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Animal Science E-Newsletter, September 2018, University Of Arkansas, Fayetteville. Department Of Animal Sciences

Animal Science e-Newsletter

No abstract provided.

(Wp 2018-03) Comment On White On The Relationship Between Economics And Ethics, John B. Davis

Economics Working Papers

This short comment on Mark White’s comment on the relationship of economics and ethics focuses on the nature of economics and ethics as an emergent field of investigation. It discusses different types of between-discipline fields, and compares crossdisciplinary and transdisciplinary interpretations of economics and ethics. The ‘domestication’ thesis associated with borrowing across disciplines is examined in terms of the idea of a metaphorical transfers. Institutional constraints on between-discipline developments are evaluated relative to increasing specialization within and across disciplines. The transdisciplinary interpretation of economics and ethics is given a complexity theory explanation.

Western Australian Regional Development Trust 2017-18 Annual Report, Department Of Primary Industries And Regional Development, Western Australia

Reports

No abstract provided.

Random Genetic Drift And Selective Pressures Shaping The Blattabacterium Genome, Austin Alleman, Kate L. Hertweck, Srini Kambhampati

Biology Faculty Publications and Presentations

Estimates suggest that at least half of all extant insect genera harbor obligate bacterial mutualists. Whereas an endosymbiotic relationship imparts many benefits upon host and symbiont alike, the intracellular lifestyle has profound effects on the bacterial genome. The obligate endosymbiont genome is a product of opposing forces: genes important to host survival are maintained through physiological constraint, contrasted by the fixation of deleterious mutations and genome erosion through random genetic drift. The obligate cockroach endosymbiont, Blattabacterium – providing nutritional augmentation to its host in the form of amino acid synthesis – displays radical genome alterations when compared to its most …

An Assessment Of The Greatest Impacts On Distribution Uniformity For Drip And Micro Irrigation, Brooke Ashley Worden

Master's Theses

Using the Cal Poly Irrigation Training and Research Centers (ITRC) drip/micro evaluation program, global, or system, DU_lq is computed by combining the component DU_lq values of: pressure variation, uneven spacing between emitters, unequal drainage and “other” causes. “Other” causes include plugging, wear and manufacturing coefficient. The program also computes what percentage of the non-uniformity is due to each component. Burt (2004) showed that over 95% of the non-uniformity is due to “Other” causes and pressure differences. This thesis looks at what specifically in those components is driving the non-uniformity by analyzing various equipment and field practices and their …

Voltage Effects On Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor-Mediated Contractions Of Airway Smooth Muscle, Iurii Semenov, Robert Brenner

Bioelectrics Publications

Studies have shown that the activity of muscarinic receptors and their affinity to agonists are sensitive to membrane potential. It was reported that in airway smooth muscle (ASM) depolarization evoked by high K⁺ solution increases contractility through direct effects on M3 muscarinic receptors. In this study, we assessed the physiological relevance of voltage sensitivity of muscarinic receptors on ASM contractility. Our findings reveal that depolarization by high K⁺ solution induces contraction in intact mouse trachea predominantly through activation of acetylcholine release from embedded nerves, and to a lesser extent by direct effects on M3 receptors. We therefore devised …

Moderate Heat Application Enhances The Efficacy Of Nanosecond Pulse Stimulation For The Treatment Of Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Chelsea M. Edelblute, Sigi Guo, Embo Yang, Chunqi Jiang, Karl Schoenbach, Richard Heller

Bioelectrics Publications

Nanosecond pulse stimulation as a tumor ablation therapy has been studied for the treatment of various carcinomas in animal models and has shown a significant survival benefit. In the current study, we found that moderate heating at 43°C for 2 minutes significantly enhanced in vitro nanosecond pulse stimulation-induced cell death of KLN205 murine squamous cell carcinoma cells by 2.43-fold at 600 V and by 2.32-fold at 900 V, as evidenced by propidium iodide uptake. Furthermore, the ablation zone in KLN205 cells placed in a 3-dimensional cell-culture model and pulsed at a voltage of 900 V at 43°C was 3 times …

Parental Hormones Are Associated With Crop Loss And Family Sickness Following Catastrophic Flooding In Lowland Bolivia, Benjamin C. Trumble, Jonathan Stieglitz, Adrian Jaeggi, Bret Beheim, Matthew Schwartz, Edmond Seabright, Daniel Cummings, Hillard Kaplan, Michael Gurven

