Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Discipline
-
- Life Sciences (7018)
- Medicine and Health Sciences (3852)
- Social and Behavioral Sciences (3478)
- Physical Sciences and Mathematics (3091)
- Education (2462)
-
- Arts and Humanities (1971)
- Biology (1869)
- Engineering (1860)
- Law (1311)
- Psychology (1178)
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology (1104)
- Animal Sciences (1101)
- Higher Education (893)
- Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Structural Biology (820)
- Plant Sciences (785)
- Medical Specialties (776)
- Environmental Sciences (769)
- Chemistry (761)
- Medical Sciences (741)
- Public Health (629)
- Sociology (560)
- Agriculture (500)
- Genetics and Genomics (496)
- History (473)
- Cell and Developmental Biology (466)
- Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering (461)
- Zoology (438)
- Biochemistry (394)
- Earth Sciences (377)
- Biodiversity (368)
- Institution
-
- University of Nebraska - Lincoln (1662)
- University of South Florida (768)
- TÜBİTAK (577)
- Purdue University (573)
- Utah State University (525)
-
- University of Kentucky (521)
- City University of New York (CUNY) (520)
- Louisiana State University (520)
- Washington University School of Medicine (421)
- University of Plymouth (417)
- Brigham Young University (403)
- Nova Southeastern University (360)
- University of Arkansas, Fayetteville (356)
- Walden University (333)
- University of New Hampshire (326)
- Virginia Commonwealth University (324)
- Georgia Southern University (304)
- University of Rhode Island (300)
- Marshall University (274)
- University of Montana (261)
- University of South Carolina (256)
- Clemson University (243)
- Portland State University (243)
- West Virginia University (240)
- Marquette University (235)
- Old Dominion University (233)
- University of New Mexico (231)
- University of Alabama at Birmingham (227)
- University of Connecticut (218)
- Ohio University (212)
- Keyword
-
- Biological sciences (242)
- Humans (221)
- Education (197)
- Climate change (164)
- Animals (145)
-
- Applied sciences (145)
- Gender (139)
- Psychology (133)
- Female (127)
- Newspaper (126)
- Cancer (124)
- Biology (121)
- Depression (118)
- Male (113)
- Obesity (104)
- Health and environmental sciences (97)
- Georgia Southern University (96)
- Women (93)
- Ecology (89)
- Inflammation (89)
- Biological Sciences (88)
- Stress (85)
- Student newspaper (83)
- 2016 (80)
- Newsletter (79)
- Pure sciences (78)
- EIU (77)
- Eastern Illinois University (75)
- Evolution (75)
- Resilience (75)
- Publication
-
- Theses and Dissertations (962)
- Electronic Theses and Dissertations (542)
- Faculty Publications (517)
- Open Access Publications (402)
- Open Access Dissertations (363)
-
- Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies (321)
- Publications and Research (241)
- Dissertations (237)
- USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations (204)
- Master's Theses (202)
- All Forum Articles (196)
- Graduate Theses and Dissertations (194)
- Honors Theses (191)
- Doctoral Dissertations (174)
- Theses (172)
- Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects (162)
- Food and Machinery (155)
- Articles (144)
- Open Access Theses (143)
- Animal Sentience (140)
- Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD) (137)
- Nebraska Tractor Tests (136)
- Ocean and Coastal Law Journal (135)
- Turkish Journal of Biology (133)
- Euscorpius (126)
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences (120)
- Wayne State University Dissertations (119)
- Browse All News (117)
- Biology Faculty Publications (115)
- Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions) (115)
- Publication Type
Articles 4201 - 4230 of 29046
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Arboretum Annual Report 2015-2016, Glenn Dreyer
Harding Magazine Spring 2016 (Vol. 24, No. 2), Harding University
Harding Magazine Spring 2016 (Vol. 24, No. 2), Harding University
Harding Magazines
Publication distributed to alumni and friends of the university.
Fall 2016, Pamela Whiteley Mclaughlin
Fall 2016, Pamela Whiteley Mclaughlin
Newsletters from University Library - Library Connection
No abstract provided.
