Digital Commons Network^™

Environmental Issues In Free Trade Integration In The Western Hemisphere, Jill A. Kotvis

Law and Business Review of the Americas

No abstract provided.

International Law For Sustainable Development: An Attempt At Definition, Mary Pat Williams Silveira, Barbara Ruis

Law and Business Review of the Americas

No abstract provided.

Coming Together In North America For The Environment And The Economy, Sheila Copps

Law and Business Review of the Americas

No abstract provided.

Venezuela

Law and Business Review of the Americas

No abstract provided.

Effect Of Ten Days High-Intensity Training On Dna Damage, Sascha Schlechtweg, Dieter Bubeck, Wilfried Alt, Achim Bub

ISBS Proceedings Archive

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of ten days high-intensity training on human PBMC DNA damage. 20 subjects were randomly assigned into two groups (n=10). The intervention group was performing daily cycle training for ten days, while the control group did not exercise at all. Blood samples were analysed the day before training starts in the morning after the last session and after four days of recovery. Daily training was quantified using the TRIMP the RPE scale and lactate concentration. Also the differences in the overall well-being was measured using the MDBF Two-way ANOVA showed no …

Analysis Of Lower Limb Bilateral Force Asymmetries By Different Vertical Jump Techniques, Sílvia Ribeiro Santos Araújo, Fabíola Bertú Medeiros, Edgardo Alvares De Abreu, Nathália Oliveira Gonçalves, Hans-Joachim Karl Menzel

ISBS Proceedings Archive

This study has compared the diagnostic information of lower limb bilateral force asymmetry by the impulse variable at different vertical jump techniques. Twenty-nine soccer players carried out six attempts at each of the vertical jumps, countermovement jump and squat jump, on two synchronized force platforms. After the calculation of the symmetry index, the athletes were classified as symmetric and asymmetric respecting a cut-off value of 15%, McNemar’s test compared the diagnostic information among the techniques. Significant differences were found among the diagnostic information of the different techniques (p<0.05). It is thus concluded that different vertical jump techniques provide different information in regards to the level of bilateral force asymmetry in soccer players.

A Musculoskeletal Modelling Approach Of Iliotibial Band Syndrome In Cycling. Implications For Injury Prevention., Mathieu Menard, Mathieu Domalain, Patrick Lacouture

ISBS Proceedings Archive

The aim was to investigate the potential risk of developing iliotibial band syndrome (ITBS) through the analysis of the theoretical interaction between joint degrees of freedom and individual pedalling techniques. Experimental lower limb kinematics recorded from ten well-trained healthy cyclists served as input data of a musculoskeletal modelling to calculate the compression force between ITB and the lateral femoral epicondyle (LFE). Cyclists pedalled in a standardized position at a steady state (90rpm and 200W). Results demonstrated that ITBS potential risk increases in individuals whose pedalling technique exacerbate hip extension-adduction and/or knee extension-internal rotation. Furthermore, hip joint kinematics had a greater …

The Role Of The Internal Rotation Of The Upper Arm In Javelin Throwing, Hans-Peter Köhler, Frank Lehmann, Maren Witt

ISBS Proceedings Archive

We performed a kinematic and inverse dynamic study with javelin throwers in order to assess the role of the internal rotation of the upper arm in javelin throwing and then compare the findings to baseball throwing. On the one hand, the results show an equal behaviour of the angular velocity, torque and power curves compared to baseball pitching. The evaluated peak values differ on the other hand. Hence, the different release velocities in baseball pitching and this study could serve as an explanation for the different values, which can vary enormously.

Pole-Athlete Interaction During The Pole Vault Approach Phase, Laurie Needham, Ian Bezodis, Tim Exell, Gareth Irwin

ISBS Proceedings Archive

The aim of this study was to assess whether pole vaulters interacted differently with the pole during normal and perturbed approach phase conditions. Six national and international level athletes performed nine jumps, which were recorded and analysed. Pole vaulters were found to produce different coordination patterns when interacting with the pole during normal and perturbed approach phase conditions. The variable nature of the highly skilled athletes enforces the need for degenerate behaviours in achieving consistent performance outcomes. Athletes produced different coordination patterns, and should be considered on an individual basis in order to effectively, efficiently and safely improve performance.

Comment And Official Documents: The Miami Summit

Law and Business Review of the Americas

No abstract provided.

