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2016

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Designing The Unknown: Supervising Design Students Who Manage Mental Health Issues, Welby Ings Jun 2016

Designing The Unknown: Supervising Design Students Who Manage Mental Health Issues, Welby Ings

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Seneca in his Moral Essays said, ‘No great genius has ever existed without some touch of madness’ (1928, p. 284). When working with highly gifted designers, it is not uncommon to encounter such a connection. However, as supervisors we can often find ourselves navigating unstable territories with little pedagogical guidance. This article discusses some implications of working creatively with Design students who manage mental health conditions in a postgraduate environment in a New Zealand University. In doing so, it considers it reflects upon the research journeys of two candidates and the construction of responsive, creativity supportive environments developed to support …

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“Dis - Course Is Killer!” Educating The Critically Reflective Designer, Veronik Kelly Jun 2016

“Dis - Course Is Killer!” Educating The Critically Reflective Designer, Veronik Kelly

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Design practice knowledge is culturally and socially mediated, and historically situated. It is a discourse. Discourse, when conceived as a social practice, is simultaneously a method of understanding and signifying the world, a mode of acting upon the world and other persons, and also a means of transforming these operations (Fairclough, 1993). The significance of conceiving of design as a discursive practice is that it draws attention to the ways in which design knowledge is (re)produced by a particular culture and tied to human conduct. In these terms, a critical approach to analysing discourse as a social practice can be …

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Reverse Innovation: How Has Design In The Greater Pearl River Delta Region Changed The World, Ningchang Zhou, Tao Huang Jun 2016

Reverse Innovation: How Has Design In The Greater Pearl River Delta Region Changed The World, Ningchang Zhou, Tao Huang

DRS Biennial Conference Series

After more than 40 years of rapid development, industrial design in Mainland China is due for a thorough documentation and examination. In particular, design in the Greater Pearl River Delta region has played a crucial role in this process and must be studied carefully to help us understand what could transpire in the future. This paper aims at deepening the understanding of the cultural context of innovations in the Greater Pearl River Delta Region. Based on years of direct involvement with the growing of the industrial design profession, the authors started a research project to document significant design companies that …

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Serious Play Strategies In The Design Of Kinetic And Wearable Devices, Lois Frankel, Ellen Hrinivich Jun 2016

Serious Play Strategies In The Design Of Kinetic And Wearable Devices, Lois Frankel, Ellen Hrinivich

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Encouraging spontaneous creativity is an on-going quest in design. Play embodies this. This paper builds on the concept of “serious play” as a design strategy for creating new and innovative ideas. It discusses a qualitative study involving six teams of designers, each generating initial concepts for wearable and interactive kinetic devices. It describes the playful interactions that emerged as a common strategy for their collaborative and creative ideation practices. It contributes features that further clarify the nature of serious play in relation to humour, role-playing scenarios, gestures, and multi-sensory involvement.

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The Ways Of Synesthetic Translation: Design Models For Media Accessibility, Dina Riccò Jun 2016

The Ways Of Synesthetic Translation: Design Models For Media Accessibility, Dina Riccò

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Synesthetic translation, historically applied to artistic productions and in the twentieth century applied by scholars to neuroscience to explain the unity of the senses, is addressed, defined and illustrated in this paper with regard to designing access to content. In particular, the paper shows how the concept of accessibility, underlying every interlinguistic translation process, may be promoted by synthetic translations, i.e. particular types of intersemiotic translation - among various codes (verbal, figurative, sonorous, etc.) - in which the original text (prototext) and the translated text (metatext) use different sensory registers. The goal is to achieve a form of design that …

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Introducing Experience Goals Into Packaging Design, Markus Joutsela, Virpi Roto Jun 2016

Introducing Experience Goals Into Packaging Design, Markus Joutsela, Virpi Roto

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Consumer experiences are an increasingly important driving force for commerce, affecting also packaging design. Yet, experience design for packages is rarely studied. Specifically, there is a gap in research regarding the integration of experiential goals, Xgoals, into the packaging design process. Open questions include how to describe Xgoals in design briefs when package design is outsourced, how to deal with changes during the design process, and how to evaluate whether the delivered design evokes the intended experience in the target audience. In this explorative paper we present three package design cases in which Xgoals were integrated into the design briefs. …

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United We Stand: A Critique Of The Design Thinking Approach In Interdisciplinary Innovation, Fiona Maciver, Julian Malins, Julia Kantorovich, Aggelos Liapis Jun 2016

United We Stand: A Critique Of The Design Thinking Approach In Interdisciplinary Innovation, Fiona Maciver, Julian Malins, Julia Kantorovich, Aggelos Liapis