Regulation Of Ifn-Γ Expression, John Fenimore, Howard A. Young
Regulation Of Ifn-Γ Expression, John Fenimore, Howard A. Young
United States Public Health Resources
Interferon gamma, referred to here as IFN- γ, is a major component in immunological cell signaling and is a critical regulatory protein for overall immune system function. First discovered in 1965 (Wheelock Science 149: (3681)310–311, 1965), IFN- γ is the only Type II interferon identified. Its expression is both positively and negatively controlled by different factors. In this chapter, we will review the transcriptional and post-transcriptional control of IFN-γ expression. In the transcriptional control part, the regular activators and suppressors are summarized, we will also focus on the epigenetic control, such as chromosome access, DNA methylation, and histone acetylation. The …
Chronic Expression Of Interferon-Gamma Leads To Murine Autoimmune Cholangitis With A Female Predominance, Heekyong R. Bae, Patrick S.C. Leung, Koichi Tsuneyama, Julio C. Valencia, Deborah L. Hodge, Seohyun Kim, Tim Back, Megan Karwan, Anand S. Merchant, Nobuyuki Baba, Dechun Feng, Ogyi Park, Bin Gao, Guo Xiang Yang, M. Eric Gershwin, Howard A. Young
Chronic Expression Of Interferon-Gamma Leads To Murine Autoimmune Cholangitis With A Female Predominance, Heekyong R. Bae, Patrick S.C. Leung, Koichi Tsuneyama, Julio C. Valencia, Deborah L. Hodge, Seohyun Kim, Tim Back, Megan Karwan, Anand S. Merchant, Nobuyuki Baba, Dechun Feng, Ogyi Park, Bin Gao, Guo Xiang Yang, M. Eric Gershwin, Howard A. Young
United States Public Health Resources
In most autoimmune diseases the serologic hallmarks of disease precede clinical pathology by years. Therefore, the use of animal models in defining early disease events becomes critical. We took advantage of a “designer” mouse with dysregulation of interferon gamma (IFNγ) characterized by prolonged and chronic expression of IFNγ through deletion of the IFNγ 3′-untranslated region adenylate uridylate-rich element (ARE). The ARE-Del-/- mice develop primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) with a female predominance that mimics human PBC that is characterized by up-regulation of total bile acids, spontaneous production of anti-mitochondrial antibodies, and portal duct inflammation. Transfer of CD4 T cells from ARE-Del-/- …
Clark Magazine, Fall 2016, Clark University
Clark Magazine, Fall 2016, Clark University
Clark Magazine
The Fall 2016 edition of Clark Magazine. Clark Magazine is a twice-yearly publication primarily geared towards Clark University Alumni.
The cover story is 'America's Climate Change: Where is the nation headed on the big issues facing us? Six Clark professors offer context, perspective, and some reasons for optimism.'
Inhibition Of Human Metapneumovirus Binding To Heparan Sulfate Blocks Infection In Human Lung Cells And Airway Tissues, Edita M. Klimyte, Stacy E. Smith, Pasqua Oreste, David Lembo, Rebecca Ellis Dutch
Inhibition Of Human Metapneumovirus Binding To Heparan Sulfate Blocks Infection In Human Lung Cells And Airway Tissues, Edita M. Klimyte, Stacy E. Smith, Pasqua Oreste, David Lembo, Rebecca Ellis Dutch
Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry Faculty Publications
Human metapneumovirus (HMPV), a recently discovered paramyxovirus, infects nearly 100% of the world population and causes severe respiratory disease in infants, the elderly, and immunocompromised patients. We previously showed that HMPV binds heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) and that HMPV binding requires only the viral fusion (F) protein. To characterize the features of this interaction critical for HMPV binding and the role of this interaction in infection in relevant models, we utilized sulfated polysaccharides, heparan sulfate mimetics, and occluding compounds. Iota-carrageenan demonstrated potent anti-HMPV activity by inhibiting binding to lung cells mediated by the F protein. Furthermore, analysis of a minilibrary …
Studies On Asparagine In Nebraska Wheat And Other Grains, Sviatoslav Navrotskyi
Studies On Asparagine In Nebraska Wheat And Other Grains, Sviatoslav Navrotskyi
Department of Food Science and Technology: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research
