Digital Commons Network^™

Explicating The Information Vacuum: Stages, Intensifications, And Implications, Eugene Woon, Augustine Pang

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Purpose: Information vacuums (IVs) arise from organizational failure to satisfy the stakeholders’ informational demands during crises. The purpose of this paper is to expand Pang’s (2013) study of the phenomenon of IV by investigating its nature, stages, intensifying factors and resolution. Design/methodology/approach: Print and social media data of five recent international crises with apparent IVs were analyzed. Findings: Poor crisis communications are intensifying factors that induce media hijacks and hypes, distancing, and public confusion. A four-stage model maps the phenomenon into a flow chart describing its development. IV termination begins when organizations either respond with information or provide solutions, results, …

Evan R. Seamone, In The Trenches Of Legal Academia: Recognizing And Responding To The Mental Health Needs Of Law Students Who Have Served In The Nation's Armed Forces, 46 J.L. & Educ. 313 (2017)., Evan R. Seamone

The Journal of Law and Education

No abstract provided.

A Randomized Trial Of Brief Assessment Interventions For Young Adults Who Use Drugs In The Club Scene, Steven P. Kurtz, Mance E. Buttram, Maria E. Pagano, Hilary L. Surratt

Center for Health Services Research Faculty Publications

Background—Efficacious interventions to reduce drug use and its consequences for club drug using populations are not apparent in the literature. We tested interviewer-(CAPI) and self-administered (ACASI) comprehensive health and social risk assessments as distinct interventions compared to waitlist control.

Methods—750 men and women ages 18-39 with multidrug use and heterosexual behavior were randomized in equal proportions to the three conditions. Instrumentation included well-tested measures of drug use, risky sex, mental distress and substance dependence.

Results—The sample was 56% male; mean age=25. Reported risk behaviors and health consequences did not differ by assessment modality. Adjusted HLM analyses showed …

Proteogenomic Analysis Of The Total And Surface-Exposed Proteomes Of Plasmodium Vivax Salivary Gland Sporozoites., Kristian E Swearingen, Scott E Lindner, Erika L Flannery, Ashley M Vaughan, Robert D Morrison, Rapatbhorn Patrapuvich, Cristian Koepfli, Ivo Muller, Aaron Jex, Robert L Moritz, Stefan H I Kappe, Jetsumon Sattabongkot, Sebastian A Mikolajczak

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax cause the majority of human malaria cases. Research efforts predominantly focus on P. falciparum because of the clinical severity of infection and associated mortality rates. However, P. vivax malaria affects more people in a wider global range. Furthermore, unlike P. falciparum, P. vivax can persist in the liver as dormant hypnozoites that can be activated weeks to years after primary infection, causing relapse of symptomatic blood stages. This feature makes P. vivax unique and difficult to eliminate with the standard tools of vector control and treatment of symptomatic blood stage infection with antimalarial drugs. Infection …

Vital Signs, Summer 2017, Boonshoft School Of Medicine

Vital Signs

A forty-four page newsletter created by the Boonshoft School of Medicine to document the current affairs of the school. This issue includes a variety of feature articles, alumni profiles, class notes, and more.

Crispr/Cas: The Molecular Scissors, Manon Pitukpakorn, Somchai Bovornkitti

Asian Medical Journal and Alternative Medicine

No abstract provided.

Effect Of Rickettsia Felis Strain Variation On Infection, Transmission, And Fitness In The Cat Flea (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae), Sean P. Healy, Lisa D. Brown, Melena R. Hagstrom, Lane D. Foil, Kevin R. Macaluso

Faculty Publications

© The Authors 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Entomological Society of America. Rickettsia felis is a human pathogen transmitted by the cat flea, Ctenocephalides felis (Bouché) (str. LSU), as well as an obligate symbiont of the parthenogenic booklouse Liposcelis bostrychophila (Badonnel) (str. LSU-Lb). The influence of genetic variability in these two strains of R. felis on host specialization and fitness and possible resulting differences on infection and transmission kinetics in C. felis is unknown. Utilizing an artificial host system, cat fleas were exposed to a R. felis str. LSU-Lb-infected bloodmeal and monitored for infection at 7-d …