DRS Biennial Conference Series

There has been a recent upsurge in the promotion of ‘creative thinking’. The input of several disciplines is necessary to innovate new products and services. However, there remain many challenges to collaboration amongst creative and science-based disciplines. This paper examines disparities between designers and technologists when innovating and tackling problems. It is suggested that dominance of one party is likely to result in inadequate results. This paper seeks to explore how collaboration can be mediated by design thinking. A case study of designers and technologists working on a software development project is presented. The case study highlights challenges resulting from …

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Introduction: Design And Translation, Giovanni Baule, Elena Caratti Jun 2016

Introduction: Design And Translation, Giovanni Baule, Elena Caratti

DRS Biennial Conference Series

The linking of knowledge domains is an important indicator to how knowledge operates and can address priorities, values and scope held by the user. In this paper, source domains used in the discussion of architectural content are of interest. One of the strongest tools to examine knowledge sources is Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT) and metaphor analysis. The paper uses a corpus of contemporary architectural theory and criticism texts to analyse the source domains used in architectural cognition through the Cognitive Linguistic and Discourse Analysis application of CMT. The analysis highlights the contemporary presence of traditional source domains but also addresses …

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Graphicality: Why Is There Not Such A Word?, Robert Harland, David Craib Jun 2016

Graphicality: Why Is There Not Such A Word?, Robert Harland, David Craib

DRS Biennial Conference Series

The concept of graphicality first appeared in the work of Edgar Allan Poe. Taking its title from Poe’s painterly metaphor, this paper seeks to understand how graphicality may inform aspects of design thinking that have been neglected. We explore the current use, origins and aspects of graphicality, and contextualise it in some real world scenarios to reaffirm how we live in a graphic age, and how graphicality must be better understood in the way we comprehend other displays of human ability, such as musicality. Poe provides us with a starting point for relating the physical and mental domains of image …

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Visual Thinking Styles And Idea Generation Strategies Employed In Visual Brainstorming Sessions, Naz A.G.Z. Börekci Jun 2016

Visual Thinking Styles And Idea Generation Strategies Employed In Visual Brainstorming Sessions, Naz A.G.Z. Börekci

DRS Biennial Conference Series

This paper presents the findings of visual analyses conducted on 369 sketch ideas generated in three 6-3-5 visual brainstorming sessions by a total of 25 participants, following the same design brief. The motivation for the study was an interest in the thematic content of the ideas generated as groups, and the individual representation styles used for the sketches. The analyses revealed the determinants of individual visual thinking styles as: idea types, sketching patterns, sketching styles, annotation styles, and performances in producing design solutions. The idea generation strategies of the participants were: using analogies, diversifying the design solutions, determining the usage …

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I Know This One, But The Answer Is Complex..., Simon Downs Jun 2016

I Know This One, But The Answer Is Complex..., Simon Downs

DRS Biennial Conference Series

There is a seductive logic in Abelson's 1979 paper Differences between belief and knowledge systems. This seduction comes in the form of an implicit promise that the formulation of a working epistemological address to the problems raised in the paper will give us a toolset that will blow away the fog of belief from the human landscape. This paper proposes that the very dynamism that makes the human landscape a swamp of wicked problems makes Abelson's conjecture – however true they may be on a meta scale – an unproductive addition to the designers toolbox. It proposes that middle-range theories …

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Designing For Sustainability: A Dialogue-Based Approach To The Design Of Food Packaging Experiences., Zoi Stergiadou, Jenny Darzentas, Spyros Bofylatos Jun 2016

Designing For Sustainability: A Dialogue-Based Approach To The Design Of Food Packaging Experiences., Zoi Stergiadou, Jenny Darzentas, Spyros Bofylatos

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Packaging plays a vital role in making products competitive and our lives vibrant and interesting. This paper investigates the design process of food packaging as an artifact that aims to co-create meaning entwined with the values of sustainability through designing propositional artifacts. These are artifacts that embody issues of concern and can help us reflect on their implications. A case study is presented where the aim of communication-through-packaging was to disseminate the values of sustainability in various ways, by informing and motivating consumers to change their buying habits, encourage packaging reuse or upcycling, and embrace authenticity, quality and locality in …

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Design Methods For Meaning Discovery: A Patient- Oriented Health Research Case Study, David Craib, Lorenzo Imbesi Jun 2016

Design Methods For Meaning Discovery: A Patient- Oriented Health Research Case Study, David Craib, Lorenzo Imbesi