ESI Publications

The physiology of fatherhood is a growing field of study, and variability in hormonal mediators of reproductive effort (e.g. testosterone, cortisol) can predict variability in paternal investment. Studies often find that lower testosterone levels are associated with increased paternal investment, though most studies are conducted under relatively stable ecological conditions. In this paper, we examine parental physiological correlates of crop loss and family health problems among Tsimane forager-horticulturalists following a catastrophic flood in lowland Bolivia. Immediately after a devastating 2014 flood that impacted >75% of Tsimane communities, we conducted structured interviews examining crop losses and morbidity, and collected saliva specimens …

Review Of Reading The Market: Genres Of Financial Capitalism In Gilded Age America, Lynne P. Doti

Economics Faculty Articles and Research

A review of Peter Knight's Reading the Market: Genres of Financial Capitalism in Gilded Age America.

Transgene-Assisted Genetic Screen Identifies Rsd-6 And Novel Genes As Key Components Of Antiviral Rna Interference In Caenorhabditis Elegans, Tianyun Long, Fei Meng, Rui Lu

Faculty Publications

© 2018 American Society for Microbiology. RNA interference (RNAi) is a widespread antiviral mechanism triggered by virus-produced double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs). In Caenorhabditis elegans, antiviral RNAi involves a RIG-I-like RNA helicase, termed DRH-1 (dicer related RNA helicase 1), that is not required for classical RNAi triggered by artificial dsRNA. Currently, whether antiviral RNAi in C. elegans involves novel factors that are dispensable for classical RNAi remains an open question. To address this question, we designed and carried out a genetic screen that aims to identify novel genes involved in worm antiviral RNAi. By introducing extra copies of known antiviral RNAi genes …

Gene Regulation By Redox-Sensitive Burkholderia Thailandensis Ohrr And Its Role In Bacterial Killing Of Caenorhabditis Elegans, Anuja Pande, Todd C. Veale, Anne Grove

Faculty Publications

© 2018 American Society for Microbiology. Fatty acid hydroperoxides are involved in host-pathogen interactions. In both plants and mammals, polyunsaturated fatty acids are liberated during infection and enzymatically oxidized to the corresponding toxic hydroperoxides during the defensive oxidative burst that is designed to thwart the infection. The bacterial transcription factor OhrR (organic hydroperoxide reductase regulator) is oxidized by organic hydroperoxides, as a result of which the ohr gene encoding organic hydroperoxide reductase is induced. This enzyme converts the hydroperoxides to less toxic alcohols. We show here that OhrR from Burkholderia thailandensis represses expression of ohr. Gene expression is induced by …

Circular Rna Identified From Peg3 And Igf2r, Bambarendage P.U. Perera, Subash Ghimire, Joomyeong Kim

Faculty Publications

Copyright: © 2018 Perera et al. Circular RNA is a newly discovered class of non-coding RNA generated through the back-splicing of linear pre-mRNA. In the current study, we characterized two circular RNAs that had been identified through NGS-based 5'RACE experiments. According to the results, the Peg3 locus contains a 214-nucleotide-long circular RNA, circPeg3, that is detected in low abundance from the neonatal brain, lung and ovary. In contrast, the Igf2r locus contains a group of highly abundant circular RNAs, circIgf2r, showing multiple forms with various exon combinations. In both cases, the expression patterns of circPeg3 and circIgf2r among individual tissues …

4c-Seq Characterization Of Drosophila Beaf Binding Regions Provides Evidence For Highly Variable Long-Distance Interactions Between Active Chromatin, Shraddha Shrestha, Dong Ha Oh, J. Keller Mckowen, Maheshi Dassanayake, Craig M. Hart

Faculty Publications

© 2018 Shrestha et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Chromatin organization is crucial for nuclear functions such as gene regulation, DNA replication and DNA repair. Insulator binding proteins, such as the Drosophila Boundary Element-Associated Factor (BEAF), are involved in chromatin organization. To further understand the role of BEAF, we detected cis-and trans-interaction partners of four BEAF binding regions (viewpoints) using 4C (circular chromosome conformation capture) and analyzed their association with …

Adipose Tissue Dysfunction Occurs Independently Of Obesity In Adipocyte-Specific Oncostatin Receptor Knockout Mice, Jacqueline M. Stephens, Jennifer L. Bailey, Hardy Hang, Victoria Rittell, Marilyn A. Dietrich, Randall L. Mynatt, Carrie M. Elks

