Digital Commons Network^™

Occupational Therapy Feeding And Eating Interventions For Autism Spectrum Disorders And Pervasive Developmental Disorders: A Systematic Review, Jordan T. Adolf, Hana M. Mattern

Occupational Therapy Capstones

Due to the limited evidence and lack of methodological rigor regarding feeding and issues in children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) and Pervasive Developmental Disorders (PDD), clinicians who treat children with these diagnoses rely on the limited amount of information and many are not aware of evidence-based interventions (Ahearn, Castine, Nault, & Green, 2001; Marshall, Hill, & Dodrill, 2013). The purpose of this scholarly project is to gather, critique, and determine efficacy of occupational therapy feeding and eating interventions for children with ASD and PDD.

We systematically reviewed literature for higher-level evidence, as defined by Level III evidence or above, …

Biodegradation Of Lignin By Fungi, Bacteria And Laccases, Fnu Asina

Theses and Dissertations

Lignin, a heterogeneous three-dimensional biopolymer, is one of the building blocks of lignocellulosic biomass. Due to its limited chemical reactivity, lignin is currently processed as a low value by-product in pulp and paper mills. Therefore, valorization of lignin holds great potential as this would provide a readily available source of aromatic compounds for various industrial applications. In this study, indulin AT biodegradation was assessed by comparing the effects of basidiomycetous fungi (Coriolus versicolor and Trametes gallica) and actinobacteria (Mycobacterium sp. and Streptomyces sp.) to those of two commercial laccases, those from T. versicolor (≥ 10 U/mg) and C. versicolor (≥ …

Hommage Á Trois: A Tale Of Some Very Hungry Grammia Spp. Caterpillars, Katherine Hernandez

Theses and Dissertations

Larvae of the Arctiinae use an impressive arsenal of defenses to protect themselves against natural enemies. Several species within this subfamily have been studied for their defensive capabilities, specifically the use of plant secondary metabolites. Life history and sequestration patterns of secondary metabolites have been well documented for Grammia incorrupta; however, little information exists for other species of Grammia. Furthermore, information on sequestration patterns during the immature stages of several Grammia spp. is largely unknown. To address these gaps in knowledge, I am conducting a comparative study of the chemical ecology and life history traits for the virgin tiger moth …

Vitamin D Awareness, Prevalence Of Supplementation And Estimated Total Vitamin D Intake In College Athletes, Bennett Leitch

Theses and Dissertations

This study aimed to investigate the awareness of vitamin D among collegiate athletes and evaluate the association between vitamin D awareness and total dietary intake of vitamin D. Eighty-one athletes completed the vitamin D awareness and dietary intake questionnaire. The results showed that males and females had very little concern over their vitamin D levels. Men reported 20.7% while females 25% for “likely” or “very likely”. Furthermore, overall male and female belief for being at risk for vitamin D deficiency was low. Males reported 24.1% for either “likely” or “very likely” to be at risk for deficiency and females 30.7% …

Identity, Wellness, And Academics: A Move Toward A Freshmen Seminar For All Students, Matthew Torgerson

Theses and Dissertations

Using the Dana (2014) inquiry model, research was conducted to discover what traditional first-year students need to be successful in their academic careers. The research consists extensively of literature review along with casual conversations with faculty, staff, and students at a small, rural college in the Midwest. Through this research, identity development, wellness, and academics were found to be the most prevalent needs for freshmen success. This paper discusses each of these areas in depth as well as gives discussion and recommendations on how identity, wellness, and academics can be implemented into a first-year seminar curriculum.