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Communication designers encode messages into verbo-visual presentations to be decoded later by message receivers. This demands that designers choose what meanings to encode. Various tools enabling the exploration and understanding of meaning have been developed through the disciplines of psychology and semiotics, but generally have been used as meaning-analysis tools to analyse texts, and not primarily for meaning creation. Do tools exist to empower a designer to determine the meaning of a message they are tasked to create? Are these tools scalable, able to be used iteratively, and are they efficient? We explore various meaning-analysis tools and apply one of …

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Iphoneography And New Aesthetics: The Emergence Of A Social Visual Communication Through Image-Based Social Media, Eman Alshawaf Jun 2016

Iphoneography And New Aesthetics: The Emergence Of A Social Visual Communication Through Image-Based Social Media, Eman Alshawaf

DRS Biennial Conference Series

New digital imaging practices have arisen with the emergence of image- based social media. An aesthetics that is both visual and social in nature is emerging and clearly manifesting on the user-friendly platform Instagram. While new visual aesthetics are rooted in the new attraction to vintage filters, social aesthetics manifest in embracing the mundane aspects of human life as a source for visual communication. Amateur image-makers are taking the lead and experimenting with new visual forms of expression. The field of visual communication has not yet examined such timely issues, so this paper argues for increased attention to new digital …

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Beautiful Nerds: Growing A Rigorous Design Research Dialogue In The Irish Context, Adam De Eyto, Carmel Maher, Mark Hadfield, Maggie Hutchings Jun 2016

Beautiful Nerds: Growing A Rigorous Design Research Dialogue In The Irish Context, Adam De Eyto, Carmel Maher, Mark Hadfield, Maggie Hutchings

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Ireland is a country with a small and emergent design research community. Relative to other countries, the practice of design itself in Ireland is a recent development with the first formal design courses materialising in the mid-1970s. Without historical legacy and sustained coordinated support from design specific state development agencies, the progress of this nascent Irish design sector has been fragmented and unfocused. Irish Design 2015 (ID2015) a yearlong government backed initiative sought to address this lack of coherence in tandem with increasing the visibility and profile of Irish design. This article reflects on the historical context Irish design research …

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Design And The Creation Of Representational Artefacts For Interactive Social Problem Solving, Richard Cooney, Nifeli Stewart, Tania Ivanka, Neal Haslem Jun 2016

Design And The Creation Of Representational Artefacts For Interactive Social Problem Solving, Richard Cooney, Nifeli Stewart, Tania Ivanka, Neal Haslem

DRS Biennial Conference Series

This paper highlights the role of design and designers in the creation of visual artefacts as boundary objects to be used to facilitate social problem solving. Many problems in human service systems can only be solved by purposive action amongst the stakeholders of the system but each stakeholder has only a partial view of the system. Boundary objects that present a multi-stakeholder perspective can facilitate problem solving by creating representations of the system that are meaningful to all stakeholders. In this study we used sensemaking (often a textual practice) and visualisation to create a high complexity representational artefact to enable …

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Creating Novel Encounters With Nature: Approaches And Design Explorations, Thomas J. L. Van Rompay, Geke D. S. Ludden Jun 2016

Creating Novel Encounters With Nature: Approaches And Design Explorations, Thomas J. L. Van Rompay, Geke D. S. Ludden

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Interest in the codification and application of design methods is rapidly growing as businesses increasingly utilize “design thinking” approaches. However, in this uptake of design methods that encourage designerly action, the ontological status of design methods is often diffuse, with contradictory messages from practitioners and academics about the purpose and desired use of methods within a designer’s process. In this paper, I explore the paradoxical nature of design methods, arguing for a nuanced view that includes the (often) conflicting qualities of prescription and performance. A prescriptive view of methods is drawn from the specification of methods and their “proper” use …

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Elucidating Perceptions Of Australian And Chinese Industrial Design From The Next Generation Of Industrial Designers, Blair Kuys, Wenwen Zhang Jun 2016

Elucidating Perceptions Of Australian And Chinese Industrial Design From The Next Generation Of Industrial Designers, Blair Kuys, Wenwen Zhang

DRS Biennial Conference Series

China is passing through a challenging transition: the labour-force expansion and surging investment that propelled three decades of growth are now weakening. Australia is experiencing similar issues. In Australia the economy over this same period has survived on mainly mining of natural resources mostly exported to China. This cannot be sustained and a push from a resource economy to a knowledge economy needs to start. This study goes into detail about perceived issues associated with industrial design programs at a university level in both China and Australia. It then consists of a pilot survey targeted at Chinese and Australian industrial …

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Promoting An Emancipatory Research Paradigm In Design Education And Practice, Lesley-Ann Noel Jun 2016

