or Biomolecules., Maria João Gouveia, Paul J Brindley, Fátima Gärtner, José M Correia Da Costa, Nuno Vale

Microbiology, Immunology, and Tropical Medicine Faculty Publications

Schistosomiasis is a major neglected tropical disease. Control of schistosomiasis currently relies on a single drug, praziquantel, and despite its efficacy against the all schistosome species that parasitize humans, it displays some problematic drawbacks and alone is ineffective in counteracting adverse pathologies associated with infection. Moreover, due to the development of the potential emergence of PZQ-resistant strains, the search for additional or alternative antischistosomal drugs have become a public health priority. The current drug discovery for schistosomiasis has been slow and uninspiring. By contrast, repurposing of existing approved drugs may offer a safe, rapid and cost-effective alternative. Combined treatment with …

2018-February-05-A Better Treatment, University Marketing And Communications, East Tennessee State University

ETSU News

No abstract provided.

Preserving The ‘Jewel Of Their Souls’: How North Carolina’S Common Law Could Save Cyber-Bullying Statutes, Nick Mcguire

Duke Journal of Constitutional Law & Public Policy Sidebar

In State v. Bishop, the North Carolina Supreme Court struck down the state’s cyber-bullying statute on the grounds that it violated the First Amendment right to freedom of speech. Cyber-bullying, bullying that occurs through electronic technology, has become more prevalent in recent years as much of adolescent life shifts to social media and digital communications. Increasing evidence of cyber-bullying’s negative effects on children has prompted numerous state legislatures to take action. Many states have enacted generic policies for school personnel to take reasonable action to combat cyber-bullying during school hours. This note, however, argues for an alternative approach to …

2018-February-05-A Better Treatment, University Marketing And Communications, East Tennessee State University

ETSU News

No abstract provided.

Temperature Drives Epidemics In A Zooplankton-Fungus Disease System: A Trait-Driven Approach Points To Transmission Via Host Foraging, Marta S. Shocket, Alexander T. Strauss, Jessica L. Hite, Maja Šljivar, David J. Civitello, Meghan A. Duffy, Carla E. Cáceres, Spencer R. Hall

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

Climatic warming will likely have idiosyncratic impacts on infectious diseases, causing some to increase while others decrease or shift geographically. A mechanistic framework could better predict these different temperature-disease outcomes. However, such a framework remains challenging to develop, due to the nonlinear and (sometimes) opposing thermal responses of different host and parasite traits and due to the difficulty of validating model predictions with observations and experiments. We address these challenges in a zooplanktonfungus (Daphnia dentifera–Metschnikowia bicuspidata) system. We test the hypothesis that warmer temperatures promote disease spread and produce larger epidemics. In lakes, epidemics that start earlier and warmer in …

Exploring The Influence Of The Peer Educator Role On Physical Activity, Exercise Patterns, Physical Fitness, Daily Functioning, And Health Harming Habits In People Living With Hiv, Stephanie Jen, Jacob Wait, Amanda Pedrazoli, Kenneisha Edmonds

Undergraduate Research Symposium

With the progression of standardized HIV treatment and antiretroviral drugs, the outcomes for people living with HIV (PLHIV) have improved from a death sentence to a manageable chronic disease. Although PLHIV are living longer than before, they experience multi-morbidities more frequently and earlier than persons without HIV. These morbidities, such as type-2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and obesity, are associated with sedentary lifestyles. It is well-established in the research of the general population that regular physical activity is a health promotion behavior that can prevent and/or mitigate the onset and severity of chronic diseases. Also recent meta-analyses have linked exercise to …

Collagenous Matrix Supported By A 3d-Printed Scaffold For Osteogenic Differentiation Of Dental Pulp Cells, Farahnaz Fahimipour, Erfan Dashtimoghadam, Morteza Rasoulianboroujeni, Mostafa Yazdimamaghani, Kimia Khoshroo, Mohammadreza Tahriri, Amir Yadegari, Jose Gonzalez, Daryoosh Vashaee, Douglas C. Lobner, Tahereh S. Jafarzadeh Kashi, Lobat Tayebi

School of Dentistry Faculty Research and Publications

Objective

A systematic characterization of hybrid scaffolds, fabricated based on combinatorial additive manufacturing technique and freeze-drying method, is presented as a new platform for osteoblastic differentiation of dental pulp cells (DPCs).

Methods

The scaffolds were consisted of a collagenous matrix embedded in a 3D-printed beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) as the mineral phase. The developed construct design was intended to achieve mechanical robustness owing to 3D-printed β-TCP scaffold, and biologically active 3D cell culture matrix pertaining to the Collagen extracellular matrix. The β-TCP precursor formulations were investigated for their flow-ability at various temperatures, which optimized for fabrication of 3D printed scaffolds with …

Female Fighting And Host Competition Among Four Sympatric Species Of Melittobia (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), Robert W. Matthews, Leif D. Deyrup

The Great Lakes Entomologist

Melittobia is a genus of parasitic wasps well known for high levels of inbreeding and violent male combat. Casual observations of groups of sisters of M. femorata placed with hosts revealed a surprising incidence of body mutilations (broken or missing tarsi, antennae, and wings). Replicated conspecific groups of 1, 2, or 3 females of M. femorata, M. digitata, and M. australica and interspecific groups of M. femorata and M. australica (2:1) were observed over their first 10 days in newly established cultures, and the incidence of mutilation was recorded. In some groups females were dye-fed, allowing us to subsequently chart …

Can They Do That?: The Limits Of Governmental Power Over Medical Treatment, Paul Jerome Mclaughlin Jr.

Library Faculty Publications

The government’s power over health care is strongest when health care treatments and precautions to protect the public welfare, such as quarantines and vaccinations, are at issue. Governmental power over health care decisions weakens when an individual’s health care decisions are in question. When health care decisions would only affect the individual making them, the government’s power is even less. This article argues that government agents must be cautious in making health care determinations for others and that they should aim to protect an individual’s right to self-determination so long as those choices do not pose a threat to the …

Acinetobacter Bacteriophage Discovery In Soil, Michael Plaskett

Rose-Hulman Undergraduate Research Publications

The Acinetobacter genus is home to a wide range of bacteria that are gram-negative, aerobic, non-motile, oxidase-negative, catalase positive, and coccobacilli with a G+C content of 39 to 47% (Bergogne-Berezin, 1996). These bacteria are universal as they reside in the soil, water, sewage, various surfaces; and are also able to infect humans; however, a majority of the infections are caused by the species Acinetobacter baumannii. This bacterium is the most prevalent etiological cause of the Acinetobacter infections due to it being a nosocomial infection or one that is acquired in a health care setting. The infections that occur in a …

Global Health And Disability: A Review And Call To Action For All Rehabilitation Professions, Evan M. Pucillo, Matthew B. Huish, Quinn Tate, Edward C. O'Bryan, Ty T. Dickerson

Physical Therapy Collection

The World Health Organization estimates 15% of the world’s population is living with disability and anticipates an increase as the population ages. Disability is a growing healthcare concern and presents a tremendous burden to all nations. The world will soon need to provide health and rehabilitative care for an enormous number of persons with disability. The purpose of this article is to provide a brief narrative review pertaining to global health and rehabilitation, and to motivate the rehabilitation professions in taking immediate action through further investment in global health initiatives to manage both the current and projected burden of disability. …