Teacher Perceptions Of Facilitated Video Analysis Of Instruction In Teacher Professional Development, Benson Ayang Bakabaka

Theses and Dissertations

This qualitative study investigated inservice teachers’ perceptions of facilitated video analysis of instruction (FAVAI) on teacher professional development. The study borrows from the efficiency video of instruction has provided preservice teachers in previous research. The study made use of a group of five inservice teachers who took a professional development course labeled the Bakabaka Video Pedagogy (BVP). These teachers participated in watching and analyzing videos of instruction. A midcourse anonymous online survey was administered four weeks into the course. At the end of the BVP course, a post-viewing interview was administered to all the participants. The key research questions guiding …

Macronutrient-Flavonoid Interactions, Effects In Model Food Matrices, Jennifer Louise Allen

Open Access Dissertations

Macronutrient-flavonoid interactions have been well documented through the years. Chapter 1 of this document provides an introduction of the literature documenting the theoretical and mechanical framework of their importance in human health, biological interactions, macronutrient interaction, and general bioaccessibility and bioavailability. Though macronutrient interactions have been characterized, often the levels utilized are above those that may be seen in processed food products due to undesirable effects. This document covers the effects two commonly used plant extracts, green tea extract and grape seed, may have on the macronutrient functionality in model food matrices. In Chapter 2 the effects of crude extracts …

Dissecting The Multifaceted Relationship Between Maize And Cochliobolus Carbonum Race 1, Kevin Chu

Open Access Dissertations

The maize pathogen Cochliobolus carbonum race 1 (CCR1) utilizes HC-toxin, an inhibitor of histone deacetylases, as a key determinant of virulence. The maize Hm1 gene confers complete resistance to CCR1 at all stages of development by encoding for an NADPH-dependent reductase that inactivates HC-toxin. Hm1A, Hm1-SM1, and Hm1-SM2 are alleles of Hm1 that exhibit an adult plant resistance (APR) phenotype, being fairly susceptible during the seedling stage and gradually increasing in resistance with development. The HM1A protein differs from HM1 by five amino acid substitutions while HM1-SM1 and HM1-SM2 have a single amino acid substitution each in the predicted NADPH …

Relationships Between Dietary Fiber Structural Features And Growth And Utilization Patterns Of Human Gut Bacteria, Xin Nie

Open Access Dissertations

Intake of dietary fiber is considered an essential strategy to influence gut microbiota, which is associated with many diet-related chronic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and inflammatory bowel diseases. In order to make a better choice of dietary fiber for a desired microbiota shift related to a health outcome, knowledge of fiber degradation and utilization by gut bacteria is critical. However, it is still unclear how specific dietary fiber structures may influence the growth of target bacteria.

Nested Association Mapping To Identify Seed Composition Qtl In Diverse Soybean Lines, Mohammad Wali Salari

Open Access Dissertations

Soybeans are economically the most important legume grown worldwide. It provides quality protein and oil to food and feed markets in addition to being used for industrial products. The value of soybean could be enhanced by increasing protein, oil, and sucrose contents, while lowering anti-nutritional compounds such as oligosaccharides. Understanding the genetic and environmental factors controlling soybean seed composition is an essential prerequisite for such an endeavor. Three separate studies were initiated to understand the underlying genetics governing soybean seed compositional traits.

The Mechanism Of Vitamin D Meidated Protection From Experimental Colitis, Fa Wang

Open Access Dissertations

ABSTRACT

1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D Regulation Of Triacylglycerol Accumulation In Differentiated Adipocytes, Brienna Larrick

Open Access Dissertations

Obesity is a major public health concern, both in the United States and worldwide. Therefore, identification of measures by which obesity may be prevented and reversed is of high priority. Epidemiological studies consistently demonstrate an inverse relationship between serum 25(OH)D levels, an indicator of vitamin D status, and measures of adiposity. These data suggest that vitamin D may play a role in the prevention of excessive adiposity. However, whether vitamin D impacts lipid storage and metabolism in terminally differentiated adipocytes is not yet known. The purpose of this work was to determine the impact of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D), the bioactive …

Hookless1 Regulates Responses To Pathogens And Abscisic Acid Through Interaction With Mediator18 And Acetylation Of Wrky33 And Abi5 Chromatin, Chao-Jan Liao

