Digital Commons Network^™

H-Ipse Is A Pathogen-Secreted Host Nucleus Infiltrating Protein (Infiltrin) 3 Expressed Exclusively By The Schistosoma Haematobium Egg Stage, Luke Pennington, Abdulaziz Alouffi, Evaristus Mbanefo, Debalina Ray, David Heery, Theodore Jardetzky, Michael Hsieh, Franco Falcone

Urology Faculty Publications

Urogenital schistosomiasis, caused by the parasitic trematode Schistosoma haematobium, affects over 112 million people worldwide. As with S. mansoniinfections, the pathology in urogenital schistosomiasis is mainly related to the egg stage, which induces granulomatous inflammation of affected tissues. Schistosoma eggs and their secretions have been studied extensively for the related S. mansoniorganism which is more amenable to laboratory studies. Indeed, we have shown that IPSE/alpha-1 (M-IPSE herein), a major protein secreted from S .mansoni eggs, can infiltrate host cells. Although M-IPSE function is unknown, its ability to translocate to their nucleus and bind DNA suggests a possible …

Infective Endocarditis, Christine Hein

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Infective endocarditis (IE) is a severe inflammatory disease of the endocardium, affecting valve structure and function. IE occurs when endothelial lining of the heart is damaged by direct trauma or scarring. Platelets and fibrin develop on the damaged endothelium, forming a thrombus. Thrombus formation makes it susceptible for circulating microorganisms, such as Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae to colonize (Thornton, 2000). The vegetation enlarges due to recurrent fibrin deposition and microbial multiplication (Sandoe, Watkin, & Elliott, 2013). Patients with IE often present with a high fever, new-onset cardiac murmur, and peripheral emboli causing a rash to the extremities. Complaints may …

Supporting Students With Health Needs In Schools: An Overview Of Selected Health Conditions, Linda Garrison-Kane, Paris A. Depaepe, Jane E. Doelling

College of Education

No abstract provided.

Evaluating Trophic Rewilding As A Conservation Technique, Aaron Sieve

Biology: Student Scholarship & Creative Works

The focus for this paper is to define specifically trophic rewilding, determine its efficacy as a conservation technique, and explore ways to lessen one of its key limitations. Trophic rewilding is the conservation technique whereby an extirpated keystone species or ecosystem engineer is reintroduced into a degraded habitat to restore ecological function by triggering trophic cascades. The technique is evaluated through analysis of the concepts of trophic cascades and ecosystem engineers. Key limitations of trophic rewilding are that a lack of population control in reintroduced may cause issues, that many times not enough is known about trophic cascades to be …

Singapore : Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (Sars), Dexter Lipps

Global Public Health

Singapore ranks as one of the healthiest countries in the world and its healthcare system has been regarded as one of the most efficient. While a minority of the population experience any chronic diseases such as diabetes or asthma, one illness, severe acute respiratory syndrome or SARS has been prevalent in the country since the global outbreak in 2003. SARS is a virus causing disease that is easily transmitted through the air. In 2003, Singapore, along with much of the world, saw a high rate of infection for the disease. An in depth look revealed that three women traveling home …

Afghanistan : Tuberculosis, Emily Fulk

Global Public Health

Afghanistan, a country in the Middle East, faces the epidemic of an infectious bacterial lung disease called Tuberculosis, or TB. Tuberculosis is fairly easy to spread, as the bacteria that causes it are spread from one person to another through tiny droplets released into the air via coughs and sneezes. Despite the widespread amounts of individuals affected with TB, it is known to be easily curable using a six month treatment. And so public health officials have implemented a program called DOTS, or Directly Observed Treatment Short Course in Kabul City to test the effectiveness of this treatment. The DOTS …

Puerto Rico : Zika Virus, Rachel Cybulski

Global Public Health

Puerto Rico has had an epidemic of Zika virus within the past few years. Considering the close distance to America, the U.S. has been up-to-date in stopping the spread of Zika from Puerto Rico to the states. In 2016 particularly, the United States declared Puerto Rico to be in a state of emergency due to the heavy presence of the virus. Although this specific outbreak has been terminated, the likelihood of another such occurrence is high, so it is important to learn about the effects of Zika and ways to prevent the spread. The major result of having the virus …

Guam : Mumps, Taylor Covert

Global Public Health

In the years of 2009-2010, Guam experienced an outbreak of mumps that was widespread throughout the country. Mumps is a disease in which the parotid gland located in the face and neck region swells and can cause inflammation in the brain. Though a majority of the citizens were vaccinated for MMR, there was still a problem throughout the nation. The vaccine is provided in a number of doses, three being the optimal amount. It was later revealed that citizens who were vaccinated only received two doses, not fully protecting them from the illness. 505 cases were reported overall for this …