Understanding of the contribution of environmental and genetic factors on the chemical composition of different grains is a critical issue in the area of food safety of cereal products. Numerous studies have reported that asparagine can form acrylamide, a toxic and potentially carcinogenic precursor compound, during a Milliard reaction. Therefore, studying the environmental and genetic effects that contribute to accumulation of asparagine in wheat and proso millet lines, which were grown in the state of Nebraska, is important for supporting breeding programs aimed at providing safer crops for consumers. In the realm of reduction of the asparagine concentration in wheat-based …
The Howl - Fall 2016, Yang Chen, Haruho Yamada, Yume Ozaki, Hisoka Matsumura, Kaho Soga, Tomoya Hiroe, Eunjin Jang, Haruna Ogasawara, Anna Kato, Salah Athamnah, Malek Aldumman, Na Kyung Kim, Yu-Ling Tsao, Young Joo Kwon, Eunjin Jung, Nana Kim, Jihye Park, Gwendolyn Derosa
The Howl - Fall 2016, Yang Chen, Haruho Yamada, Yume Ozaki, Hisoka Matsumura, Kaho Soga, Tomoya Hiroe, Eunjin Jang, Haruna Ogasawara, Anna Kato, Salah Athamnah, Malek Aldumman, Na Kyung Kim, Yu-Ling Tsao, Young Joo Kwon, Eunjin Jung, Nana Kim, Jihye Park, Gwendolyn Derosa
The Howl
The Howl is a magazine that is planned, researched, written, photographed and designed by Otterbein University's ESL and international students. The magazine serves to give them a safe space in which to use their voice to share their cultures, experiences and lives. If you are interested in submitting to The Howl, please email your writing or photography to [email protected].
The Cosm Newsletter
COSM Newsletter
- Eagles in Training for STEM Careers
- The Department of Biology Welcomes New Faculty
- Biology Alumni Move Onward and Upward
- Georgia Southern's Elite 8 for REU-2016
- Geologists Investigate Salt Water Intrusion on a Georgia Barrier Island
- The Georgia Southern Sea Turtle Program at St. Catherines Island: The 2016 Sea Turtle Nesting Season
- Hatchlings
- The Department of Mathematical Sciences Welcomes New Faculty
- Eagles Win Third MacArthur Award
- Faculty member awarded new Patent on “Engineered lumenized vascular networks and support matrix”
- The Photonic Nanotechnology Computational Group
- Edwards participates in NSF "Ideas Lab" to Measure "Big G"
- Faculty Member Participates in Scholarly Activities
- Professors …
Family History Of Holly (Halbach) Westberg, Holly M. Westberg
Family History Of Holly (Halbach) Westberg, Holly M. Westberg
Your Family in History: HIST 550/700
No abstract provided.
Improving The Spatial Allocation Of Functional Group Biomasses In Spatially-Explicit Ecosystem Models: Insights From Three Gulf Of Mexico Models, Arnaud Gruss, Elizabeth A. Babcock, Skyler Sagarese, Michael Drexler, David D. Chagaris, Cameron H. Ainsworth, Brad Penta, Sergio Derada, Tracey Sutton
Improving The Spatial Allocation Of Functional Group Biomasses In Spatially-Explicit Ecosystem Models: Insights From Three Gulf Of Mexico Models, Arnaud Gruss, Elizabeth A. Babcock, Skyler Sagarese, Michael Drexler, David D. Chagaris, Cameron H. Ainsworth, Brad Penta, Sergio Derada, Tracey Sutton
Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles
Spatially-explicit ecosystem models, such as Ecospace, Atlantis, and OSMOSE, are key tools for achieving ecosystem-based fisheries management in the Gulf of Mexico (GOM). In spatially-explicit ecosystem models, trophic interactions strongly depend on the way functional group biomasses are allocated spatially, which conditions patterns of spatial overlap between predators, prey, and competitors. Here, we review realized and ongoing improvements in the spatial allocation of functional group biomasses in Ecospace and OSMOSE models of the West Florida Shelf ("WFS Reef fish Ecospace" and "OSMOSE-WFS") and in the Atlantis model of the GOM ("Atlantis-GOM"). A habitat capacity model, which defines the spatial distribution …
Marketing As A Means To Transformative Social Conflict Resolution: Lessons From Transitioning War Economies And The Colombian Coffee Marketing System, Andres Barrios, Kristine De Valck, Clifford J. Shultz, Olivier Sibai, Katharina C. Husemann, Matthew Maxwell-Smith, Marius K. Luedicke
Marketing As A Means To Transformative Social Conflict Resolution: Lessons From Transitioning War Economies And The Colombian Coffee Marketing System, Andres Barrios, Kristine De Valck, Clifford J. Shultz, Olivier Sibai, Katharina C. Husemann, Matthew Maxwell-Smith, Marius K. Luedicke