Promoting An Emancipatory Research Paradigm In Design Education And Practice, Lesley-Ann Noel

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Emancipatory research is a research perspective of producing knowledge that can be of benefit to disadvantaged people. It is an umbrella term that can include many streams of critical theory based research such as feminist, disability, race and gender theory. One of the key assumptions in emancipatory research is that there are multiple realities, and that research is not only created by the ‘dominant or elite researcher’. Given the development of branches of design research such as inclusive design, participatory design and design for social innovation, where the designer interacts with and designs with and for people who may be …

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Juxtaposing Chinese And Western Representational Principles: New Design Methods For Information Graphics In The Field Of Intercultural Communication, Ruedi Baur, Ulrike Felsing Jun 2016

Juxtaposing Chinese And Western Representational Principles: New Design Methods For Information Graphics In The Field Of Intercultural Communication, Ruedi Baur, Ulrike Felsing

DRS Biennial Conference Series

This article examines knowledge graphics from the Chinese and Western cultures, which, in the course of globalization, are being increasingly loosened from their original cultural references. If it is assumed that at most pictographs, but not complex graphics, are universally understandable, “visual translations” must be developed for knowledge graphics if we are to transfer them into another cultural reference system. Using the example of a widespread graphic form-the tree diagram-the research presented here will explain specific representational principles and the cultural concepts on which they are based. Here, on the visible surface, formal correlations can indeed be observed. However, if …

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Data Visualisation Does Political Things, Joanna Boehnert Jun 2016

Data Visualisation Does Political Things, Joanna Boehnert

DRS Biennial Conference Series

In this paper I advance the theory of critical communication design by exploring the politics of data, information and knowledge visualisation in three bodies of work. Data reflects power relations, special interests and ideologies that determine which data is collected, what data is used and how it is used. In a review of Max Roser’s Our World in Data, I develop the concepts of digital positivism, datawash and darkdata. Looking at the Climaps by Emaps project, I describe how knowledge visualisation can support integrated learning on complex problems and nurture relational perception. Finally, I present my own Mapping Climate Communication …

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Code, Decode, Recode: Constructing, Deconstructing And Reconstructing Knowledge Through Making, Anna Piper Jun 2016

Code, Decode, Recode: Constructing, Deconstructing And Reconstructing Knowledge Through Making, Anna Piper

DRS Biennial Conference Series

In craft practice, embodied knowledge is constructed (‘coded’) through the hands-on experience of making and application of technical rules, subsequently deconstructed (‘decoded’) through reflection and analysis, before being rebuilt (‘recoded’) to further develop practice and outcomes. In this paper practice-led PhD research into the development composite woven garments is used to demonstrate the vital role that process and object analysis play in the advancement of creative practice and a successful transition from hand to digital production. Drawing parallels between hand weaving and computer use, it explores how the ‘digital thinking’ inherent in weaving can facilitate a productive relationship with digital …

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Word To Image – Image To Word The Contribution Of Visual Communication To Understanding And Dialog, Michael Renner Jun 2016

Word To Image – Image To Word The Contribution Of Visual Communication To Understanding And Dialog, Michael Renner

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Translation, understood as an interpretation of experience, opens a broad field of inquiry into a variety of disciplines. Hans-Georg Gadder’s description of hermeneutics as a language-based methodology to develop understanding, insight, and agreement within a group, serves as the starting point to analyze the practice of visual communication as a form of interpretation, negotiation, and insight. In a first step, the paper discusses the process of drawing and its relationship to interpretation. The classification of drawing as a gestural activity establishes a link to recent anthropological theories, which see gestures as precursors of the human language. Through an analysis of …

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Towards Translation Design A New Paradigm For Design Research, Giovanni Baule Jun 2016

Towards Translation Design A New Paradigm For Design Research, Giovanni Baule

DRS Biennial Conference Series

In this paper we explore the concept of translation, starting from the assumption that it constitutes an essential reference for design culture. We assume that a designer (and in particular a communication designer) is a “translator”, since he realises a continuous process of mediation, transfer and re-transcription between the systems of departure and arrival. This perspective leads us to suppose that the application of the “translational paradigm” within the design domain can generate new design sensitivities and new research opportunities into language and into the processes of transferral between different supports and media. We believe that design has specific affinities …

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Design As Symbolic Violence. Design For Social Justice, Joanna Boehnert, Bianca Elzenbaumer, Dimeji Onafuwa Jun 2016

Design As Symbolic Violence. Design For Social Justice, Joanna Boehnert, Bianca Elzenbaumer, Dimeji Onafuwa

