Digital Commons Network^™

Human Cytomegalovirus: A Neglected Public Health Area Of Significant Relevance To Women, The Foetus And New Born. Time For Action!, Amna Rehana Siddiqui, Saira Ibrahim, Anwar Ali Siddiqui, Paul Moss, El-Nasir Lalani

Community Health Sciences

No abstract provided.

Middle Rio Grande Surface And Well Water Quality And The Health Implications To Humans, Juan Carlos Peña-Philippides

Water Resources Professional Project Reports

This professional project reviews the water quality along The Middle Rio Grande in New Mexico from the Cochiti Dam to the town of Bernalillo to San Acacia. This project focuses on the quality of the surface and well water and its implications to human health. The State of New Mexico Environment Department provided historical data of the well water quality in Albuquerque and the surrounding area. This project focuses on the analysis of chemical and microbiological testing in the areas of the North Valley, South Valley and Albuquerque Acres. The Bosque Ecosystem Monitoring Program (BMEP) provided historical data that identifies …

Ultra-Filtration Of Human Serum For Improved Quantitative Analysis Of Low Molecular Weight Biomarkers Using Atr-Ir Spectroscopy, Franck Bonnier, Luis Felipe Cs. Carvalho, Matthew J. Baker, Hugh Byrne, Igor Chourpa

Articles

Infrared spectroscopy is a reliable, rapid and cost effective characterisation technique, delivering a molecular finger print of the sample. It is expected that its sensitivity would enable detection of small chemical variations in biological samples associated with disease. ATR-IR is particularly suitable for liquid sample analysis and, although air drying is commonly performed before data collection, just a drop of human serum is enough for screening and early diagnosis. However, the dynamic range of constituent biochemical concentrations in the serum composition remains a limiting factor to the reliability of the technique. Using glucose as a model spike in human serum, …

Solving The Influence Maximization Problem Reveals Regulatory Organization Of The Yeast Cell Cycle., David L Gibbs, Ilya Shmulevich

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

The Influence Maximization Problem (IMP) aims to discover the set of nodes with the greatest influence on network dynamics. The problem has previously been applied in epidemiology and social network analysis. Here, we demonstrate the application to cell cycle regulatory network analysis for Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Fundamentally, gene regulation is linked to the flow of information. Therefore, our implementation of the IMP was framed as an information theoretic problem using network diffusion. Utilizing more than 26,000 regulatory edges from YeastMine, gene expression dynamics were encoded as edge weights using time lagged transfer entropy, a method for quantifying information transfer between variables. …

Beliefs About Substance Abusing Parents Among California State University Master Of Social Work Students, Angela R. Golden

Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to examine the beetles about substance abusing parents from California State University San Bernardino (CSUSB) NEW students. The biases that human device professionals hold toward substance abusers have the potential to negatively impact clients' health, well- being, and access to services. Understanding future social workers ' biases towards substance abusing parents is key as these future professionals are likely to serve families impacted by substance abuse in their future roles. This quantitative study used a self-administered, online survey to assess the beliefs of foundation and advanced-year MSW students from CSUSB. In general, the findings …

Implementing A Diabetic Foot Care Program In A Primary Care Clinic, Jennifer Richardson

DNP and Student Works

The purpose of this project was to implement a comprehensive diabetic foot care program in a primary care clinic to improve foot care practices among primary care providers. The following questions were the focus of the chart review for this project: Did the primary care provider document the diabetic foot exam using the EHR template? Did the primary care provider document all the elements included on the template? Did the primary care provider document that patient education was provided regarding diabetic foot care? The following questions examined the providers' satisfaction with the project: Do you use the diabetic foot exam …

Transition From Cardiovascular Disease To Cancer As The Leading Cause Of Death In Us States, 1999-2014, Michael C. Harding, Evan Thacker

Journal of Undergraduate Research

In 1900 the three leading causes of death in the United States were pneumonia and influenza; tuberculosis; and gastritis, enteritis, and colitis.¹ However, through a combination of improved sanitation, the discovery of antibiotics, and the advent of vaccination programs, deaths from infectious diseases subsided and soon gave way to chronic diseases.² Shortly after the turn of the century, diseases of the heart became of the number one cause of death, and in the 1940s, cancer began consistently appearing at number two. Since then, heart disease and cancer have remained firmly entrenched as the number one and two causes …

