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A Closer Look At Angiitis Of The Central Nervous System, Cheng Wan, Hua Su

Neurosciences

Angiitis of the central nervous system (ACNS) is a rather new disease entity that is defined as vascular inflammation limited to the central nervous system and was formally nominated in 1959. Etiologically, it can be divided into primary and secondary ACNS. However, the potential pathogenesis of ACNS remains unclear. The clinical presentation is variable, and there is no consensus concerning its diagnosis and management. Although the incidence is relatively low, ACNS is still a life-threatening condition. It is essential to get a comprehensive and updated understanding of the disease. In this paper, we reviewed the history, definition, classification, pathogenesis, and …

Who Recommends 29 Ways To Stop Surgical Infections And Avoid Superbugs

Neurosciences

No abstract provided.

Who Publishes List Of Bacteria For Which New Antibiotics Are Urgently Needed

Neurosciences

No abstract provided.

Expansion Of Comprehensive Screening Of Male Sexually Transmitted Infection Clinic Attendees With Mycoplasma Genitalium And Trichomonas Vaginalis Molecular Assessment: A Retrospective Analysis, Erik Munson, David Wenten, Sheila Jhansale, Mary Kay Schuknecht, Nicki Pantuso, Joshua Gerritts, Aaron Steward, Kimber L. Munson, Maureen Napierala, Deb Hamer

Clinical Lab Sciences Faculty Research and Publications

Of 1,493 encounters of males at a sexually transmitted infection (STI) clinic in a community with a high prevalence of STI, Chlamydia trachomatis was detected in 8.7% and Neisseria gonorrhoeae was detected in 6.6%. Additional Trichomonas vaginalis and Mycoplasma genitalium screening found 17.4% and 23.9% of the encounters, respectively, to be positive for STI. STI agents were detected in 13.7% of urine specimens; addition of pharyngeal and rectal collections to the analysis resulted in detection of STI agents in 19.0% and 23.9% of encounters, respectively. A total of 101 (23.8%) encounters of identified STI involved sole detection of M. genitalium. …

A Survey Of Β-Lactam Antibiotic Resistance Genes And Culturable Ampicillin Resistant Bacteria In Minnesota Soils, Emily M. Wollmuth

Departmental Honors Projects

Since the discovery of penicillin, antibiotics have been an essential tool in the treatment of bacterial infections and diseases. It is estimated that antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes have existed for billions of years. With the increasing appearance of resistant pathogenic bacteria, there has been growing concern. β-lactam antibiotics make up the largest portion of the global market, so resistance to these antibiotics is especially alarming. It has been theorized that frequency and type of antibiotic resistance genes vary by area. Previous studies suggest that these differences may be related to antibiotic use in agricultural and urban areas. To survey …

Antibiotic Resistance Genes In Minnesota Soil Bacteria From Areas Of High And Low Ferric Iron, Gunner L. Drossel, Presley Martin Phd

Departmental Honors Projects

Naturally-occurring antibiotic resistance genes in soil bacteria represent a potentially important reservoir of genes that could contribute to antibiotic resistance of human pathogens. It has been reported that over 40 genes in bacterial genomes are controlled by concentrations of ferric iron. We examined the effect of soil metal content on the level of resistance to two antibiotics, ampicillin (Amp) and tetracycline (Tet), and the presence of multiple genes that code for efflux pump-mediated resistance. These pumps act to export toxins (e.g. heavy metals and antibiotics, perhaps). Because of this, growth in heavy metal-contaminated soils might select for antibiotic resistance. Ninety-six …

Evolutionary History Of A Large-Genome Salamander Across Five Disjunct Regions Of The Southeastern United States, Catherine Elizabeth Newman

