Digital Commons Network^™

Clostridium Difficile, Ryan Osborn

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Clostridium Difficile infection (CDI) is an antibiotic resistant bacterium that is widely recognized and currently noted to be the "most common and costly healthcare associated infection in the United States" (Abt, McKenney & Pamer, 2016). The topic of CDI is important to discuss, as this infection can attack all patient populations especially those following antibiotic treatment. A disruption in a person's intestinal microbiota is known to place them at higher risk for CDI (Abt, McKenney & Pamer, 2016). Becoming infected with this bacterium leads to symptoms of diarrhea, bloating, belly pain, and occasionally fevers. The growing prevalence, antibiotic resistance associated …

Hiv/Aids, Rachel Muir

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a disease in which the virus attacks and depletes the CD4+ T cells leading to a weakened immune system in which a pMersin can no longer fight pathogens. This weakening of the person's immune system makes them more susceptible to opportunistic infections and malignancies (Coffin & Swanstrom, 2017). In the initial acute HIV infection period the person usually does not show symptoms but is highly infectious which can allow for transmission unknowingly (Center for Disease Control and PrevenBon, 2017). HIV can eventually progress to AIDS without treatment. Admission to the hospital can expose this person …

The Effect Of Gram-Positive Staphylococcus Aureus Cell Wall Components Lipoteichoic Acid And Peptidoglycan On Cytokine Production, Cytoskeletal Arrangement, And Cell Viability On Raw 264.7 Murine Macrophages, Gabrielle String

Browse all Theses and Dissertations

In this study, gram positive Staphylococcus aureus cell wall components such as lipoteichoic acid (LTA) and peptidoglycan (PGN) were used to study the potential inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine response, cytoskeletal arrangement and cell viability on RAW264.7 murine macrophages over 24 hours. The effect of S.aureus LTA and PGN (5 µg/mL) on RAW 264.7 macrophages was evaluated every six hours for twenty-four hours. Inflammatory cytokine (TNF-a) production peaked at 6 hours before decreasing over time. Anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10) production peaked between 12 and 18 hours. During the first twenty-four hours, cytotoxicity of treated macrophages, as defined as the release of lactate …

Effects Of Socs1 And Socs3 Peptide Mimetics On Macrophage Phagocytosis Of Malignant Cells, Colt Dylan Capan

Browse all Theses and Dissertations

Macrophages play a key role in both the innate and adaptive immune system responses to foreign materials. Suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins are known as regulators of the immune response through various JAK/STAT pathways. This study examined the roles of SOCS1 and SOCS3 peptide mimetics on the phagocytosis of fluorescently labeled malignant target cell by RAW264.7 murine macrophages. The malignant cells used were Neuro-2a cells, a murine neuroblastoma cell line. A prominent "eat me" signal found in neuroblastoma cells is calreticulin (CRT), which permits macrophages to recognize and then phagocytize the malignant cells. When M1 (pro-inflammatory) polarized macrophages were …

Hpslyd Inducing Cdx2 And Vil1 Expression Mediated Through Tctp Protein May Contribute To Intestinal Metaplasia In The Stomach, Qiuping Li, Yanmei Zhu, Jun Liu, Xiuwen Yu, Moye Chen, Nannan Dong, Yuehua Gong, Yuan Yuan

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Helicobacter pylori infection is the most important risk factor for gastric intestinal metaplasia (IM). Our previous study demonstrated that infection with H. pylori HpslyD-positive strains associated with IM. To further investigate the signalling pathway involved in HpSlyD-induced IM, CDX2 and VIL1 expressions were determined before and after HpSlyD application. TCTP was knocked down by siRNA or overexpressed by plasmid transfection. An HpSlyD binding protein was used to block HpSlyD’s enzymatic activity. The expression of CDX2 and TCTP in gastric diseases was measured by immunohistochemistry. Our results showed HpSlyD induced CDX2 and VIL1 expressions. TCTP protein expression was markedly increased …

Family Child Care Home Providers As Role Models For Children: Cause For Concern?, Alison Tovar, Amber E. Vaughn, Anna Grummon, Regan Burney, Temitope Erinisho, Truls Østbye, Dianne S. Ward