Open Access Dissertations

Arabidopsis histone acetyltransferase HLS1 has been implicated in the control of seedling development in response to ethylene. Here, we demonstrate that the loss of function hls1 mutant plants have broad effects on the plant development such as early senescence and flowering, seed insensitivity to ABA as well as plant defense responses including enhanced susceptibility to the necrotrophic pathogen Botrytis cinerea and the hemi-biotrophic pathogen Pseudomonas syringae DC3000 strain expressing the effector protein AvrRpm1 strain. We show that HLS1 modulates the expression of WRKY33 gene, a known defense regulator, as well as ABI5 in modulating ABA signaling pathway. The regulation of …

Worldwide Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma Incidences Analyzed By Sex, Age, And Skin Type Over Time (1955–2007): Is Hpv Infection Of Androgenic Hair Follicular Melanocytes A Risk Factor For Developing Melanoma Exclusively In People Of European-Ancestry?, Stephen Merrill, Madhan Subramanian, Dianne E. Godar

Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science Faculty Research and Publications

The cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) incidence has been increasing in an exponential manner in certain populations around the world for over 7 decades. To help illuminate the etiology, we performed worldwide temporal (1955–2007) CMM incidence analysis by sex, age (0–14, 15–29, 30–49, 50–69, 70–85+), and skin type on 6 continents using data from the International Agency for Research on Cancer. We observe an exponential increase in the CMM incidence over time and an increase of about 2 orders of magnitude between age groups 0–14 and 15–29 exclusively in European-ancestry populations around the world independent of skin type (I–III or III–IV). …

Towards Determination Of The Threonine Requirement Of Yearling Horses Fed Varying Dietary Compositions Using The Indicator Amino Acid Oxidation Method, Kelsey M. Smith

Theses and Dissertations--Animal and Food Sciences

The amino acid requirements of growing horses are currently unknown, and studies suggest that threonine is a limiting amino acid in common horse diets. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine the threonine requirement of growing horses fed two different forage to concentrate ratios using the indicator amino acid oxidation method. The study consisted of a high concentrate phase (HC; 60% concentrate and 40% forage) and a high forage phase (HF; 25% concentrate and 75% forage). Within each phase, 6 female yearling Thoroughbred horses were randomly assigned each of 6 dietary treatments in a 6 x 6 Latin …

Effects Of Dietary Amino Acid Supplementation On Measures Of Whole-Body And Muscle Protein Metabolism In Aged Horses, Christine M. Latham

Theses and Dissertations--Animal and Food Sciences

Sarcopenia is a condition that is most common in aged animals, and is characterized by the loss of skeletal muscle mass and integrity, and can lead to physical disability and poor quality of life. Since skeletal muscle protein synthesis can be limited by the availability of amino acids, supplementation of limiting amino acids to ameliorate the progression of sarcopenia has become a topic of interest in companion animal research. Although there is some data to support the idea that amino acid supplementation improves maintenance of muscle mass in aged horses, the cellular mechanisms behind that improvement have yet to be …

Relationships Between Behavioral Measures And Productivity In Finishing Beef Cattle, Jasmyn Mimiko

Theses and Dissertations--Animal and Food Sciences

The relationship between measures of temperament, growth performance, and social hierarchy in finishing beef cattle were explored in two experiments. In experiment 1, high OCS (objective chute score) steers had periods of significantly higher ADG (P < 0.01), but OCS had no relationship with dominance ranking (P > 0.47). Conversely, slow exit velocity (EV) correlated with higher ranking (P ≤ 0.06), but EV had no relationship with performance (P > 0.37) in a competitive environment. Rank showed no relationship with performance (P > .58). In experiment 2, steers with fast EV had periods of decreased growth (P ≤ .06), intake (P ≤ .06), and gain:feed (G:F; P = 0.02). There were no interactions between …

Specialty Poultry Production: Impact Of Genotype, Feed Strategies, Alternative Feedstuffs, And Dietary Enzymes On The Growth Performance And Carcass Characteristics Of Heritage Breed Chickens, Tatijana Fisher

Theses and Dissertations--Animal and Food Sciences

There is a growing market for specialty poultry production using alternative genotypes and management systems. However, producers interested in specialty poultry production face several challenges. One challenge is that little published data exists regarding the growth and production parameters for alternative genotypes like slow-growing meat strains and heritage breeds. To address this challenge, research at the University of Kentucky examined the effect of feed strategies, alternative feedstuffs, and dietary enzymes on the growth and performance of heritage breeds of chicken used for either egg- or meat-production. The first trial documented the growth and nutrient intake of pullets from three heritage …

Back Matter

The Journal of the Assembly for Expanded Perspectives on Learning

No abstract provided.