Undergraduate Social Work College Students And Aids And Hiv, Breeanna Edwards

Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations

This proposal discusses some of the stigmas about the transmission of HIV and AIDS, its spread amongst college students and how it can be reduced through the efforts of social work. It attempts to discover these concepts to garner a general view of all unfavorable attitudes, lack of knowledge, perceptions of whether a person is infected or not, risky sexual behaviors and social influence for social workers to better understand the root cause of its rise. The primary problem is the rise of the HIV and AIDS virus amongst the college population. Through surveys and interpreting quantitative data, it is …

Using Network Sampling And Recruitment Data To Understand Social Structures Related To Community Health In A Population Of People Who Inject Drugs In Rural Puerto Rico, Mayra Coronado-García, Courtney R. Thrash, Melissa L. Welch-Lazoritz, G. Robin Gauthier, Juan Carlos Reyes, Bilal Khan, Kirk Dombrowski

Department of Sociology: Faculty Publications

Objective: This research examined the social network and recruitment patterns of a sample of people who inject drugs (PWIDs) in rural Puerto Rico, in an attempt to uncover systematic clustering and between-group social boundaries that potentially influence disease spread.

Methods: Respondent driven sampling was utilized to obtain a sample of PWID in rural Puerto Rico. Through eight initial “seeds”, 317 injection drug users were recruited. Using recruitment patterns of this sample, estimates of homophily and affiliation were calculated using RDSAT.

Results: Analyses showed clustering within the social network of PWID in rural Puerto Rico. In particular, females showed a very …

Setting Health Research Priorities Using The Chnri Method: Vii. A Review Of The First 50 Applications Of The Chnri Method, Igor Rudan, Sachiyo Yoshida, Kit Yee Chan, Devi Sridhar, Kerri Wazny, Harish Nair, Aziz Sheikh, Mark Tomlinson, Joy E. Lawn, Zulfiqar Ahmed Bhutta

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

Background: Several recent reviews of the methods used to set research priorities have identified the CHNRI method (acronym derived from the "Child Health and Nutrition Research Initiative") as an approach that clearly became popular and widely used over the past decade. In this paper we review the first 50 examples of application of the CHNRI method, published between 2007 and 2016, and summarize the most important messages that emerged from those experiences.
Methods: We conducted a literature review to identify the first 50 examples of application of the CHNRI method in chronological order. We searched Google Scholar, PubMed and so-called …

Determinants And Impact Of Giardia Infection In The First 2 Years Of Life In The Mal-Ed Birth Cohort, Elizabeth T. Rogawski, Luther A. Bartelt, James A. Platts-Mills, Jessica C. Seidman, Amidou Samie, Alexandre Havt, Sudhir Babji, Shahida Qureshi, Sadia Shakoor, Zulfiqar Ahmed Bhutta

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

Background: Giardia are among the most common enteropathogens detected in children in low-resource settings. We describe here the epidemiology of infection with Giardia in the first 2 years of life in the Etiology, Risk Factors, and Interactions of Enteric Infections and Malnutrition and the Consequences for Child Health and Development Project (MAL-ED), a multisite birth-cohort study.
Methods: From 2089 children, 34916 stool samples collected during monthly surveillance and episodes of diarrhea were tested for Giardia using an enzyme immunoassay. We quantified the risk of Giardia detection, identified risk factors, and assessed the associations with micronutrients, markers of gut inflammation and …

Characterization Of Aggresome Formation In Choroid Plexus Carcinoma., Marwa Mohamed Ali Nassar

Theses and Dissertations

Protein misfolding is inevitable, 30% of newly synthesized polypeptides can end up misfolded, and such proteins are either refolded or eliminated by cellular quality control pathways. These pathways include the ubiquitin proteosome system and autophagy. In recent years, protein misfolding has been implicated in the pathophysiology of many diseases such as diabetes, neurological disorders and cancer. Studies from our laboratory have shown that choroid plexus carcinoma tumors are characterized by the formation of aggresomes at the microtubules organizing centers (MTOC) in formalin fixed and paraffin embedded (FFPE) tumor tissues. This was further confirmed by the development of choroid plexus carcinoma …

“America First”: Prospects For Global Health, Lawrence O. Gostin

Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works

In his inaugural speech, President Trump said, “From this day forward, it’s going to be only America first.” The term has an ugly history, which can be traced to the America First Committee that opposed any US involvement in World War II, with undertones of anti-Semitism.