Faculty Publications

© 2018 The Obesity Society Objective: This study examined the phenotypic effects of adipocyte-specific oncostatin M receptor (OSMR) loss in chow-fed mice. Methods: Chow-fed adipocyte-specific OSMR knockout (FKO) mice and littermate OSMRfl/fl controls were studied. Tissue weights, insulin sensitivity, adipokine production, and stromal cell immunophenotypes were assessed in epididymal fat (eWAT); serum adipokine production was also assessed. In vitro, adipocytes were treated with oncostatin M, and adipokine gene expression was assessed. Results: Body weights, fasting blood glucose levels, and eWAT weights did not differ between genotypes. However, the eWAT of OSMRFKO mice was modestly less responsive to insulin stimulation than …

Building Quality Research Evidence In Homoeopathy, Raj Manchanda

Indian Journal of Research in Homoeopathy

No abstract provided.

Physicochemical Study Of The Homoeopathic Drug, Blatta Orientalis, Bibaswan Biswas, Shyaga Jhansi, Ramchander Potu, Satish Patel, M Nagaraju, Renu Arya, E Sundaram, A Khurana, Raj Manchanda

Indian Journal of Research in Homoeopathy

Introduction: Blatta orientalis or oriental cockroach, also known as water bug or black beetle, belongs to class insecta and family Blattidae. In Homoeopathy, medicine prepared from it is used in a number of ailments, especially in the treatment of asthma. Materials and Methods: The physicochemical study includes evaluation of different parameters, namely foreign matter, moisture content, total ash, water-soluble and acid-insoluble ash values, water and ethanol extracts of the raw drug. Physicochemical studies, namely organoleptic specifications, sediment, specific gravity determination, total solids, pH measurement, thin-layer chromatography (TLC), ultraviolet-visible spectra and alcohol content have also standardised and presented for both in-house …

A Clinical Study On Effect Of Plantago In Gingivitis By Assessing Bleeding And Plaque Index, E Reddy, Parveen Sharma, P Raj

Indian Journal of Research in Homoeopathy

Background: Gingival inflammation and plaque formation are a major health problem in worldwide. Objective: The objective of the study was to assess the variation of parameters of bleeding and plaque index (PI) in Gingivitis before, during and after intervention with Plantago. Materials and Methods: Thirty gingivitis patients were divided into two groups: control and test groups. Subjects were instructed to use toothpaste twice daily using the bass method up to 6 months. Clinical data were assessed at baseline, 3 months and 6 months which include an analysis of PI, Gingival Index (GI) and bleeding on probing (BOP). Results: Over a …

Homoeopathic Approach For The Treatment Of Cancer, Saeed Ahmad, Tayyeba Rehman, Waheed Abbasi

Indian Journal of Research in Homoeopathy

Homoeopathy is among the commonly used alternative approaches in Cancer. It is being widely used as palliative and curative in patients suffering from cancer. Though studies on the use of Homoeopathy in cancer after surgery, radio therapy and chemotherapy have been reported, clinical trials on effects of Homoeopathy in cancer are rare. Some studies on the effect of dosage of Homoeopathic medicines and their mechanism of action in cancer have also been published. A few case reports published here and there also find a mention in different databases. This review aims to describe literature available on the approach of Homoeopathy …

Kent V. City Of Columbia Falls: All For One—How Eroding The Public Duty Doctrine Threatens Modern Society, Megan Timm

Montana Law Review Online

Defining the scope of a defendant’s duty of care has sparked heated debate for decades, and rightfully so. The obligations we have to one another dictate our societal structure at its core, for “in the absence of a duty, there can be no negligence.” Tort law, serving as a “deterrence of antisocial conduct,” purposefully molds our behaviors by making us financially accountable for our choices. That which we choose to do—and refrain from doing—is directly impacted by both our duty and the cost of breaching it. As a result, positive behaviors may be indirectly deterred by demanding compensation when they …

A Multidisciplinary Approach For Generating Globally Consistent Data On Mesophotic, Deep-Pelagic, And Bathyal Biological Communities, Lucy C. Woodall, Dominic A. Andradi-Brown, Andrew S. Brierley, Malcolm R. Clark, Douglas Connelly, Rob A. Hall, Kerry L. Howell, Veerle A. I. Huvenne, Katrin Linse, Rebecca E. Ross, Paul Snelgrove, Paris V. Stefanoudis, Tracey Sutton, Michelle Taylor, Thomas F. Thornton, Alex D. Rogers

Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles

Approaches to measuring marine biological parameters remain almost as diverse as the researchers who measure them. However, understanding the patterns of diversity in ocean life over different temporal and geographic scales requires consistent data and information on the potential environmental drivers. As a group of marine scientists from different disciplines, we suggest a formalized, consistent framework of 20 biological, chemical, physical, and socioeconomic parameters that we consider the most important for describing environmental and biological variability. We call our proposed framework the General Ocean Survey and Sampling Iterative Protocol (GOSSIP). We hope that this framework will establish a consistent approach …

Variation Across Mitochondrial Gene Trees Provides Evidence For Systematic Error: How Much Gene Tree Variation Is Biological?, E J. Richards, J M. Brown, A J. Barley, R A. Chong, E J. Richards

Faculty Publications

The use of large genomic data sets in phylogenetics has highlighted extensive topological variation across genes. Much of this discordance is assumed to result from biological processes. However, variation among gene trees can also be a consequence of systematic error driven by poor model fit, and the relative importance of biological vs. methodological factors in explaining gene tree variation is a major unresolved question. Using mitochondrial genomes to control for biological causes of gene tree variation, we estimate the extent of gene tree discordance driven by systematic error and employ posterior prediction to highlight the role of model fit in …

Variation Across Mitochondrial Gene Trees Provides Evidence For Systematic Error: How Much Gene Tree Variation Is Biological?, E J. Richards, J M. Brown, A J. Barley, R A. Chong, E J. Richards

Faculty Publications

The use of large genomic data sets in phylogenetics has highlighted extensive topological variation across genes. Much of this discordance is assumed to result from biological processes. However, variation among gene trees can also be a consequence of systematic error driven by poor model fit, and the relative importance of biological vs. methodological factors in explaining gene tree variation is a major unresolved question. Using mitochondrial genomes to control for biological causes of gene tree variation, we estimate the extent of gene tree discordance driven by systematic error and employ posterior prediction to highlight the role of model fit in …

An Overview Of Extant Conifer Evolution From The Perspective Of The Fossil Record, Andrew B. Leslie, Jeremy Beaulieu, Garth Holman, Christopher S. Campbell, Wenbin Mei, Linda R. Raubeson, Sarah Mathews

Faculty Publications

© 2018 Botanical Society of America Premise of the Study: Conifers are an important living seed plant lineage with an extensive fossil record spanning more than 300 million years. The group therefore provides an excellent opportunity to explore congruence and conflict between dated molecular phylogenies and the fossil record. Methods: We surveyed the current state of knowledge in conifer phylogenetics to present a new time-calibrated molecular tree that samples ~90% of extant species diversity. We compared phylogenetic relationships and estimated divergence ages in this new phylogeny with the paleobotanical record, focusing on clades that are species-rich and well known from …

New Mouse Model Of Pulmonary Hypertension Induced By Respiratory Syncytial Virus Bronchiolitis, Dai Kimura, Jordy Saravia, Sridhar Jaligama, Isabella Mcnamara, Luan D. Vu, Ryan D. Sullivan, Salvatore Mancarella, Dahui You, Stephania A. Cormier

Faculty Publications

© 2018 American Physiological Society. All rights reserved. Pulmonary hypertension (PH) has been observed in up to 75% of infants with moderate to severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality in infants with congenital heart disease. The purpose of the present study was to establish a mouse model of PH secondary to RSV bronchiolitis that mimics the disease etiology as it occurs in infants. Neonatal mice were infected with RSV at 5 days of age and then reinfected 4 wk later. Serum-free medium was administered to age-matched mice as a control. Echocardiography and …

Dispersal Records Of The Sugarcane Aphid, Melanaphis Sacchari (Zehntner) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), Through The Midwest Suction Trap Network, Doris Lagos-Kutz, David Voegtlin, Jeffrey Davis, Glen Hartman

Faculty Publications

Summary Melanaphis sacchari (Zehntner) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), the sugarcane aphid, is an invasive species in the United States. This species is a threat to crops of economic importance including sorghum and sugar cane. Therefore, monitoring dispersal of this pest is necessary to document its geographic expansion. Based on trap catches obtained from the Midwest Suction Trap Network during 2015 to 2017, sugarcane aphids arrived late in the growing season as far as northern Wisconsin. We will continue to monitor the dispersal of this aphid species through the Midwest Suction Trap Network in order to provide information to researchers, extension agents, and …