Nutrition Faculty Publications

Health behaviors associated with chronic disease, particularly healthy eating and regular physical activity, are important role modeling opportunities for individuals working in child care programs. Prior studies have not explored these risk factors in family child care home (FCCH) providers which care for vulnerable and at-risk populations. To address this gap, we describe the socio-demographic and health risk behavior profiles in a sample of providers (n = 166 FCCH) taken from baseline data of an ongoing cluster-randomized controlled intervention (2011–2016) in North Carolina. Data were collected during on-site visits where providers completed self-administered questionnaires (socio-demographics, physical activity, fruit and vegetable …

Environmental Factors Affecting Survival Of Immature Ixodes Scapularis And Implications For Geographical Distribution Of Lyme Disease: The Climate/Behavior Hypothesis, Howard S. Ginsberg, Marisa Albert, Lixis Acevedo, Mwgan C. Dyer, Isis M. Arsnoe, Jean I. Tsao, Thomas N. Mather, Roger A. Lebrun

Plant Sciences and Entomology Faculty Publications

Recent reports suggest that host-seeking nymphs in southern populations of Ixodes scapularis remain below the leaf litter surface, while northern nymphs seek hosts on leaves and twigs above the litter surface. This behavioral difference potentially results in decreased tick contact with humans in the south, and fewer cases of Lyme disease. We studied whether north-south differences in tick survival patterns might contribute to this phenomenon. Four month old larvae resulting from a cross between Wisconsin males and South Carolina females died faster under southern than under northern conditions in the lab, as has previously been reported for ticks from both …

Remedying Stigma-Driven Health Disparities In Sexual Minorities, Valarie K. Blake

Scholarly Works

This paper explores the health harms of stigma in both patient-provider relationships and health insurer arrangements, before turning to legal solutions to combat healthcare discrimination on the basis of sex. It argues that Section 1557 of the Affordable Care Act is aptly designed to remedy stigma against sexual minorities in healthcare and has already done significant work to that end. This article also discusses the implications of repeal of either the ACA or Section 1557.

Annual Report, 2016-2017, Mack-Blackwell National Rural Transportation Study Center (U.S.)

Mack Blackwell Rural Transportation Center Annual Report

No abstract provided.

Comment On “Mathematical Modeling Towards The Dynamical Interaction Of Leptospirosis”, Abid Ali Lashari

Applied Mathematics & Information Sciences

The aim of this note is to clearly expose the erroneous results concerning the backward bifurcation and stability in the recent literature of mathematical biology. Correct value of the basic reproduction number in [2] is also provided.

Global Stability Of A Delayed Hiv-1 Model With Saturations Response, Nigar Ali, Gul Zaman, M. Ikhlaq Chohan

Applied Mathematics & Information Sciences

In this article, an HIV-1 infection dynamical model with saturation response including two continuous delays is presented. One delay represents the latent period between the time of contact of virus particles with targeted cells and the time of entering into the cells. While the other delay is used for the period of production of new virions that release from the infected cells. The basic reproduction number R0 is investigated and proved that if R0 ≤ 1, the infection-free equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable. However, if R0 > 1, then an infected equilibrium occurs which is globally asymptotically stable. The analytical and …

Research And Creative Activity, July 1, 2016-June 30, 2017: Major Sponsored Programs And Faculty Awards For Research And Creative Activity, University Of Nebraska-Lincoln, Office Of Research And Economic Development, University Of Nebraska-Lincoln

Office of Research and Economic Development: Publications

Introduction by Steve Goddard, Interim Vice Chancellor for Research and Economic Development, University of Nebraska-Lincoln:

This booklet highlights successes in research, scholarship and creative activity of the University of Nebraska–Lincoln faculty during the fiscal year July 1, 2016-June 30, 2017.

It lists investigators, project titles and funding sources on major grants and sponsored program awards received during the year; fellowships and other recognitions and honors bestowed on our faculty; books published by faculty; performances, exhibitions and other creative activity by our faculty; and intellectual property licenses and patents issued for the products of Nebraska research.

This booklet is an impressive …

Can They Do That?: The Limits Of Governmental Power Over Medical Treatment, Paul Mclaughlin

Scholarly Works

No abstract provided.

Special Topic 4: Cancer And Chemical Carcinogenesis, Gordon Gribble

Chemistry 52, Gordon Gribble lectures on Special Topics

No abstract provided.

Osteopathic Medicine Program 2017, Nova Southeastern University

Health Professions Divisions Course Catalogs and Course Descriptions

No abstract provided.