As an expression of nationalistic populism, “America First” is in tension with the global common good. While governments have duties toward their citizens, a nation’s health can be effectively secured only through international cooperation. Trump’s political philosophy—erecting walls (literally and figuratively) and distrusting international law and institutions—rejects core values of shared responsibility and mutual …

Differential Growth Of Francisella Tularensis, Which Alters Expression Of Virulence Factors, Dominant Antigens, And Surface-Carbohydrate Synthases, Governs The Apparent Virulence Of Ft Schus4 To Immunized Animals, K Holland, S Rosa, K Kristjansdottir, D Wolfgeher, B Franz, Chandra Bakshi, K Hazlett, K Hazlett

NYMC Faculty Publications

The gram-negative bacterium Francisella tularensis (Ft) is both a potential biological weapon and a naturally occurring microbe that survives in arthropods, fresh water amoeba, and mammals with distinct phenotypes in various environments. Previously, we used a number of measurements to characterize Ft grown in Brain-Heart Infusion (BHI) broth as (1) more similar to infection-derived bacteria, and (2) slightly more virulent in naive animals, compared to Ft grown in Mueller Hinton Broth (MHB). In these studies we observed that the free amino acids in MHB repress expression of select Ft virulence factors by an unknown mechanism. Here, we tested the hypotheses …

Piperacillin-Tazobactam Versus Other Antibacterial Agents For Treatment Of Bloodstream Infections Due To Ampc Β-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae, L Cheng, B Nelson, M Giddins, Qiuhu Shi, S Whittier, A Gomez-Simmonds, A Uhlemann

NYMC Faculty Publications

In vivo induction of AmpC beta-lactamases produces high-level resistance to many beta-lactam antibiotics in Enterobacteriaceae, often resulting in the need to use carbapenems or cefepime (FEP). The clinical effectiveness of piperacillin-tazobactam (TZP), a weak inducer of AmpC beta-lactamases, is poorly understood. Here, we conducted a case-control study of adult inpatients with bloodstream infections (BSIs) due to Enterobacter, Serratia, or Citrobacter species from 2009 to 2015 to assess outcomes following treatment with TZP compared to FEP or meropenem (MEM). We collected clinical data and screened all isolates for the presence of ampC alleles by PCR. Primary study outcomes were 30-day mortality …

Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Diagnosis And Management In Young People: A Primer, P Rowe, R Underhill, K Friedman, A Gurwitt, Marvin Medow, M Schwartz, N Speight, Julian Stewart, R Vallings, K Rowe

NYMC Faculty Publications

Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a complex disease that affects children and adolescents as well as adults. The etiology has not been established. While many pediatricians and other health-care providers are aware of ME/CFS, they often lack essential knowledge that is necessary for diagnosis and treatment. Many young patients experience symptoms for years before receiving a diagnosis. This primer, written by the International Writing Group for Pediatric ME/CFS, provides information necessary to understand, diagnose, and manage the symptoms of ME/CFS in children and adolescents. ME/CFS is characterized by overwhelming fatigue with a substantial loss of physical and mental stamina. …

Serious Fungal Infections In Pakistan, Kauser Jabeen, Joveria Farooqi, Sajjad Mirza, D Denning, Afia Zafar

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

The true burden of fungal infection in Pakistan is unknown. High-risk populations for fungal infections [tuberculosis (TB), diabetes, chronic respiratory diseases, asthma, cancer, transplant and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection] are numerous. Here, we estimate the burden of fungal infections to highlight their public health significance. Whole and at-risk population estimates were obtained from the WHO (TB), BREATHE study (COPD), UNAIDS (HIV), GLOBOCAN (cancer) and Heartfile (diabetes). Published data from Pakistan reporting fungal infections rates in general and specific populations were reviewed and used when applicable. Estimates were made for the whole population or specific populations at risk, as previously …

Post-9/11 Media Coverage Of Terrorism, Zachary S. Mitnik

Student Theses

Media coverage of terrorist attacks plays an important role in shaping the public understanding of terrorism. While there have been several studies analyzing coverage of terrorist incidents prior to 9/11, there has been little research examining post-9/11 coverage. This study fills this gap by examining the media’s coverage of terrorism in the United States between the dates of September 12, 2001 and December 31, 2015. The analysis is based on a list of terrorist-related incidents and New York Times articles written on each incident. This study documents the amount of coverage received by these incidents and identifies the variables influencing …

Developing Awareness Of Sustainability In Nursing And Midwifery Using A Scenario-Based Approach: Evidence From A Pre And Post Educational Intervention Study, Janet Richardson, Jane Grose, Martyn Bradbury, Janet Kelsey

School of Nursing and Midwifery

No abstract provided.