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

The southeastern United States has a dynamic geologic history. Mountain range uplift, sea level fluctuations, and river basin evolution have shaped species geographic distributions in the region. My dissertation objectively identifies amphibian species with highly fragmented distributions in the Southeast (Chapter 2) and examines the phylogeographic history of one of those species, Plethodon serratus. This salamander species has a widely disjunct range across five regions: the Appalachians, the Ozarks, the Ouachitas, and two allopatric sites in Louisiana. Analyses of mitochondrial and nuclear loci (Chapter 3) showed that P. serratus is comprised of multiple genetic lineages, and the five regions are …

Microscopic Evaluations Of Bone In Equine And Muroid Models, Heather Ashley Richbourg

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

The use of advanced imaging techniques has greatly improved orthopedic research and education. Histology of bone is a method of evaluating bone morphology, bony cells, and bone remodeling in two-dimensions, while micro-computed tomography (microCT) is a three-dimensional analysis of bone morphology. Combined, these methods assist in providing a comprehensive analysis of bone. In this dissertation, these techniques were utilized to answer questions currently outstanding in veterinary medicine: the effect of bisphosphonates on equine bone, and variation in murine tarsal anatomy. Bisphosphonates are drugs that reduce osteoclast-mediated bone resorption and have recently been approved for the use in horses. Despite prolific …

Parents Of Children Who Had Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy: A Mixed-Methods, Exploratory Study, Natalene Kramer

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Background: There is scant literature addressing the parents of children who had hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). therefore only inferences may be made as to issues of that experience affecting parents.

Purpose: The purposes of this study was to uncover the lived experiences of parents of children who had HIE, evaluate issues of stress, depression, coping, and impact of neurologic disability in order to better care for them and thus their families

Methods: A parallel, convergent mixed-methods design was used to explore experiences and perceptions of these parents regarding their experiences and life changes. The quantitative strand addressed four research questions which …

Maine Medical Center Research Institute: 2017 Year In Review, Maine Medical Center Research Institute

Annual Reports

Annual Report: Bench to Bedside to Community, Basic Research->Translational & Clinical Research->Patient-Centered Outcomes Research

Time For A Change: 20 Years After The "Working Group" Principles, Barbara Cox

Faculty Scholarship

This article discusses three aspects of the Association of American Law Schools (AALS) Section on Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity’s history. First, it reviews the section’s activities at the 1992 AALS Annual Meeting. Second, it discusses how the AALS implemented its Bylaw and Executive Committee Regulations that prohibit discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation (and now gender identity after a recent revision). Finally, it encourages the AALS to discontinue use of some of the guidelines adopted in the early 1990s to guide its interactions with religiously affiliated law schools when conflicts arise concerning allegations of sexual orientation or gender …

Outlook Magazine, Spring 2017

Outlook Magazine

No abstract provided.

Recent Developments In Climate Justice, Randall S. Abate, Rachel Jean-Baptiste, Maria Antonia Tigre, Patricia Ferreira, Wil Burns

Journal Publications

Climate justice can be defined generally as addressing the disproportionate burden of climate change impacts on poor and marginalized communities. It seeks to promote more equitable allocation of these burdens at the local, national, and global levels through proactive regulatory initiatives and reactive judicial remedies that draw on international human rights and domestic environmental justice theories. Yet, efforts to define climate justice as a field of inquiry remain elusive and underinclusive; a recent book, Climate Justice: Case Studies in Global and Regional Governance Challenges (ELI Press 2016), seeks to fill that void by providing an overview of the landscape of …

Humboldt Journal Of Microbiology: Volume 19, Number 1- May 2017, Press Humboldt

Humboldt Journal of Microbiology

No abstract provided.