Zimbabwe : Malaria, Ashton Hutcheson

Global Public Health

Zimbabwe, a developing country in southeastern Africa, has a population of over 15 million people. The large majority of this population is at risk for various prevalent infectious disease including the significant threat that is Malaria. Zimbabwe is a country within what the World Health Organization determines as the “WHO African Region.” This region is where 90% of Malaria deaths occur worldwide. This brief provides reasons why malaria is such a major problem including the country’s general lack of clinics and key risk factors associated with contracting malaria. It was found that those most at-risk for malaria live in houses …

Vietnam : Dengue Fever, Brittany Hatlestad

Global Public Health

This brief covers political structure, internal challenges, and external challenges in Vietnam, as well as epidemiology, identification, intervention, challenges, and suggestions regarding dengue fever throughout Vietnam. Dengue fever, a mosquito-borne viral disease, is a leading cause of illness and death in tropical and subtropical countries. Climate variability and change has significantly increased the vector population in Vietnam, and the effects are most significant in peri-urban/rural urban areas. Dengue-related signs include flu-symptoms, leading to undiagnosed dengue fever. The citizens of Vietnam encounter challenges including lack of quality public health insurance and care, extremely high cost of treatment, prime environment for vectors, …

Cultivate Fall/Winter 2017, Utah State University

Cultivate Magazine

No abstract provided.

Christians’ Cut: Popular Religion And The Global Health Campaign For Medical Male Circumcision In Swaziland, Casey Golomski, Sonene Nyawo

Anthropology

Swaziland faces one of the worst HIV epidemics in the world and is a site for the current global health campaign in sub-Saharan Africa to medically circumcise the majority of the male population. Given that Swaziland is also majority Christian, how does the most popular religion influence acceptance, rejection or understandings of medical male circumcision? This article considers interpretive differences by Christians across the Kingdom’s three ecumenical organisations, showing how a diverse group people singly glossed as ‘Christian’ in most public health acceptability studies critically rejected the procedure in unity, but not uniformly. Participants saw medical male circumcision’s promotion and …

Localized Removal Affects White-Tailed Deer Space Use And Contacts, Marie I. Tosa, Eric M. Schauber, Clayton K. Nielsen

Publications

Transmission and impact of infectious diseases can be altered if host social structure is disrupted by disease outbreaks or lethal management. Specifically, if remnants of depopulated groups join or increase contact with neighboring groups, between-group transmission may increase even as population density decreases. We tested whether this phenomenon could apply to diseases of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) by using a before-after-control-impact design. We monitored space use and contacts among adult female and juvenile deer in southern Illinois during 2011–2014; midway through each study season, we removed all members except 1 collared deer from centrally located groups and left …

The Effect Of The 2015 Earthquake On The Bacterial Community Compositions In Water In Nepal, Sital Uprety, Pei-Ying Hong, Nora Sadik, Bipin Dangol, Rameswor Adhikari, Antarpreet Jutla, Joanna L. Shisler, Patrick Degnan, Thanh H. Nguyen

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

We conducted a study to examine the effect of seasonal variations and the disruptive effects of the 2015 Nepal earthquake on microbial communities associated with drinking water sources. We first characterized the microbial communities of water samples in two Nepali regions (Kathmandu and Jhapa) to understand the stability of microbial communities in water samples collected in 2014. We analyzed additional water samples from the same sources collected from May to August 2015, allowing the comparison of samples from dry-to-dry season and from dry-to-monsoon seasons. Emphasis was placed on microbes responsible for maintaining the geobiochemical characteristics of water (e.g., ammonia-oxidizing and …

Impact Of Built-Up-Litter And Commercial Antimicrobials On Salmonella And Campylobacter Contamination Of Broiler Carcasses Processed At A Pilot Mobile Poultry-Processing Unit, Kawang Li, Lacey Lemonakis, Brian Glover, Joseph Moritz, Cangliang Shen

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

The small-scale mobile poultry-processing unit (MPPU) produced raw poultry products are of particular food safety concern due to exemption of USDA poultry products inspection act. Limited studies reported the microbial quality and safety of MPPU-processed poultry carcasses. This study evaluated the Salmonella and Campylobacter prevalence in broiler ceca and on MPPU-processed carcasses and efficacy of commercial antimicrobials against Campylobacter jejuni on broilers. In study I, straight-run Hubbard × Cobb broilers (147) were reared for 38 days on clean-shavings (CS, 75) or built-up-litter (BUL, 72) and processed at an MPPU. Aerobic plate counts (APCs), coliforms, Escherichia coli, and yeast/molds (Y/M) …

Upregulation Of Mirna-4776 In Influenza Virus Infected Bronchial Epithelial Cells Is Associated With Downregulation Of Nfkbib And Increased Viral Survival, Sreekumar Othumpangat, Nicole B. Bryan, Donald H. Beezhold, John D. Noti