Zika And The Regulatory Regime For Licensing Vaccines For Use During Pregnancy, Sam F. Halabi

Faculty Publications

Microcephaly and other severe fetal brain defects (congenital Zika syndrome) caused by the Zika virus have prompted an urgent effort to develop and license a safe and efficacious vaccine. Yet, that effort has run up against one of the most formidable barriers in vaccine research: pregnant women are almost always excluded from clinical trials for fear that the intervention may harm the fetus. This article analyzes the existing regulatory framework for vaccines intended for use during pregnancy in an effort to identify ways the process may be reconsidered in light of recent public health emergencies that had a disproportionate effect …

Il-4rα On Dendritic Cells In Neonates And Th2 Immunopathology In Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection, Bishwas Shrestha, Dahui You, Jordy Saravia, David T. Siefker, Sridhar Jaligama, Greg I. Lee, Asmaa A. Sallam, Jeffrey N. Harding, Stephania A. Cormier

Faculty Publications

© Society for Leukocyte Biology. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one of the leading causes of bronchiolitis in children, and severe RSV infection early in life has been associated with asthma development. Using a neonatal mouse model, we have shown that down-regulation of IL-4 receptor α (IL-4Rα) with antisense oligonucleotides in the lung during neonatal infection protected from RSV immunopathophysiology. Significant down-regulation of IL-4Rα was observed on pulmonary CD11b+ myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs) suggesting a role for IL-4Rα on mDCs in the immunopathogenesis of neonatal RSV infection. Here, we demonstrated that neonatal CD11b+ mDCs expressed higher levels of IL-4Rα than …

Neutral Genetic Processes Influence Mhc Evolution In Threatened Gopher Tortoises (Gopherus Polyphemus), Jean P. Elbers, Rachel W. Clostio, Sabrina S. Taylor

Faculty Publications

Levels of adaptive genetic variation influence how species deal with environmental and ecological change, but these levels are frequently inferred using neutral genetic markers. Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes play a key role in the adaptive branch of the immune system and have been used extensively to estimate levels of adaptive genetic variation. Parts of the peptide binding region, sites where MHC molecules directly interact with pathogen and self-proteins, were sequenced from a MHC class I (95/441 tortoises) and class II (245/441 tortoises) gene in threatened and nonthreatened populations of gopher tortoises (Gopherus polyphemus), and adaptive genetic variation at MHC …

American Society Of Parasitologists Newsletter, Volume 39, Number 1, Summer 2017, Scott Lyell Gardner

American Society of Parasitologists: Newsletter

Summer 2017 issue of the ASP newsletter.

Bat Community Composition And Monitoring For White-Nose Syndrome At First State National Historical Park, Delaware And Pennsylvania, Juliet Nagel, J. Edward Gates

United States National Park Service: Publications

Abstract

In recent years, bats have faced increasingly deadly threats on multiple fronts. Cave-dwelling bats have been decimated by the emergence of a disease, white-nose syndrome (WNS), caused by a fungal pathogen, Pseudogymnoascus destructans; and tree bats are dying in large numbers at wind power facilities. First State National Historical Park (FRST) is a new national park unit located in northern Delaware and Pennsylvania. Prior to this study, little information was available on bat species and their activity and distribution within FRST. To fill this knowledge gap, we conducted an inventory of bat species present at FRST. We used …

Baystate Health Sciences Library Newsletter - Summer 2017, Baystate Health Sciences Library

Library Newsletters

Health Sciences Library Newsletter - Summer 2017

Recommendations For The Clinical Management Of Patients Receiving Macitentan For Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (Pah): A Delphi Consensus Document, Franck F Rahaghi, Murali M Chakinala, Et Al