Simulating Foodborne Pathogens In Poultry Production And Processing To Defend Against Intentional Contamination, S. Lankford, D. R. Thompson, S. C. Ricke

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

There is a lack of data in recent history of food terrorism attacks, and as such, it is difficult to predict its impact. The food supply industry is one of the most vulnerable industries for terrorist threats while the poultry industry is one of the largest food industries in the United States. A small food terrorism attack against a single poultry processing center has the potential to affect a much larger human population than its immediate consumers. In this work, the spread of foodborne pathogens is simulated in a poultry production and processing system to defend against intentional contamination. An …

Contributions Of Myd88-Dependent Receptors And Cd11c-Positive Cells To Corneal Epithelial Barrier Function Against Pseudomonas Aeruginosa, Matteo M. E. Metruccio, Connie Tam, David J. Evans, Anna L. Xie, Michael E. Stern, Suzanne M. J. Fleiszig

Faculty Publications & Research of the TUC College of Pharmacy

Previously we reported that corneal epithelial barrier function against Pseudomonas aeruginosa was MyD88-dependent. Here, we explored contributions of MyD88-dependent receptors using vital mouse eyes and confocal imaging. Uninjured IL-1R (−/−) or TLR4 (−/−) corneas, but not TLR2 (−/−), TLR5 (−/−), TLR7 (−/−), or TLR9 (−/−), were more susceptible to P. aeruginosa adhesion than wild-type (3.8-fold, 3.6-fold respectively). Bacteria adherent to the corneas of IL-1R (−/−) or TLR5 (−/−) mice penetrated beyond the epithelial surface only if the cornea was superficially-injured. Bone marrow chimeras showed that bone marrow-derived cells contributed to IL-1R-dependent barrier function. In vivo, but not ex vivo …

The Current Volume Summer 2017, Nova Southeastern University

Student Newspapers

No abstract provided.

Scholarly Quality Improvement Project To Reduce Hospitalization Rates Due To Pneumonia In The Nursing Home Population, Bertha Carrion

Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP)

Problem: Medicare and Medicaid eligible nursing home residents are susceptible to being admitted to hospital settings unnecessarily due to lack of evidence-based pneumonia protocol in this setting. Research Question: In seniors living in nursing homes, will implementing the clinical protocol suggested in this project reduce the pneumonia hospitalization rates in nursing home residents participating in this study in contrast to those not participating in a three-month period? Theoretical Framework: The theoretical framework comes from Betty Neuman’s Systems Model. Patients living a nursing home have many weak defenses, are vulnerable, and in risk of mortality. The nurse practitioners along with the …

Genetic Diversity Study, Expression And Immunocharacterization Of Plasmodium Knowlesi Merozoite Surface Protein-3 (Msp-3) In Escherichia /Jeremy Ryan De Silva, De Silva Jeremy Ryan

Student Works (2010-2019)

Malaria is an infectious disease that causes considerable mortality and morbidity globally each year. The Merozoite Surface Protein-3 (MSP-3) is a multigene family of proteins that is found on the surface of the Plasmodium merozoite. Multiple paralogs of the gene can be found in Plasmodium parasites and orthologs of this gene have also been identified in many different species of Plasmodium including P. knowlesi. In this study, 23 P. knowlesi clinical isolates were studied to evaluate genetic diversity, polymorphisms and natural selection acting on the P. knowlesi MSP-3 (pkmsp3) gene. The pkmsp3 gene which contains a signal peptide, an alanine …

Mathematical Modelling Of Tuberculosis Transmission And Impact Of Isoniazid Preventive Therapy In Malaysia / Nurhuda Ismail, Ismail Nurhuda

Student Works (2010-2019)

Tuberculosis remains one of the highest unresolved disease burden among re-emerging diseases in Malaysia for the last thirty years. The current treatment protocol guideline emphasizes treatment for only infectious tuberculosis patients. This study aimed to investigate tuberculosis transmission dynamics exclusive to the Malaysian environment and characteristics. This study applied the infectious disease modelling techniques to study the progression of latent tuberculosis infection and assess the likely impact of Isoniazid Preventive Therapy for latent tuberculosis high risk subpopulations in reducing tuberculosis incidence in Malaysia. Methods: This study explored the epidemiology of tuberculosis in Malaysia to develop a deterministic compartmental age-structured tuberculosis …

Predictors Of Pneumococcal Carriage And The Effect Of The 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccination In The Western Australian Aboriginal Population, Deirdre A. Collins, Anke Hoskins, Thomas Snelling, Kalpani Senasinghe, Jacinta Bowman, Natalie A. Stemberger, Amanda J. Leach, Deborah Lehmann

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Background

The 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) was introduced to prevent invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in Western Australian (WA) Aboriginal people in 2001. PCV13 replaced PCV7 in July 2011, covering six additional pneumococcal serotypes; however, IPD rates remained high in Aboriginal people in WA. Upper respiratory tract pneumococcal carriage can precede IPD, and PCVs alter serotype distribution.