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Influenza A virus (IAV) infection remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. One key transcription factor that is activated upon IAV infection is nuclear factor Kappa B (NF-κB). NF-κB regulation involves the inhibitor proteins NF-κB inhibitor beta (NFKBIB), (also known as IκB β), which form complexes with NF-κB to sequester it in the cytoplasm. In this study, microarray data showed differential expression of several microRNAs (miRNAs) on exposure to IAV. Target scan analysis revealed that miR-4776, miR-4514 and miR-4742 potentially target NFKBIB messenger RNA (mRNA). Time-course analysis of primary bronchial epithelial cells (HBEpCs) showed that miR-4776 expression is …

Patient Characteristics And Perceived Health Status Of Individuals With Hiv And Tuberculosis Coinfection In Guangxi, China, Yujia Zhu, Jizhou Wu, Xue Feng, Huanhuan Chen, Huaxiang Lu, Luo Li, Chao Rui

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

To explore demographics, clinical and medication profiles, patients’ social support, and perceived health status in HIV/TB coinfected patients in Guangxi, China.

We performed a cross-sectional study in the HIV clinic of the Guigang City People's Hospital (N = 150). Health professionals conducted face-to-face interviews and collected data from patients’ electronic medical records regarding patients’ demographic, clinical, and medication information, as well as their social support and perceived health status. We classified all HIV/AIDS patients into HIV monoinfected and TB coinfected, at a ratio of 2:1.

Compared with the HIV monoinfected, patients with HIV/TB coinfection were more likely to be older, …

Investigating The Antibacterial Properties Of Mollusks Native To The Boston Harbor And Wood Neck Beach: Developing A Comparative Study Between Mytilus Edulis And Ensis Directus, Nasreen Al-Qadi

Student Library Research Awards

Honorable Mention for 2017. Paper written for course BISC 210. Supporting faculty: Jeff Hughes.

Purification And Characterization Of An Anti-Staphylococcal Compound Produced By Dolosigranulum Pigrum, Sara Eslami

Honors Thesis Collection

As antibiotic resistance becomes increasingly prevalent, developing methods for prevention of and intervention in bacterial infection, specifically due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), has become critical. This research focuses on the purification of an extractable inhibitory compound from bacterial culture via flash column chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) via bioassay-guided fractionation. NMR spectroscopy has also allowed for preliminary characterization of the inhibitor through analysis of 1H NMR spectra.

Characterization Of Cpclec, A Cryptosporidium C-Type Lectin That Mediates Infection In Vivo, Katherine Yanes

Honors Thesis Collection

The intestinal parasite Cryptosporidium causes the diarrheal disease, cryptosporidiosis worldwide. Previous work done with Cryptosporidium parvum in the Ward lab showed that a C-type lectin glycoprotein known as CpClec is expressed on the surface of sporozoites and merozoites, the life cycle stages of Cryptosporidium which invades host epithelial cells in the human intestine. CpClec was also been found to be important for attachment and infection of host cells by binding to host expressed glycosaminoglycans. Loss or reduction of these glycosaminoglycans not only inhibited attachment but also infection. In order to further determine the function of CpClec, Jacob Ludington in the …

Empathizing With Daddy: Child Maltreatment And Generational Alcoholism: Are They One In The Same?, Alexus Flowers

Integrated Studies

Everyone has “issues”. However, those “issues” can range from a numerous of things: self, family, work, mental, physical, or emotional (i.e “daddy issues” or “mommy issues”). According to the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, childhood exposure to trauma has been linked with alcohol dependence, suggesting that adverse childhood experiences contribute to this environmental risk.

For this paper, I plan to discuss child maltreatment and the effect it could or could not have on one throughout childhood, adolescence years, and adulthood. Also I’m addressing alcoholism, in which child maltreatment could possibly contribute a connection along with factors, such as …

The Five W'S Of Bloodborne Pathogens: Who, What, When, Where, And Why, Sallie Hunter

Integrated Studies

Bloodborne pathogens are all around us, yet we seldom think about them. Exploring the who, what, when, where, and why aspects of bloodborne pathogens allows to develop a better comprehension of the world we live in and how to protect and prevent the spread of infectious disease. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are the top three bloodborne pathogens and the main focus of this entry. This article is designed to be easy to read and readily understood in order to appeal to a much broader range of individuals who may have questions …

Animal Epidemiology, Almesha Jones

Integrated Studies

The purpose for this research paper is to understand the epidemiology of animals. The research that I have done provides an overview of the natural history of diseases with research of four different animals’ canine, feline, equine, and bovine. Each species has the ability to possess different types of diseases and I will also describe different ways to prevent them. The sources in this paper was mostly found in books at the Murray State Library, and general websites. The natural history of diseases focuses on who discovered these diseases, and where they come from. This paper will also describe the …

Hexapod Herald - Vol. 29, No. 1, January 2017

Hexapod Herald and Other Entomology Department Newsletters

Content: Welcome - Faculty News - Grants - Congratulations - Student News - Blast from the Past - Publications - Condolences (Dr. Kenneth P. Pruess)

Health Studies Program Newsletter For 2017, Uri Health Studies Program

Public Health Department Publications

The 2017 issue of “Health-e-Newsletter,” a periodical focused on the Health Studies Program events, faculty research and highlights of student achievements.