Modeling And Statistical Issues Related To Salmonella In Low Water Activity Foods, Sofia M. Santillana Farakos, Michelle Danyluk, Donald Schaffner, Régis Pouillot, Linda J. Harris, Bradley P. Marks

United States Food and Drug Administration: Publications

The presence and survival of Salmonella in low water activity (a_w) foods continues to pose a challenge for the food industry. Peer‐reviewed literature data on prevalence and levels of contamination of Salmonella in low water activity foods in the United States are limited. Available published data include those on: Salmonella contamination on nuts and peanuts (Calhoun et al., 2013), almonds (Danyluk et al., 2007; Bansal et al., 2010), pecans (Brar, Strawn, and Danyluk, 2016), and walnuts (Davidson et al., 2015); prevalence and levels of Salmonella on spices (Van Doren et al., 2013); as …

The Effect Of Hiv Infection And Hcv Viremia On Inflammatory Mediators And Hepatic Injury-The Women's Interagency Hiv Study., Sheila M Keating, Jennifer L Dodge, Philip J Norris, John Heitman, Stephen J Gange, Audrey L French, Marshall J Glesby, Brian R Edlin, Patricia S Latham, Maria C Villacres, Ruth M Greenblatt, Marion G Peters

Pathology Faculty Publications

Hepatitis C virus infection induces inflammation and while it is believed that HIV co-infection enhances this response, HIV control may reduce inflammation and liver fibrosis in resolved or viremic HCV infection. Measurement of systemic biomarkers in co-infection could help define the mechanism of inflammation on fibrosis and determine if HIV control reduces liver pathology. A nested case-control study was performed to explore the relationship of systemic biomarkers of inflammation with liver fibrosis in HCV viremic and/or seropositive women with and without HIV infection. Serum cytokines, chemokines, growth factors and cell adhesion molecules were measured in HIV uninfected (HIV-, n = …

Telephone Follow-Up To Reduce The Readmission Rate In Gynecologic Oncology Surgery Patients, Karla Kenyon Fernandez

Nursing Theses and Capstone Projects

Unplanned hospital readmissions are commonly viewed as a marker of poor quality care and result in increased costs for both healthcare institutions and patients. Factors associated with readmission for gynecological oncology patients can be related to the radical surgical interventions required for the management of their disease, as well as complex comorbidity profiles, surgical complexity, cancer stage, and perioperative complications. The purpose of this study was to explore and examine the impact of nursing-led telephone follow up on the reduction of the readmission rate in gynecologic oncology abdominal surgery patients following initial discharge post-operatively. A cross-sectional research study was used …

Ethics For International Medicine: A Practical Guide For Aid Workers In Developing Countries, Anji E. Wall

Dartmouth College Press

About the Book

In recent years, international medicine has become a growth industry. International aid organizations, religious organizations, and medical schools all provide opportunities for health care workers to travel to developing countries to provide needed medical care to the world's poorest citizens. Ethics for International Medicine explores the many challenges faced by these medical aid workers from the West: They serve in settings with limited medical supplies, facilities, and personnel. Their patients speak different languages, have different cultures, and may even have different interpretations of disease. With limited time in which to provide medical care to hundreds of people …

Dollars And Drugs, Singapore Management University

Research@SMU: Connecting the Dots

Professor Locknie Hsu studies how trade deals affect the public’s access to affordable medicines and healthcare.

See her paper: Regulatory flexibilities and tensions in public health and trade: An Asian perspective; Tobacco control in ASEAN

See her book: Trade, investment, innovation and their impact on access to medicines: An Asian perspective

Defining Genetic Fitness Determinants And Creating Genomic Resources For An Oral Pathogen, Ajay M. Narayanan, Matthew M. Ramsey, Apollo Stacy, Marvin Whiteley

Cell and Molecular Biology Faculty Publications

Periodontitis is a microbial infection that destroys the structures that support the teeth. Although it is typically a chronic condition, rapidly progressing, aggressive forms are associated with the oral pathogen Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. One of this bacterium's key virulence traits is its ability to attach to surfaces and form robust biofilms that resist killing by the host and antibiotics. Though much has been learned about A. actinomycetemcomitans since its initial discovery, we lack insight into a fundamental aspect of its basic biology, as we do not know the full set of genes that it requires for viability (the essential genome). Furthermore, …

Antimicrobial Resistance (Amr) And Multidrug Resistance (Mdr): Overview Of Current Approaches, Consortia And Intellectual Property Issues, Andrew Jenner, Niresh Bhagwandin, Stanley P. Kowalski

Law Faculty Scholarship

The supply of new diagnostics and treatments is insufficient to keep up with the increase in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and multidrug resistance (MDR) as older medicines are used more widely and microbes develop resistance to them. At the same time, significant quantities of antibiotics are used on patients and animals that do not need them, while others who do need them lack access.