Gamma-Delta (Gammadelta) (Γδ) T-Cell Lymphoma - Another Case Unclassifiable By World Health Organization Classification: A Case Report, H Sindhu, R Chen, H Chen, Jonathan Wong, R Chaudhry, Y Xu, Jen Chin Wang

NYMC Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: We present a case of gamma-delta T-cell lymphoma that does not fit the current World Health Organization classifications. CASE PRESENTATION: A 74-year-old Caribbean-American woman presented with lymphocytosis, pruritus, and non-drenching night sweats. Bone marrow and peripheral blood analyses both confirmed the diagnosis of gamma-delta T-cell lymphoma. An axillary lymph node biopsy was negative for lymphoma. Clinically absent hepatosplenomegaly and skin lesions with biopsy-proven gamma-delta T-cell lymphoma suggest that she is unclassifiable within the current classification system. CONCLUSIONS: We believe this is a case of not otherwise specified gamma-delta T-cell lymphoma. Accumulation of these rare not otherwise specified cases will …

Association Of Hypercapnia On Admission With Increased Length Of Hospital Stay And Severity In Patients Admitted With Community-Acquired Pneumonia: A Prospective Observational Study From Pakistan., Nousheen Iqbal, Muhammad Irfan, Ali Bin Sarwar Zubairi, Safia Awan, Javaid Khan

Department of Medicine

Objectives: To determine whether the presence of hypercapnia on admission in adult patients admitted to a university-based hospital in Karachi, Pakistan with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) correlates with an increased length of hospital stay and severity compared with no hypercapnia on admission.

Study Design: A prospective observational study.

Settings: Tertiary care hospital in Karachi, Pakistan.

Methods: Patients who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled in the study. The severity of pneumonia was assessed by CURB-65 and PSI scores. An arterial blood gas analysis was obtained within 24 hours of admission. Based on arterial PaCO₂ levels, patients were divided into three …

19th Annual Pacific Research Day Abstracts, University Of The Pacific

Excellence Day

No abstract provided.

Obstacles And Challenges To Implementing Multi-Departmental Qi At A Large, Academic Training Center-Lessons Learned From A Hcv Screening Program, Eric M. Kasprowicz, Md, Mph, S. Arastu, Md, Silpa Yalamanchili, Md, Amy Javia, Md, Madalene Zale, Mph, Priya Mammen, Md, Mph, Jonathan M. Fenkel, Md

House Staff Quality Improvement and Patient Safety Conference (2016-2019)

Objectives:

We aimed to double the HCV screening rate of ‘baby-boomers’ admitted to the medicine teaching service at Methodist Hospital over the course of 6 months and demonstrate improved linkage to care for HCV RNA+ individuals.

Initial efforts were a collaboration between Emergency Medicine, where faculty had experience implementing an HIV screening program, and Gastroenterology, a key stakeholder in linkage to care. Our pilot period coincided with new state regulations mandating that hospitals implement HCV screening for inpatients. These new regulations dramatically altered the scope and goals of the project.

Controlling Factors That Potentially Against Transmission Of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever At State Elementary Schools In Yogyakarta, Tri Baskoro Tunggul Satoto, Nur Alvira, Tri Wibawa, Ajib Diptyanusa

Kesmas

Sekolah dasar merupakan tempat yang dapat mengakibatkan peningkatan penyakit dengue pada anak karena faktor lingkungan, adanya potensi penularan, belum adanya system manajemen lingkungan yang baik dan beberapa upaya pengendalian yang tidak lagi efektif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor yang berpotensi terhadap penularan demam berdarah dengue bagi anak, sehingga sistem kewaspadaan dini dapat ditegakkan. Jenis penelitian ini adalah analitik dengan rancangan potong lintang. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada 91 sekolah dasar negeri di Kota Yogyakarta. Variabel yang diobservasi adalah serotype virus DEN, resistensi insektisida, kepadatan vektor,dan kondisi fisik sekolah. Analisis data menggunakan analisis deskriptif dan korelasi-regresi (a = 0.05). Hasil menunjukkan bahwa …

Risk Factors Of Acute Respiratory Infections In Practice Area For Community Of Medical Students In Semarang, Siti Thomas Zulaikhah, Purwito Soegeng, Titiek Sumarawati

Kesmas

Infeki saluran pernapasan akut (ISPA) menempati urutan pertama dari 10 besar penyakit di Puskesmas Bangetayu dengan persentase terbanyak di Kelurahan Penggaron Lor. Keterampilan untuk mempelajari distribusi dan frekuensi penyakit serta faktor determinan yang memengaruhi manusia sangat diperlukan untuk menetapkan intervensi yang paling efektif untuk meningkatkan derajat kesehatan masyarakat. Perlu dilakukan penelitian untuk mengetahui faktor risiko yang paling dominan berhubungan dengan kejadian ISPA di lokasi praktik komunitas mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Islam Sultan Agung Semarang. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain potong lintang dengan jumlah responden 100 orang dan sampel dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan stratified random sampling. Sepuluh variabel yang diteliti adalah faktor risiko …