Production Of Live Young With Cryopreserved Sperm From The Endangered Livebearing Fish Redtail Splitfin (Xenotoca Eiseni, Rutter, 1896), Yue Liu, Harry Grier, Terrence R. Tiersch

Faculty Publications

Previous studies of sperm cryopreservation of livebearing fish have been limited to two genera within the family Poeciliidae. The goal of the present study was to investigate the feasibility to produce live young of livebearing goodeids (family Goodeidae) with cryopreserved sperm, using aquarium-trade populations of the endangered species Redtail Splitfin (Xenotoca eiseni, Rutter, 1896). Reproductive condition of females was evaluated by histological categorization of ovarian development. A total of 117 females were inseminated with cryopreserved sperm, 81 were inseminated with fresh sperm, 27 were mixed with males for natural breeding, and 30 were maintained without males or insemination. Histological images …

Isolation By Marine Barriers And Climate Explain Areas Of Endemism In An Island Rodent, Thomas C. Giarla, Sean P. Maher, Anang S. Achmadi, Meagan K. Moore, Mark T. Swanson, Kevin C. Rowe, Jacob A. Esselstyn

Faculty Publications

Aim: The Indonesian island of Sulawesi is home to thousands of endemic terrestrial animal species. Phylogeographical studies of some of these taxa revealed concordant distribution patterns (areas of endemism; AoEs), suggestive of a shared evolutionary or ecological mechanism driving divergence among various terrestrial taxa. Generally, AoEs have been attributed to Pleistocene marine incursions, geological fault zones and Sulawesi's history as an archipelago. We test, for the first time, the hypothesis that population divergences are associated with unsuitable climate spaces at the boundaries between these areas. Location: Sulawesi, Indonesia. Taxon: Maxomys musschenbroekii, a common murid rodent endemic to Sulawesi. Methods: We …

Ants Alter Molecular Characteristics Of Soil Organic Carbon Determined By Pyrolysis-Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry, Zhongsheng Zhang, Zhuo Wei, Jim Jian Wang, Ran Xiao, Yili Meng, Haitao Wu, Xianguo Lyu

Faculty Publications

Colonization by ecosystem engineers, such as ants, have important but occasionally unnoticed roles in regulating soil carbon cycles. However, little information is available pertaining to ant effects on changing molecular features of soil organic matter. In this study, we characterized total soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen, water extractable organic carbon (WEOC) as well as molecular characteristics of humic acids (HAs) of ant mound soils (SoilAnt) and the surrounding soils (SoilCon) using pyrolysis-chromatography/mass (py-GC/MS). SOC, total nitrogen and WEOC contents of SoilAnt were significantly lower than those of SoilCon. SoilAnt samples had significant higher nitrogen containing compounds proportions in pyrolysis …

Labrad : Vol 44, Issue 2 - September 2018, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi

LABRAD - Departments of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and Radiology Archives

• Inappropriate Requesting Of Glycated Haemoglobin (HBA1c) By Clinicians
• Fecal Calprotectin (S100a8/S100a9)
• Fecal Pancreatic Elastase: A Test for Pancreatic Insufficiency
• Radiology Pathology Correlation
• Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS)
• WHO Classification of Head and Neck Tumours: An Update
• Plasma Metanephrines in Diagnosis of Pheochromocytoma
• Megaloblastic Anemia
• Aplastic AnemiaTransfusion Associated Circulatory Overload (Taco): A Severe But Preventable Transfusion Reaction

Revulsion, Restlessness, And Rage Through The Body In Pain: Radical Affects And Political Consciousness In The Ariel Poems, Erin P. Beach

Theses and Dissertations

The affective path to radicalism unfolds in Plath's Ariel in three stages. Revulsion identifies a shared source of conflict with a clear patriarchal enemy. Restlessness mimics the context and pace of rebellion, including the acute crises that give way to a societal awakening. Rage connotes incipient action and a commitment to upheaval as an act of restorative justice. The associated “ugly feelings” that facilitate such affects are a reflection of how, historically, progress has come at the cost of suffering. Plath’s language and its capacity for commanding this perverse sense of the sublime – particularly its ability to control …