School of Business: Faculty Publications and Other Works
Social conflicts are ubiquitous to the human condition and occur throughout markets, marketing processes, and marketing systems. When unchecked or unmitigated, social conflict can have devastating consequences for consumers, marketers, and societies, especially when conflict escalates to war. In this article, the authors offer a systemic analysis of the Colombian wareconomy, with its conflicted shadow and coping markets, to show how a growing network of fair-trade coffee actors has played a key role in transitioning the country’s war economy into a peace economy. They particularly draw attention to the sources of conflict in this market and highlight four transition mechanisms—empowerment, …
A Legal Challenge Of The Prescription Drug User Fee Act, Jimmy J. Zhuang
A Legal Challenge Of The Prescription Drug User Fee Act, Jimmy J. Zhuang
Journal of Law and Health
In Part II, I present a legal challenge to the Prescription Drug User Fee Act (PDUFA) from an administrative law perspective. While I share sympathies with those who believe PDUFA represents an unacceptable conflict of interest for the FDA, I posit arguments purely from the framework of permissible administrative agency discretion so as to avoid ambivalent analytical and empirical arguments. My argument is that given the statutory and case law determinations of permissible federal agency discretion, the FDA cannot assess a flat user fee for widely variable types of services it renders during the drug approval process. Thus, the current …
2016 (Fall) Ensi Informer Magazine, Morehead State University. Engineering Sciences Department
2016 (Fall) Ensi Informer Magazine, Morehead State University. Engineering Sciences Department
ENSI Informer Magazine Archive
The ENSI Informer Magazine published in the fall of 2016.
An Exploration Of Informed Student Goal Setting On Achievement In A Midwest Middle School, Laura Conley
An Exploration Of Informed Student Goal Setting On Achievement In A Midwest Middle School, Laura Conley
Dissertations
This dissertation is a mixed-methods study that critically looked at peer-reviewed articles and empirical research findings about goal setting for middle school students and the possible effects that goal setting had on achievement. This project synthesized the information from articles about goal setting in general and, more specifically, the student informed goal-setting processes. The study spawned from the literature review and critically assessed one teacher’s use of the informed goal setting process to affect the achievement of her Midwestern middle school students. Students in the treatment group completed pre and post-questionnaires that assessed their understanding of goal setting and achievement. …
Abomasal Mucosal Immune Responses Of Cattle With Limited Or Continuous Exposure To Pasture-Borne Gastrointestinal Nematode Parasite Infection, Wenbin Tuo, Lei Li, Jose Carrillo, Dedra Brown, William C. Davis, Jiuzhou Song, Dante Zarlenga, Zhengguo Xiao
Abomasal Mucosal Immune Responses Of Cattle With Limited Or Continuous Exposure To Pasture-Borne Gastrointestinal Nematode Parasite Infection, Wenbin Tuo, Lei Li, Jose Carrillo, Dedra Brown, William C. Davis, Jiuzhou Song, Dante Zarlenga, Zhengguo Xiao
United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications
It has been well documented that cattle raised on pasture are slow in weight gain when compared to those fed with grain. Inflammation in the digestive system commonly caused by pasture-transmitted gastrointestinal (GI) nematode parasites that could negatively impact feed conversion has never been compared in cattle raised with no pasture exposure (NPE, uninfected), limited pasture exposure (LPE, exposure until weaning), or continuous pasture exposure (CPE, life time exposure). In the present study, the abomasal mucosal immune responses and inflammation of LPE and CPE cattle were investigated. Our results indicate that CPE cattle displayed inflamed abomasa with enlarged draining lymph …
Physical Fitness And Self-Image: An Evaluation Of The Exercise Self-Schema Questionnaire Using Direct Measures Of Physical Fitness., Jafra D. Thomas, J. Mark Van Ness, Bradley J. Cardinal