Scoping Review Of Indicators And Methods Of Measurement Used To Evaluate The Impact Of Dog Population Management Interventions, Elly Hiby, Kate Nattras Atema, Rebecca Brimley, Alexandra Hammond-Seaman, Mark Jones, Andrew Rowan, Emelie Fogelberg, Mark Kennedy, Deepashree Balaram, Louis Nel, Sarah Cleaveland, Katie Hampson, Sunny Townsend, Tiziana Lembo, Nicola Rooney, Helen Rebecca Whay, Joy Pritchard, Jane Murray, Lisa Van Dijk, Natalie Waran, Heather Bacon, Darryn Knobel, Lou Tasker, Chris Baker, Lex Hiby

Management and Control of Companion Animal Populations Collection

Background: Dogs are ubiquitous in human society and attempts to manage their populations are common to most countries. Managing dog populations is achieved through a range of interventions to suit the dog population dynamics and dog ownership characteristics of the location, with a number of potential impacts or goals in mind. Impact assessment provides the opportunity for interventions to identify areas of inefficiencies for improvement and build evidence of positive change.

Methods: This scoping review collates 26 studies that have assessed the impacts of dog population management interventions.

Results: It reports the use of 29 indicators of change under 8 …

Emergence Of Livestock-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Bloodstream Infections In Denmark., Jesper Larsen, Andreas Petersen, Anders R Larsen, Raphael N Sieber, Marc Stegger, Anders Koch, Frank M Aarestrup, Lance B Price, Robert L Skov

Environmental and Occupational Health Faculty Publications

Background

Livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clonal complex 398 (LA-MRSA CC398) is causing an increasing number of skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) in Denmark and other European countries with industrial pig production. Yet, its impact on MRSA bloodstream infections (BSIs) has not been well studied.

Methods

We investigated the clinical epidemiology of all human cases of LA-MRSA CC398 BSI during 2010–2015. Cases of LA-MRSA CC398 BSI were compared to cases of BSI caused by other types of MRSA and cases of SSTI caused by LA-MRSA CC398. Whole-genome sequence analysis was used to assess the phylogenetic relationship among LA-MRSA CC398 isolates …

Seroprevalence Of Antibodies Against Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Among Hiv-Negative People In China, Tiejun Zhang, Zhenqiu Liu, Jun Wang, Veenu Minhas, Charles Wood, Gary M. Clifford, Na He, Silvia Franceschi

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Background: Little information on the prevalence of Kaposi’s sarcoma associated herpesvirus (KSHV) among HIV-negative individuals is available from Asia.

Methods: In the present study, we report findings from a new survey of KSHV in 983 HIV-negative male migrants from Shanghai and their combination with previous similar surveys of 600 female migrants, 600 female sex-workers (FSW), 1336 sexually transmitted infection (STI) clinic male patients, 439 intravenous drug-users (IVDU), and 226 men having sex with men (MSM) from China. KSHV-specific antibodies against latent and lytic antigens were assessed using Sf9 and BC3 monoclonal immunofluorescence assay. Age-adjusted prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confidence …

Is Ecotourism An Outdated Solution To Orangutan Conservation In Sabah, Malaysian Borneo?, Ellis E. Thompson

University Honors Theses

Since its inception, ecotourism has been presented as an ideal way to raise money and awareness for conservation while at the same time benefitting local communities. In the early 1960's, orangutan rehabilitation centers in Malaysia and Indonesia began to integrate tourism into their fundraising efforts in order to reintroduce ex-captive orangutans back into the wild and provide education on the conservation of the species. This early integration of tourism led to a widely popular industry that today is thriving. The present research provides a review of the history and current perspectives of traditional orangutan tourism and the more novel wild …

Localized Therapeutic Hypothermia To Preserve Residual Hearing Against Cochlear Implantation: Analytical And Experimental Studies, Ilmar Tamames

Open Access Dissertations

Objective: Cochlear implants are the most successful neuroprostheses. Unfortunately, the trauma caused during cochlear implant insertion can lead to a loss of residual hair cells in the cochlea. Localized therapeutic hypothermia has the potential to be the standard of clinical care for neuroprotective intervention. This study demonstrates the design, operation and protocols, in an animal and a cadaver temporal bone model, for efficacious delivery of mild therapeutic hypothermia to the cochlea that can be translated to clinical practice in patients undergoing surgical cochlear implantation to preserve residual hearing. Main Results: The study found that localized hypothermia protects cochlear hair cells …