2010-2019 OA Pubs

In patients treated with macitentan (Opsumit®, Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Basel, Switzerland) for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), prevention and/or effective management of treatment-related adverse events may improve adherence. However, management of these adverse events can be challenging and the base of evidence and clinical experience for macitentan is limited. In the absence of evidence, consensus recommendations from physicians experienced in using macitentan to treat PAH may benefit patients and physicians who are using macitentan. Consensus recommendations were developed by a panel of physicians experienced with macitentan and PAH using a modified Delphi process. Over three iterations, panelists developed and refined a …

Cross Reactivity Of Immune Responses To Porcine Reproductive And Respiratory Syndrome Virus Infection, Ignacio Correas, Fernando A. Osorio, David Steffen, Asit K. Pattnaik, Hiep L. X. Vu

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Because porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) exhibits extensive genetic variation among field isolates, characterizing the extent of cross reactivity of immune responses, and most importantly cell-mediated immunity (CMI), could help in the development of broadly cross-protective vaccines. We infected 12 PRRSV-naïve pigs with PRRSV strain FL12 and determined the number of interferon (IFN)-γ secreting cells (SC) by ELISpot assay using ten type 2 and one type 1 PRRSV isolates as recall antigens. The number of IFN-γ SC was extremely variable among animals, and with exceptions, late to appear. Cross reactivity of IFN-γ SC among type 2 isolates was …

Undergraduate And Graduate Course Descriptions, 2017 Summer, Wright State University

Course Descriptions

Wright State University undergraduate and graduate course descriptions from Summer 2017.

Attenuating The Side Effects Of Caloric Restriction Through Exercise And Increased Protein Intake, Jay A. Petersen

Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

The effects of caloric restriction (CR) on weight loss and health outcomes are documented, but few controlled studies have addressed its effect on performance. Fat free mass (FFM) is reduced during CR, which may impair performance. The purpose of this thesis was to explore the capacity of these strategies to attenuate the side-effects of calorie-restricted weight loss: Exercise, which preserves FFM during CR, may be employed to maintain performance in an energy-deficient state, and a high protein intake may work in combination with exercise to further protect FFM and performance. Two studies were utilized to address this purpose. In study …

Introduction To Biological Principles (Georgia Tech), Chrissy Spencer, Jung Choi, Shana Kerr

Biological Sciences Grants Collections

This Grants Collection for Introduction to Biological Principles was created under a Round Three ALG Textbook Transformation Grant.

Affordable Learning Georgia Grants Collections are intended to provide faculty with the frameworks to quickly implement or revise the same materials as a Textbook Transformation Grants team, along with the aims and lessons learned from project teams during the implementation process.

Documents are in .pdf format, with a separate .docx (Word) version available for download. Each collection contains the following materials:

• Linked Syllabus
• Initial Proposal
• Final Report

Fresh From The Farm: Regulating Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations For Antibiotic Abuse In Tennessee, Elizabeth B. Stagich

University of Memphis Law Review

No abstract provided.

Crystal Structure Of Yersinia Pestis Virulence Factor Yfea Reveals Two Polyspecific Metal-Binding Sites, Christopher D. Radka, Lawrence J. Delucas, Landon S. Wilson, Matthew B. Lawrenz, Robert D. Perry, Stephen G. Aller

Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics Faculty Publications

Gram-negative bacteria use siderophores, outer membrane receptors, inner membrane transporters and substrate-binding proteins (SBPs) to transport transition metals through the periplasm. The SBPs share a similar protein fold that has undergone significant structural evolution to communicate with a variety of differentially regulated transporters in the cell. In Yersinia pestis, the causative agent of plague, YfeA (YPO2439, y1897), an SBP, is important for full virulence during mammalian infection. To better understand the role of YfeA in infection, crystal structures were determined under several environmental conditions with respect to transition-metal levels. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and anomalous X-ray scattering data show that …