Methods

To assess the impact of PCV13 introduction, identify emerging serotypes, and assess risk factors for carriage, nasopharyngeal swabs and information on demographic characteristics, health, medication and living conditions from Aboriginal children and adults across WA from August 2008 to November 2014 were …

Barriers And Facilitators Of Linkage To Hiv Care Among Hiv-Infected Young Chinese Men Who Have Sex With Men: A Qualitative Study, Haochu Li, Chongyi Wei, Joseph Tucker, Dianmin Kang, Meizhen Liao, Eleanor Holroyd, Jietao Zheng, Qian Qi, Wei Ma

School of Nursing & Midwifery, East Africa

Background: The Four Free and One Care Policy (HIV/AIDS-related free services) has been in place in China since 2004. However, linkage to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) care is not yet achieved very well among people living with HIV. We conducted a qualitative study to explore individual and contextual factors that may influence a linkage to HIV care from the perspective of young HIV-infected men who have sex with men (MSM) in a highly centralized HIV care context of China.

Methods: Purposive sampling was used to recruit 21 HIV-infected MSM in Shandong Province, with in-depth interviews conducted between March and July …

Investigation Of The Presence Of Mycoplasma As An Etiologic Agent Of Inflammatory Airway Diseases In Thoroughbred Racehorses In İstanbul Province, Alper Mete, Naci̇ye Yakut Özgür

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Mycoplasma equirhinis and Mycoplasma felis are thought to be infectious etiologic agents of inflammatory airway disease (IAD), which, after musculoskeletal injuries, is the second most common cause of poor performance in thoroughbred racehorses. The aims of this study were to investigate for the first time the presence of M. equirhinis, M. felis, and other Mycoplasma spp. in the lower respiratory tract of racehorses in İstanbul Province in Turkey and to statistically evaluate the association between clinical signs of IAD and the presence of mycoplasmas. Tracheal wash (TW) samples were collected from 111 English and Arabian thoroughbred horses that showed clinical …

The Protective Efficacy Of Immunoglobulin Y From Immunized Chickens Against Salmonella Infections In Mice, Hasan Hüseyi̇n Hadi̇mli̇, Zafer Sayin, Gökçenur Sani̇oğlu Gölen

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of immunoglobulin Y (IgY) obtained from chickens immunized with Salmonella vaccines. Chickens were vaccinated three times with inactivated monovalent, bivalent, and combined vaccines. Immunized hen eggs were collected after the third vaccination and IgYs were purified. In total, 100 mice were orally challenged with Salmonella serotypes. After the challenge, IgYs were orally administered to mice. Mice were observed for morbidity and mortality. Fecal samples from the mice were also cultured for the reisolation of Salmonella serotypes. The antibody titers in the serum samples of vaccinated chickens were higher than those …

The Importance Of Routine Bedside Biliary Ultrasonography In The Management Of Patients Admitted To The Emergency Department With Isolated Acute Epigastric Pain, Vermi̇ Değerli̇, Tanzer Korkmaz, Hülya Mollamehmetoğlu, Cem Ertan

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: The aim of our study was to emphasize the importance of routine bedside biliary ultrasonography (USG) for the differential diagnosis of biliary tract disorders in patients admitted with acute isolated epigastric pain. Materials and methods: Adult patients who were admitted to the emergency department with acute isolated epigastric pain were included in the study. Emergency residents (ERs) were asked whether they planned to perform biliary USG during the initial evaluation and following diagnosis/treatment (secondary evaluation) of these patients. Bedside biliary USG examinations were performed by a sonologist and a radiologist evaluated the video recordings. Results: A total of 103 …