Wrist-Elbow Coordination In Technique Selection: Influence Of Hand Position During The Back Handspring., Sophie Burton, Laurie Needham, Tim Exell, Roman Farana, Gareth Irwin

ISBS Proceedings Archive

This study aims to investigate the influence of hand position on elbow and wrist joint coordination and variability during the back handspring in female gymnastics. Five national level female gymnasts performed five back handspring trials with “inward”, “parallel” and “outward” hand positions. Synchronised three-dimensional kinematic and kinetic data were collected and modified vector coding techniques were used to calculate wrist-elbow coordination. Self-organised coordination patterns were observed for the three hand positions. The “inward” displayed highest coordination variability (24.6o up to 60.5o) with the “parallel” displaying lowest variability (10.8o to 28.3o). Lower variability within the parallel technique may be more suited …

Limit Cycle Representation Of The Gymnastics Longswing, Genevieve K.R. Williams, Domenico Vicinanza, Gareth Irwin, Karl M. Newell

ISBS Proceedings Archive

Human movement science is searching for ways to capture global dynamics of our complex multi-segment system. The aim of this study was to explore differences in a limit cycle representation of longswings on high bar as a function of skill level. One elite international, one collegiate, and one novice gymnast performed four consecutive longswings on high bar. Through the novel representation of the longswing as a limit cycle, and exploration of the limit cycle characteristics, it is shown that higher frequency, more phase coherent oscillations, and lower limit cycle variability occurs as a function of skill level. It is suggested …

Profiles Of Excellence In Sports Biomechanics Research, Duane Knudson

ISBS Proceedings Archive

This study documented the citation bibliometrics of the last 15 winners of the Geoffrey Dyson Award. Harzing’s Publish or Perish 4.29 software was used to search Google Scholar for publications and citations for these scholars. A typical, recent Dyson award winner had about 153 publications cited 3,377 times over a 26-year period. The median Hirsch index and individualized Hirsch index were 30 and 18, respectively. Publication and citation records of Dyson award winners were outstanding and consistent with studies of other senior faculty and scholar award winners in biomechanics, kinesiology and exercise science.

Prescribing Joint Co-Ordinates During Model Preparation In Opensim Improves The Accuracy Of Lower Limb Kinematics, Chris Jackson, Jacqueline Alderson, Gillian Weir, Cyril Donnelly

ISBS Proceedings Archive

The lower limb sidestepping kinematics of 20 elite female athletes were calculated using: 1) an established direct kinematic (DK) model (criterion) and, 2) two inverse kinematic (IK) models; one with and one without participant-specific joint co-ordinates prescribed during model preparation. The aim of this research was to determine whether prescribing joint co-ordinates influences the accuracy of IK derived sidestepping kinematics. Time-varying analysis (1D SPM) of IK derived hip, knee and ankle joint kinematics showed model’s prepared with participant-specific joint co-ordinates more closely matched that of the criterion measure. Prescribing participant-specific joint coordinates during model preparation improves the accuracy of IK …

Prediction Of Ground Reaction Forces And Moments Via Supervised Learning Is Independent Of Participant Sex, Height And Mass, William R. Johnson, Ajmal Mian, Cyril J. Donnelly, David Lloyd, Jacqueline Alderson

ISBS Proceedings Archive

Accurate multidimensional ground reaction forces and moments (GRF/Ms) can be predicted from marker-based motion capture using Partial Least Squares (PLS) supervised learning. In this study, the correlations between known and predicted GRF/Ms are compared depending on whether the PLS model is trained using the discrete inputs of sex, height and mass. All three variables were found to be accounted for in the marker trajectory data, which serves to simplify data capture requirements and importantly, indicates that prediction of GRF/Ms can be achieved without pre-existing knowledge of such participant specific inputs. This multidisciplinary research approach significantly advances machine representation of real-world …

Modeling And Optimal Control Of Able-Bodied And Unilateral Amputee Running, Anna Lena Kleesattel, Debora Clever, Johannes Funken, Wolfgang Potthast, Katja Mombaur

ISBS Proceedings Archive

The remarkable performances of amputee athletes in sprint competitions aroused media and scientific interest and led to the question whether running-specific prostheses can be an advantage with respect to able-bodied running. The aim of this study was to bring together motion capture data and Scientific Computing methods to analyze the running motions of an able-bodied and a unilateral transtibial amputee athlete. For each of them a rigid multibody system model was created. By application of optimal control techniques, the dynamics of reference running movements from motion capture data was reconstructed for both models. The able-bodied and the transtibial amputee sprinters …