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Design embeds ideas in communication and artefacts in subtle and psychologically powerful ways. Sociologist Pierre Bourdieu coined the term ‘symbolic violence’ to describe how powerful ideologies, priorities, values and even sensibilities are constructed and reproduced through cultural institutions, processes and practices. Through symbolic violence, individuals learn to consider unjust conditions as natural and even come to value customs and ideas that are oppressive.Design functions as symbolic violence when it is involved with the creation and reproduction of ideas, practices, tools and processes that result in structural and other types of violence (including ecocide). Breaking symbolic violence involves discovering how it …

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On Presenting A Rich Picture For Stakeholder Dialogue, Abigail C. Durrant, Wendy Moncur, David S. Kirk, Diego Trujillo Pisanty, Kathryn Orzech Jun 2016

On Presenting A Rich Picture For Stakeholder Dialogue, Abigail C. Durrant, Wendy Moncur, David S. Kirk, Diego Trujillo Pisanty, Kathryn Orzech

DRS Biennial Conference Series

In this paper we describe the design and use of a polyphonic picture book for engaging public sector and industry stakeholders with findings from an academic research project. The project combined interdisciplinary expertise to investigate how UK citizens create and manage online digital identities at three significant life transitions, aiming to deliver social, cultural and technical findings to inform policy- making and service innovation for enhancing digital literacy in online self- representation. The picture book communicated empirical insights through the presentation of multi-perspectival, fictional scenarios about individuals’ experiences at the life transitions studied. We deployed the book with our project …

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Designing Diagrams For Social Issues, Michele Mauri, Paolo Ciuccarelli Jun 2016

Designing Diagrams For Social Issues, Michele Mauri, Paolo Ciuccarelli

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Emerging approaches in social sciences and new media studies involve inquiry into social issues via the web. By collecting, analysing and visualising digital traces (i.e. posts, tweets, comments), a “issue map” can be created in order to make visible and understandable the network of the actors involved and their position in any public debate. Drawing on experiences gathered during a European project, we identified a two-phases-approach for the creation of issue maps. In the two phases - exploration and communication - visualisations play a key role, with two different connotations: in the first, they act as analytical devices used by …

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Towards More Culturally Inclusive Communication Design Practices: Exploring Creative Participation Between Non-Indigenous And Indigenous People In Australia, Nicola St John Jun 2016

Towards More Culturally Inclusive Communication Design Practices: Exploring Creative Participation Between Non-Indigenous And Indigenous People In Australia, Nicola St John

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Currently, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander narratives and participation within communication design practices in Australia are scarce. The Australian communication design industry, currently reinforcing Eurocentric practices, needs to develop a better understanding of the social and cultural dimensions of design and to provide more inclusive practices for designers from underrepresented or marginalised groups. Through case study analysis, this paper explores and discusses a more inclusive way of working with Indigenous people and content within communication design. It draws from and applies principals of Transformative Participatory Action research to communication design practice – a more inclusive model for Indigenous creative practice …

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Collaborative Imaging. The Communicative Practice Of Hand Sketching In Experimental Physics, Judith Marlen Dobler Jun 2016

Collaborative Imaging. The Communicative Practice Of Hand Sketching In Experimental Physics, Judith Marlen Dobler

DRS Biennial Conference Series

This paper presents on-going ethnographic fieldwork in design research conducted in an x-ray laboratory. The study investigates physicists’ hand sketching as a collaborative imaging practice and depicts collaborative drawing as a distinct form of knowledge in between the spaces of notation and verbal articulation. Physicists’ collaborative sketching is captured through methods taken from design research and STS, including participant observation, videography and drawings by the design researcher. In order to analyse the functions of the collaborative sketching, three key aspects of the research are discussed in this paper. First, the spaces and materiality of the laboratory are observed. Second, the …

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Could Lego® Serious Play® Be A Useful Technique For Product Co - Design?, Julia Anne Garde, Mascha Cecile Van Der Voort Jun 2016

Could Lego® Serious Play® Be A Useful Technique For Product Co - Design?, Julia Anne Garde, Mascha Cecile Van Der Voort

DRS Biennial Conference Series

This paper studies the usefulness of the LEGO® Serious Play® technique for co-designing products with potential future users with the help of two design cases. The technique has originally been developed for team and strategy building and its strongest aspects are the fully developed step-by step approach as well as the power of LEGO® to level the playing field and enable all participants to contribute to a group session. While levelling the playing field has been verified in the presented design case studies, the step- by step approach needs adaptions for product design and the participant group constellation needs special …

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