Pseudomembranous Tracheitis Caused By Aspergillus Fumigatus In The Setting Of High Grade T-Cell Lymphoma, Prashant Malhotra, Karan Singh, Paul Gill, Sonu Sahni, Mina Makaryus, Arunabh Talwar

Touro College of Osteopathic Medicine (New York) Publications and Research

Pseudomembranous tracheitis (PMT) is a rare condition most commonly caused by fungal or bacterial infection that is characterized by a pseudomembrane that partially or completely covers the tracheobronchial tree. PMT is most commonly found in immunocompromised patient populations, such as post-chemotherapy, AIDS, post-transplant and hematological malignancies. Due to its rarity, PMT is often not included in the differential diagnosis. This case describes a 65 year old male with persistent fever and refractory cough despite high dose empiric antibiotics. Subsequent bronchoscopy with biopsy revealed pseudomembranous tracheitis due to Aspergillus fumigatus in the setting of T-cell lymphoma. PMT should be considered in …

Public Health Measures Derived From The Jewish Tradition: Ii. Washing And Cleaning, Noam Zeffren, Tova Chien, Robert Stern

Touro College of Osteopathic Medicine (New York) Publications and Research

The authors discuss public health measures that are described in the Torah and rabbinic literature, focusing on hand washing and cleaning.

Hiv-Care Access Among People With Incarceration Experience In St. Petersburg, Russia, Monica S. Ruiz, Robert Heimer, Olga Levina, N. Badosova, V. Rassokhin, A. Belyakov, N. Belyakov

Prevention and Community Health Faculty Publications

Background: Little is known about the clinical care experiences of HIV-infected persons in St. Petersburg who have experience with incarceration. To address this question, we conducted a capture-recapture study to identify individuals who had been diagnosed with HIV infection while incarcerated and who subsequently presented for medical care in St. Petersburg, Russia following release from prison.

Methods: We matched 292 HIV-positive prisoners tested by the prison system in 2010 to the medical records at the St. Petersburg AIDS Center in the following 4 years.

Results: The data analysis shows that as many as half of HIV+ prisoners fail to seek …

The Temporal Dynamics Of The Tracheal Microbiome In Tracheostomised Patients With And Without Lower Respiratory Infections., Marcos Pérez-Losada, Robert J Graham, Madeline Coquillette, Amenah Jafarey, Eduardo Castro-Nallar, Manuel Aira, Robert J Freishtat, Jonathan M Mansbach

Computational Biology Institute

Background: Airway microbiota dynamics during lower respiratory infection (LRI) are still poorly understood due, in part, to insufficient longitudinal studies and lack of uncontaminated lower airways samples. Furthermore, the similarity between upper and lower airway microbiomes is still under debate. Here we compare the diversity and temporal dynamics of microbiotas directly sampled from the trachea via tracheostomy in patients with (YLRI) and without (NLRI) lower respiratory infections. Methods: We prospectively collected 127 tracheal aspirates across four consecutive meteorological seasons (quarters) from 40 patients, of whom 20 developed LRIs and 20 remained healthy. All aspirates were collected when patients had no …

Mosquitoes Transmit Unique West Nile Virus Populations During Each Feeding Episode, Nathan D. Grubaugh, Joseph R. Fauver, Claudia Rückert, James Weger-Lucarelli, Selene Garcia-Luna, Reyes A. Murrieta, Alex Gendernalik, Darci R. Smith, Doug E. Brackney, Gregory D. Ebel

Journal Articles: Epidemiology

Arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses), such as Zika virus, chikungunya virus, and West Nile virus (WNV), pose continuous threats to emerge and cause large epidemics. Often, these events are associated with novel virus variants optimized for local transmission that first arise as minorities within a host. Thus, the conditions that regulate the frequency of intrahost variants are important determinants of emergence. Here, we describe the dynamics of WNV genetic diversity during its transmission cycle. By temporally sampling saliva from individual mosquitoes, we demonstrate that virus populations expectorated by mosquitoes are highly diverse and unique to each feeding episode. After transmission to birds, …