Antibacterial Resistance Patterns And Incidence Of Hospital-Acquired Staphylococcus Aureus Bacteremia In A Tertiary Care Educational Hospital In Turkey: A Perspective From 2001 To 2013, Oğuz Reşat Si̇pahi̇, Serhat Uysal, Sabi̇re Şöhret Aydemi̇r, Hüsnü Pullukçu, Meltem Taşbakan, Alper Tünger, Fatma Feri̇ha Çi̇lli̇, Tansu Yamazhan, Bi̇lgi̇n Arda, Hi̇lal Si̇pahi̇, Sercan Ulusoy

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: Staphylococcus aureus is an important nosocomial pathogen and a successful antimicrobial-resistance developer. In this study we retrospectively evaluated the resistance patterns and incidence of microbiologically confirmed nosocomial bacteremia (MCNB) related S. aureus strains between 2001 and 2013. Materials and methods: Any patient in whom S. aureus was isolated in at least one set of blood cultures (sent to the bacteriology laboratory 72 h after hospital admission) was considered to have MCNB. Results: The methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) rate in 2001 was 73.8% whereas it was 36.2% in 2013. When the 2001-2003 and 2011?2013 periods were compared, resistance to oxacillin, …

The Comparison Of Various Disinfectants? Efficacy On Staphylococcus Aureus And Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Biofilm Layers, Hati̇ce Köse, Nur Yapar

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: Because biofilms are resistant to antibiotics and biocides, they usually cause chronic persistent infections, which are arduous to cure and have high mortality and morbidity. Our study aimed to investigate the efficiency of orthophthalaldehyde, peracetic acid, hydrogen peroxide, and sodium hypochlorite on Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus biofilm layers and live microbial cells. Materials and methods: Biofilm layers were determined by crystal violet assay and live microbial cells were determined using a resazurin assay. Results: For Pseudomonas aeruginosa, sodium hypochlorite showed the most influential disinfection because it diminished 83.6% of the biofilm layer and decreased 99.7% of live microbial …

Sleep Disturbance And Serum Ferritin Levels Associate With High Impulsivity And Impulse Control Disorders In Male Parkinson's Disease Patients, R Anderton, M Byrnes, A Jefferson, S Walters, S Ghosh, R Stell, F Mastaglia

Health Sciences Papers and Journal Articles

Impulse control disorders (ICDs) occur in a subset of Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients on dopaminergic medications however there are currently no reliable markers to identify patients at risk. Sleep disturbances are more common in patients with an ICD. Serum ferritin levels have been associated with PD disease stage and progression, but have not previously been associated with impulsivity levels. The objective of this study was to determine if serum ferritin levels and sleep disturbance are associated with high traits of impulsivity and ICD in a cohort of PD patients attending a movement disorders clinic. This study assessed impulsiveness in 87 …

South Africa: Combatting The Rise Of Hiv In Adolescents, Ryan Northrup

Posters

Describes a global health learning experience in South Africa in 2017, focused on educating teenagers in schools about sexual health and AIDS prevention.

Discrete Time Structured Models And Their Dynamics For Interactive Wild And Sterile Mosquitoes And Malaria Transmissions, Yang Li

Dissertations

Mosquito-borne diseases, including malaria, transmitted between human beings by blood-feeding mosquitoes, have been big concerns for the public health. No vaccines are available. An effective way to prevent such diseases is to control the amount of mosquitoes. The Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) is indeed a method of biological control. Mathematical models have proven useful in gaining insights into challenging questions in population dynamics and epidemiology. The objectives in this dissertation is to formulate new models for interactive wild and sterile mosquitoes so that the dynamics are relatively simpler and mathematically more tractable, but the fundamental model features are snatched. Instead …