Equine Arteritis Virus Has Specific Tropism For Stromal Cells And Cd8+ T And Cd21+ B Lymphocytes But Not For Glandular Epithelium At The Primary Site Of Persistent Infection In The Stallion Reproductive Tract, Mariano Carossino, Alan T. Loynachan, Igor F. Canisso, Richard Frank Cook, Juliana Roberta Campos, Bora Nam, Yun Young Go, Edward L. Squires, Mats H. T. Troedsson, Thomas W. Swerczek, Fabio Del Piero, Ernest F. Bailey, Peter J. Timoney, Udeni B. R. Balasuriya

Veterinary Science Faculty Publications

Equine arteritis virus (EAV) has a global impact on the equine industry as the causative agent of equine viral arteritis (EVA), a respiratory, systemic, and reproductive disease of equids. A distinctive feature of EAV infection is that it establishes long-term persistent infection in 10 to 70% of infected stallions (carriers). In these stallions, EAV is detectable only in the reproductive tract, and viral persistence occurs despite the presence of high serum neutralizing antibody titers. Carrier stallions constitute the natural reservoir of the virus as they continuously shed EAV in their semen. Although the accessory sex glands have been implicated as …

Mk2 Promotes Colorectal Cancer Development, Invasion, And Growth Through Mk2-Induced Cytokines, Anita Lynne Ray

Biomedical Sciences ETDs

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common malignancy in the United States for men and women. A major risk factor for CRC development and progression is inflammation, in particular the inflammatory cytokines IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-α. These proteins promote critical cancer functions, such as proliferation, invasion, survival, and migration. Control of inflammation is one potential area of therapeutic intervention for some cancers. Because signaling of these cytokines overlaps in many of the same pathways, targets upstream of protein production could prove an effective strategy to reduce inflammation. MAPK-activated protein kinase 2 (MK2) pathway controls production of these cytokines within …

Climate Change And Infectious Diseases, Phornphan Sornchuer

Asian Medical Journal and Alternative Medicine

Climate change affects human beings in many different ways, directly and indirectly. It is occurring as a result of warming of the earth’s atmosphere due to human activity generating excess amounts of greenhouse gases. The accumulation of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere generates changes in the climate. Indeed various studies have assessed the potential impacts of climate change on human health including on the burden and distribution of infectious diseases. The infectious diseases that will be most affected by climate change include those that are spread by insect vectors (vector-borne diseases) and by contaminated water (water-borne diseases). Understanding of the …

Metabolite Profiling Of Infection-Associated Metabolic Markers Of Onchocerciasis., Sasisekhar Bennuru, Sara Lustigman, David Abraham, Thomas B. Nutman

Department of Microbiology and Immunology Faculty Papers

The global efforts for onchocerciasis elimination may require additional tools (safe micro and macrofilaricidal drugs, vaccines and biomarkers) as elimination efforts move toward the "end game". Efforts toward the identification of suitable biomarkers have focused on specific protein(s) and/or nucleic acids, but metabolites present an alternative option as they have limited half-lives and are the result of combinatorial effects. In comparison to previously used methodology of LC-MS for metabolomic approaches, we used a non-targeted capillary electrophoresis time-of-flight mass spectrometry (CE-TOFMS) to analyze the serum metabolic profiles of Ov-infected and -uninfected individuals (n=20). We identified 286 known metabolites (167 in the …

State Requirements For Childhood Vaccination Exemption Forms In The United States, Katherine Elizabeth Hill

Theses and Dissertations

In the United States, children must be vaccinated in order to attend school, although parents also have the right to request a vaccine exemption. The type of vaccine exemption varies by state but can include exemption for religious, philosophical, medical, and temporary medical reasons. The purpose of this research was to identify the use of provider signature requirements and fees in states during the vaccine exemption process. A questionnaire was sent to immunization managers in the 50 United States, District of Columbia, the United States Indian Health Service, and eight United States territories. The managers were asked if their states …

Leveraging Partnerships In Order To Increase Notifiable Disease Reporting, Jessica Grippo, Amber Erickson

Journal of the Georgia Public Health Association

Background: Notifiable disease reporting, although required by law, does not always occur. For this reason, it is crucial for local public health agencies to leverage new partnerships for reporting of notifiable diseases. Schools represent sites within communities that experience relatively high numbers of cases of notifiable disease and clusters of illness. By leveraging partnerships with schools, an increase in disease reporting can occur within communities.