Effective responses to AMR/MDR require effort by both the public and private sectors to develop and disseminate new diagnostics, vaccines and treatments on a global scale, as well as to adapt them to local needs. This calls …

College Of Pharmacy Annual Report For Fy2017, Uri College Of Pharmacy

College of Pharmacy Reports

Annual report for the College of Pharmacy of the University of Rhode Island for the year 2016-2017.

Includes information and statistics for the academic programs, research work and developments by faculty and students, community engagement and donations.

Delivering Safer Immunotherapies For Cancer, Lauren Milling, Yuan Zhang, Darrell J. Irvine

Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Publications

Cancer immunotherapy is now a powerful clinical reality, with a steady progression of new drug approvals and a massive pipeline of additional treatments in clinical and preclinical development. However, modulation of the immune system can be a double-edged sword: Drugs that activate immune effectors are prone to serious non-specific systemic inflammation and autoimmune side effects. Drug delivery technologies have an important role to play in harnessing the power of immune therapeutics while avoiding on-target/off-tumor toxicities. Here we review mechanisms of toxicity for clinically-relevant immunotherapeutics, and discuss approaches based in drug delivery technology to enhance the safety and potency of these …

Hepatocyte-Specific Deletion Of Tristetraprolin Family Of Rna Binding Proteins Result In The Development Of Hepatocellular Carcinomas, Sonika Patial

Hepatobiliary Cancers: Pathobiology and Translational Advances

No abstract provided.

Baystate Medical Practices Annual Report - 2017, Andrew Artenstein Md

Baystate Medical Practices Annual Report

No abstract provided.

Assessment Of Keratitis Damage In An Age Dependent Mouse Model Using Analytical Software, Quincy C. Moore Iii, Emmanuel B. Olorunyomi, Miles E. Dubose, Cleveland O. Lane Jr

Pursue: Undergraduate Research Journal

Background: Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) is a grampositive bacterium that is responsible for diseases such as, otitis media, conjunctivitis, bacterial keratitis, pneumonia, and meningitis. Bacterial keratitis is one of the most common after-effects of trauma to the eye. Some reports have shown the S. pneumoniae spreads through enzymes that are produced to digest the cornea, which in turn can causes blindness. There is a need for more improved measures that can reverse the detrimental effects of the bacteria. The long-term goal of this research is to better understand the complete role of S. pneumoniae and its components in bacterial keratitis to …

T‐Cell Epitope Content Comparison (Epicc) Of Swine H1 Influenza A Virus Hemagglutinin, Andres H. Gutiérrez, Vicki J. Rapp-Gabrielson, Frances E. Terry, Crystal L. Loving, Leonard Moise, William D. Martin, Anne S. De Groot

Cell and Molecular Biology Faculty Publications

Background: Predicting vaccine efficacy against emerging pathogen strains is a significant problem in human and animal vaccine design. T‐cell epitope cross‐conservation may play an important role in cross‐strain vaccine efficacy. While influenza A virus (IAV) hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody titers are widely used to predict protective efficacy of 1 IAV vaccine against new strains, no similar correlate of protection has been identified for T‐cell epitopes.

Objective: We developed a computational method (EpiCC) that facilitates pairwise comparison of protein sequences based on an immunological property—T‐cell epitope content—rather than sequence identity, and evaluated its ability to classify swine IAV strain relatedness to …

No Rest For The Wicked: Civil Liability Against Hotels In Cases Of Sex Trafficking, Gallant Fish

Buffalo Human Rights Law Review

No abstract provided.

Gendered Lived Experiences In Urban Cape Town: Urban Infrastructure As Equal Opportunity, Social Justice, And Crime Prevention, Becky Jacobs

College of Law Faculty Scholarship

The body of 19-year-old Sinoxolo Mafevuka was found in a communal toilet in the Cape Town, South African urban township of Khayelitsha. Sinoxolo had been viciously raped, strangled to death, and her body discarded, with her head under the toilet seat and her genitals displayed openly. Tragically, while Sinoxolo’s murder is a particularly brutal example, using a neighborhood toilet in many informal settlements is an incredibly dangerous activity, and there are estimates that 10.5 million South Africans do not have ready access to toilets. “Women, children and men of all ages are frequently robbed, raped, assaulted and murdered on the …