Kinematics Comparison Of Two Common Different Guard In Taekwondo Ap Dollio Chagi, Hamidreza Barnamehei, Mohammadreza Kharazi, Mohammadali Safaei

ISBS Proceedings Archive

Tae Kwon Do is the art of using hands and feet to defend what is now modern sports world has become. The aim of this study was to procure characteristics of Kinematic of Ap Dollio Chagi techniques in two different guard: doing technique with front leg and back leg of guard. Nine elite Taekwondo athletes participate in experimental research. Results, showed that there were significant differences between two different guards in movement time, maximum velocity of toe, hip angular velocity, knee angular velocity, and ankle angular velocity. These kinematics characteristics of front guard were better than back guard, these reach …

A Case Study Of The Start In Flat Water Kayaking Competitions, Matilde Espinosa

ISBS Proceedings Archive

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between shoulder and elbow coordination at the start of a flat-water kayaking competition. A high performance male competitor is analyzed based on the four main corporal positions and phases that the body adopts during a paddling cycle. Photogrammetric procedures were used with data extracted from the movements registered by three video cameras. The amplitude of the 3D angular displacement at the shoulders and elbows was calculated. Non-parametric statistical tests were applied to analyze the angular displacement in the phases of the stroke cycle. Results showed that there are significant differences …

Changes In Balance And Joint Position Sense During A 12-Day High Altitude Trek, Sarah B. Clarke, Kevin Deighton, Caroline Newman, Gareth Nicholson, Liam Gallagher, Chris Boos, Adrian Mellor, David R. Woods, John P. O'Hara

ISBS Proceedings Archive

The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in postural control and knee joint position sense (KJPS) during a trek to high altitude. Postural control during standing balance and KJPS were measured in 12 participants at sea-level, 3619m, 4600m and 5140m. Total (p = 0.003, d=1.9) and anterior-posterior sway velocity (p= 0.001, d=1.9) during standing balance with eyes open velocity was significantly greater at altitudes of 3619m and 5140m when compared with sea level. Despite a gradual ascent profile, exposure to 3619 m was associated with impairments in postural control. Importantly, these impairments did not worsen at higher altitudes. …

Field Evidence Against Rodent Burrow Entering By Aedes Triseriatus (Diptera: Culicidae), Edward D. Walker

The Great Lakes Entomologist

(excerpt)

The tree-hole developing mosquito Aedes triseriatus (Say) is the major vector of La Crosse encephalitis virus in the upper mid-western United States (Calisher and Thompson 1983). This virus overwinters in the eggs of this mosquito, and in the summer infects chipmunks and squirrels which have been bitten by infected mosquitoes (op. cit). Non-infected mosquitoes may become infected when they blood-feed on viremic sciurid rodents (Pantuwatana et al. 1972).

Predatory Insects And Spiders From Suburban Lawns In Lexington, Kentucky, Stephen D. Cockfield, Daniel A. Potter

The Great Lakes Entomologist

Predatory arthropods were caught in pitfall traps in suburban lawns in Lexington, Kentucky. The relative abundance of species of Lycosidae, Carabidae, and Staphylinidae was compared in Kentucky bluegrass and tall fescue turf. Nine species of Lycosidae were collected from both the bluegrass and tall fescue lawns. More species or phena of Carabidae were collected from bluegrass than from tall fescue turf. More than 40 species or phena of staphylinids were collected from each grass habitat. Both Kentucky bluegrass and tall fescue are inhabited by an abundant and diverse array of predatory arthropods.

Emergence Of Adult Hessian Flies (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) From Overwintered Puparia, Robert F. Ruppel

The Great Lakes Entomologist

(excerpt)

The Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor (Say), is a pest of wheat and more rarely barley and rye. The fly usually has two generations per year in Michigan, one in the spring and the other in the fall. The summer and winter are spent as small, hard, black puparia (called "flax seeds") in the culms of the host small grains and grasses. Farmers very early found that fly damage could be avoided by planting their winter grains "late" in the season. Studies made early in this century found that the earliest date for planting to avoid the fly (the "fly-free …

Development Of Empirical Models To Rate Spruce-Fir Stands In Michigan's Upper Peninsula For Hazard From The Spruce Budworm (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae): A Case History, Ann M. Lynch, Gary W. Fowler, John A. Witter

The Great Lakes Entomologist

The procedure used to develop empirical models which estimate potential spruce budworm impact to spruce-fir stands in Michigan's Upper Peninsula is reviewed. Criteria used to select independent variables, to select the best of alternative multiple linear regression models. and to validate final models are discussed. Preliminary, intermediate, and final results demonstrate a cyclic pattern to the development procedure. Validation is emphasized as an important step in the procedure. Implications of using the hazard-rating system as a pest management tool in the stand management process are discussed.