Physical Fitness And Self-Image: An Evaluation Of The Exercise Self-Schema Questionnaire Using Direct Measures Of Physical Fitness., Jafra D. Thomas, J. Mark Van Ness, Bradley J. Cardinal
College of the Pacific Faculty Articles
The purpose of this study was to perform a construct validity assessment of Kendzierski's exercise self-schema theory questionnaire using objective measures of health-related physical fitness. This study tested the hypothesis that individuals with an exercise self-schema would possess significantly greater physical fitness than those who did not across three domains of health-related physical fitness: Body composition, cardiovascular fitness, and upper-body muscular endurance. Undergraduate student participants from one private university on the west coast of the United States completed informed consent forms and the exercise self-schema questionnaire within a classroom setting or at an on-campus outside tabling session. Participants not meeting …
Bank Liability Under The Antiterrorism Act: The Mental State Requirement Under § 2333(A), Olivia G. Chalos
Bank Liability Under The Antiterrorism Act: The Mental State Requirement Under § 2333(A), Olivia G. Chalos
Fordham Law Review
This Note specifically addresses the jurisdictional split on the mental state requirement necessary to hold a defendant liable under the ATA. This Note explores the current judicial interpretations of the statute and concludes that, as the statute stands, the Second Circuit best interprets the mental state requirement for § 2333(a) claims predicated on a violation of material support laws. This Note proposes, however, that Congress should amend the ATA to clarify the state-of-mind requirement and should only allow for a cause of action where a bank manifests heightened culpability through intentional wrongdoing in the provision of financial services to foreign …
Effective Litigation Strategies To Improve State Education And Social Service Systems, Albert Kauffman
Effective Litigation Strategies To Improve State Education And Social Service Systems, Albert Kauffman
The Journal of Law and Education
No abstract provided.
Research Methods Used To Study Pharmacological Intervention Of Nicotine-Induced Breast Cancer Formation And Metastasis, Bethany Breakall
Research Methods Used To Study Pharmacological Intervention Of Nicotine-Induced Breast Cancer Formation And Metastasis, Bethany Breakall
Honors Theses
The effects of iPLA2β (Ca2+-independent Phospholipase A2β) and MMP-9 (Matrix Metalloproteinase-9) have been a recent focus of research in the progression of cancer cell proliferation and migration. However, their roles are not entirely known, especially concerning nicotine-induced breast cancer cell advancement. The purpose of this study was to determine the involvement of iPLA2β in nicotine-induced breast cancer cell proliferation. BEL (bromoenol lactone), a suicide inhibitor of iPLA2β, was hypothesized to attenuate nicotine-induced breast cancer cell proliferation and tumor growth. Following the BEL treatment, the in-vitro results exhibited a significant decrease …
Wsq: Queer Methods Editor's Note, Cynthia Chris
Wsq: Queer Methods Editor's Note, Cynthia Chris
Publications and Research
This Editor's Note introduces the WSQ issue "Queer Methods," co-edited by Matt Brim and Amin Ghaziani, which asks, how is the work of queer scholarship, in an array of disciplines, done?
The Bulletin: Sidney Kimmel Medical College At Thomas Jefferson University, Volume 65, Issue 4, Fall 2016
The Bulletin (formerly the Jefferson Medical College Alumni Bulletin)
This issue includes:
- Creating the Ideal Physician-One Note at a Time: The Dean's concert series is more than a respite in the middle of a busy day at SKMC
- Tiny Bubbles, Big Future: New uses for microbubble-filled ultrasound contrast agents could reduce the need for highly invasive medical tests.
- Dean's Column
- Findings: New pathway to treat heart failure
- #Giving Tuesday: A Message from Elizabeth Dale
- On Campus
- Clara Callahan, MD: A keen eye for aspiring physicians
- Kate Sugarman, MD '88: A career guided by social justice
- Nick Benvenuto: Finding Science and Art in Both Winemaking and Medicine
- Class Notes
- In …
Sagp Ssips 2016 Program, Anthony Preus
Sagp Ssips 2016 Program, Anthony Preus
The Society for Ancient Greek Philosophy Newsletter
No abstract provided.