Methods: DeKalb County Board of Health has developed an infectious disease protocol for the two major school systems in the county and one large private school: DeKalb County School District, City Schools of Decatur and …

Revealing The Phytochemical Profile And Antioxidant Potential Of A Medicinal Folklore: Bombax Ceiba L., Syeda Saniya Zahra Miss., Hafiz Tahsin Ullah Jan, Adila Nazli, Syeda Tayyaba Batool Kazmi, Humaira Fatima Miss.

Journal of Bioresource Management

Current study intends to investigate the extraction yield, phytochemical analysis and antioxidant potential of selected plant by executing a wide range of in vitro assays. This was done to suggest the most proficient solvent system and plant part for isolation and purification of probable bioactive leads. The colorimetric estimation of total phenolic, flavonoid contents, total antioxidant capacity, total reducing power and free radical scavenging activity was done. The specific polyphenols were quantified by RP-HPLC analysis. The present findings proved acetone and methanol (AC:M) extract of root bark part as an enriched source of antioxidant phytochemicals. The highest amount of rutin …

Term Neonate With Atypical Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy Presentation: A Case Report., Nick Townley, Emily Mcnellis, Venkatesh Sampath

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

We describe a case of atypical hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) in a neonate following a normal pregnancy and delivery who was found to have an umbilical vein thrombosis. The infant arrived to our center with continuous bicycling movement of her lower extremities. She had a continuous electroencephalogram that showed burst suppression and magnetic resonance imaging of the brain showed diffusely abnormal cerebral cortical/subcortical diffusion restriction which may be secondary hypoxic-ischemic injury. Interestingly, a pathology report noted a focal umbilical vein thrombosis appearing to have compressed an umbilical artery with associated arterial dissection and hematoma. Our case illustrates how umbilical venous or …

Generating Enzyme And Radical‐Mediated Bisubstrates As Tools For Investigating Gcn5‐Related N‐Acetyltransferases, Cory T. Reidl, Karolina A. Majorek, Joseph Dang, David Tran, Kristen Jew, Melissa Law, Yasmine Payne, Wladek Minor, Daniel P. Becker, Misty L. Kuhn

Chemistry: Faculty Publications and Other Works

Gcn5‐related N‐acetyltransferases (GNATs) are found in all kingdoms of life and catalyze important acyl transfer reactions in diverse cellular processes. While many 3D structures of GNATs have been determined, most do not contain acceptor substrates in their active sites. To expand upon existing crystallographic strategies for improving acceptor‐bound GNAT structures, we synthesized peptide substrate analogs and reacted them with CoA in PA4794 protein crystals. We found two separate mechanisms for bisubstrate formation: (a) a novel X‐ray induced radical‐mediated alkylation of CoA with an alkene peptide and (b) direct alkylation of CoA with a halogenated peptide. Our approach is widely …

Mortality In Patients With Respiratory And Nonrespiratory Carbapenem Resistant-Multidrug Resistant Acinetobacter Infections, Nosheen Nasir, S Mahmood

Department of Medicine

Background: Mortality from carbapenem-multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter infections may vary according to site of infection. The objective of this study was to compare mortality in respiratory vs. non-respiratory infection with Carbapenem-Multi-drug Resistant Acinetobacter (C-MRAB).

Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study to compare mortality rate in patients with respiratory vs. nonrespiratory infection (n=30 each).

Results: Results showed that mortality was 40% in the respiratory group compared to 23% in non-respiratory group; the difference was not statistically significant (p=0.165, RR=1.71, CI=0.73-3.75). There was a significantly higher prior admission rate in patients with respiratory infection (p=0.028). Logistic regression did not reveal any modifier …