Diapause And Emergence Patterns In Univoltine And Bivol Tine Populations Of Promethea (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae), J. G. Sternburg, G. P. Waldbauer

The Great Lakes Entomologist

Data are presented on the diapause and the seasonal emergence patterns of the adults of a univoltine Callosamia promethea population from northern Indiana and a partially bivoltine population from central Illinois. At Urbana, Illinois, the median emergence date of adults from overwintering Illinois pupae was about a month earlier than that of adults from overwintering Indiana pupae. Illinois samples had a much longer emergence period than Indiana samples. Indiana samples showed a slight tendency toward a bimodal emergence pattern, a few individuals emerging in late May and the rest emerging as a tightly synchronized group from late June to mid-July. …

Designing Biological Experimentation Systems For High Altitude Ballooning, Caitlyn Singam

2017 Academic High Altitude Conference

The prevalence of bacteria in the atmosphere has been well-established in relevant literature, suggesting that airborne bacteria can influence atmospheric characteristics including the development of clouds. Studies have also demonstrated that the atmospheric biological profile is influenced by the underlying terrestrial biomes. An understanding of the complex interplay of factors that can influence the atmospheric biological profile, not to mention developing a biological census of the atmosphere, requires a cost-effective experimental system capable of generating reproducible results with reliable data. However, as a recent balloon payload launched by JAXA demonstrated, these payloads are both complex and cost prohibitive. This paper …

A Checklist Of Megaloptera And Neuroptera (Planipennia) Of Indiana, H. R. Lawson, W. P. Mccafferty

The Great Lakes Entomologist

Sixty-five species of the insect orders Megaloptera and Neuroptera have been confirmed as being distributed in the state of Indiana, with the majority representing new state records.

10th Annual Florida Statewide Symposium: Best Practices In Undergraduate Research, Florida Statewide Symposium

Florida Statewide Symposium: Best Practices in Undergraduate Research

Program for the Symposium

An Improved Procedure For Laboratory Rearing Of The Corn Earworm, Heliothis Zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), G. P. Waldbauer, R. W. Cohen, S. Friedman

The Great Lakes Entomologist

An improved method for the laboratory rearing of the corn earworm. Heliothis zea, described. The rearing medium is a modification of the commonly used wheat germ An oviposition chamber, a feeder for adults, and a simple and inexpensive contrnlled humidity chamber are described.

Brown-Tail Moth, Euproctis Chrysorrhoea, An Indigenous Pest Of Parks And Public In The Benelux Countries (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae), F. M. Kniest, J. R. Hoffman

The Great Lakes Entomologist

Euproctis chrysorrhoea is a pest of park and shade trees and of the public in the Benelux countries as well as in the northeastern United States and Canada. In the Benelux countries the brown-tail moth is present every year in the dune regions, where it mainly feeds on Hippophae rhamnoides. Hairs from the larvae are irritating to the human skin producing a papular urticaria. An outbreak of the caterpillars produced widespread discomfort at a beach in the Netherlands in 1982 following defoliation of food plants and migration of the larvae seeking food, with resulting human contact, as well as …

Summer Diapause Of The Clover Leaf Weevil, Hypera Punctata, And Lesser Clover Leaf Weevil, Hypera Nigrirostris, In Wisconsin, James A. Latsinger, James W. Apple

The Great Lakes Entomologist

Low respiration rates, immobility, lack of feeding, and undeveloped reproductive systems confirmed a summer diapause in the overwintered and current-year adults of the clover leaf weevil, Hypera punctata, and lesser clover leaf weevil, Hypera nigrirostris. The prolonged summer diapause and extended winters in Wisconsin set strict limitations on the available time for damaging populations to develop on red clover, Trifolium pratense thus assuring the status of these weevils as minor pests.