Introduction To Psychology (Dalton State College), Alicia Briganti, John Gulledge
Introduction To Psychology (Dalton State College), Alicia Briganti, John Gulledge
Psychology, Sociology, Anthropology, and Social Work Grants Collections
This Grants Collection uses the open textbook OpenStax Psychology:
https://openstax.org/details/books/psychology
This Grants Collection for Introduction to Psychology was created under a Round Four ALG Textbook Transformation Grant.
Affordable Learning Georgia Grants Collections are intended to provide faculty with the frameworks to quickly implement or revise the same materials as a Textbook Transformation Grants team, along with the aims and lessons learned from project teams during the implementation process.
Documents are in .pdf format, with a separate .docx (Word) version available for download. Each collection contains the following materials:
- Linked Syllabus
- Initial Proposal
- Final Report
Introduction To General Psychology (University Of West Georgia), Mark Kunkel, Fiona Gallagher, Cher Hendricks
Introduction To General Psychology (University Of West Georgia), Mark Kunkel, Fiona Gallagher, Cher Hendricks
Psychology, Sociology, Anthropology, and Social Work Grants Collections
This Grants Collection for Advanced Databases was created under a Round Four ALG Textbook Transformation Grant.
Affordable Learning Georgia Grants Collections are intended to provide faculty with the frameworks to quickly implement or revise the same materials as a Textbook Transformation Grants team, along with the aims and lessons learned from project teams during the implementation process.
Documents are in .pdf format, with a separate .docx (Word) version available for download. Each collection contains the following materials:
- Linked Syllabus
- Initial Proposal
- Final Report
Fundamentals Of Speech, Barbara Tucker, Melissa Whitesell, Jerry Drye, Sarah Min, Clint Kinkead, Kristin Barton
Fundamentals Of Speech, Barbara Tucker, Melissa Whitesell, Jerry Drye, Sarah Min, Clint Kinkead, Kristin Barton
Communication Grants Collections
This Grants Collection uses the grant-supported open textbook Exploring Public Speaking from Dalton State College:
http://oer.galileo.usg.edu/communication-textbooks/1/
This Grants Collection for Fundamentals of Speech was created under a Round Three ALG Textbook Transformation Grant.
Affordable Learning Georgia Grants Collections are intended to provide faculty with the frameworks to quickly implement or revise the same materials as a Textbook Transformation Grants team, along with the aims and lessons learned from project teams during the implementation process.
Documents are in .pdf format, with a separate .docx (Word) version available for download. Each collection contains the following materials:
- Linked Syllabus
- Initial Proposal
- Final …
Journal Of The National Collegiate Honors Council, Vol. 17, No. 2 (Fall/Winter 2016) [Complete Issue]
Journal of the National Collegiate Honors Council Online Archive
In This Issue
Forum Articles
AP, Dual Enrollment, and the Survival of Honors Education •Annmarie Guzy
Rethinking Honors Curriculum in Light of the AP/IB/Dual Enrollment Challenge: Innovation and Curricular Flexibility •David Coleman and Katie Patton
Using Hybrid Courses to Enhance Honors Offerings in the Disciplines •Karen D. Youmans
A Dual Perspective on AP, Dual Enrollment, and Honors •Heather C. Camp and Giovanna E. Walters
Got AP? •Joan Digby
AP: Not a Replacement for Challenging College Coursework •Margaret Walsh
Research Essays
The ICSS and the Development of Black Collegiate Honors Education …
Front Matter, Vol. 17, No. 2
Journal of the National Collegiate Honors Council Online Archive
Cover
Mast Head
Contents
Call for Papers
Editorial Policy
Submission Guidelines
Dedication - Dail W. Mullins Jr.
Perspectives On The Meaning Of "Disability", Leslie Francis, Anita Silvers
Perspectives On The Meaning Of "Disability", Leslie Francis, Anita Silvers
Utah Law Faculty Scholarship
The meaning of “disability” has shifted with changes in public policy. Half a century ago, Congress was convinced that narrow determinations of disability are easy for physicians to make. But with the advent of universal civil rights protection against disability discrimination in the US, deciding whether particular individuals are disabled became increasingly contentious, until Congress intervened. What should now be addressed in each case is not whether the functionally compromised person is severely disabled enough to exercise a right, but whether mitigating interventions and reasonable accommodations can together achieve equitable access for that person.