Winter 2016, Department Of Conflict Analysis And Resolution

DCRS on the Move

No abstract provided.

Accumulation Of Zinc, Copper, Or Cerium In Carrot (Daucus Carota) Exposed To Metal Oxide Nanoparticles And Metal Ions, Stephen Ebbs, Scott Jared Bradfield, Pawan Kumar, Jason White, Craig Musante, Xingmao Ma

Publications

The release of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) into the environment has raised concerns about the potential risks to food safety and human health. There is a particular need to determine the extent of ENP uptake into plant foods. Belowground vegetables growing in direct contact with the growth substrate are likely accumulate the highest concentration of ENPs. Carrot (Daucus carota) was grown in sand amended with ZnO, CuO, or CeO₂ NPs or the same concentrations of Zn²⁺, Cu²⁺, or Ce⁴⁺. Treatment with ZnO or Zn²⁺ produced a concentration-dependent decrease in root and …

Exploring An Old Act For New Protections: How Title Ii Of The Ada Protects Pregnant Women Undergoing Methadone Treatment From State Agency Child Removal, Haley Johnston

Indiana Journal of Law and Social Equality

No abstract provided.

High School Students' Physical Health: Associations With Intrapersonal, Family, Peer, Academic, And Risk Behavior Factors, Kathryn Therese Combs

Wayne State University Dissertations

ABSTRACT

High School Students’ Physical Health: Associations with Intrapersonal,

Family, Peer, Academic, and Risk Behavior Factors

by

KATHRYN THERESE COMBS

MARCH 2016

Advisor: Dr. Cheryl Somers

Major: Educational Psychology

Degree: Doctor of Philosophy

A significant body of research and literature supports the need to address the obesity epidemic as it pertains to children and adolescents. Research has suggested that a multitude of factors are associated with overweight status. This study explored the relationships among weight status (represented in the current study by BMI), key environmental contexts that adolescents are concurrently exposed to, including family and peer relationships, and intrapersonal variables, …

"Treat Everybody Right:" Multidimensional Foodways In Detroit, Alex B. Hill

Wayne State University Theses

Detroit is assumed to be a “food desert” even with contradicting evidence. With fruits and vegetables available at each of Detroit’s 70+ independent grocery stores, there remains a lack of understanding in consumer preference and perception of nutritional access. It was reported in 2010 that upwards of $200 million in grocery spending leaves the City of Detroit. Throughout the months of July to September 2014, 73 Detroit residents participated in focus groups and group interviews to discuss food purchasing habits and perceptions of food access. Of the 73 participants, 51 completed a Food Purchasing and Eating Patterns (FPEP) survey which …

Finding A Way To Get By: Latino Household Economic Strategies In A Time Of Economic And Political Strain, Seline Szkupinski Quiroga, Jennifer E. Glick, Dulce M. Medina

Journal of Latino/Latin American Studies (JOLLAS)

Few studies have addressed how Latino families resident in the United States for many years have been impacted by the economic downturn of 2007–2009, the household economic strategies these families adopted to cope with financial distress, or if such efforts are affected by localized responses to immigration policy. Drawing on survey and matched qualitative interview data from a random sample of Latino households in Phoenix, Arizona, we examine the types and number of household economic strategies families deploy; whether social network composition and exchanges vary according to the level of financial strain experienced and the types of strategies used to …

Is The High Frequency Of Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation After Cardiac And Lung Surgeries Related To Hypomagnesemia And Releases Of Ceramides And Platelet-Activating Factor?, Burton M. Altura, Nilank C. Shah, Gatha J. Shah, Aimin Zhang, Wenyan Li, Bella T. Altura

Touro College of Osteopathic Medicine (Middletown) Publications and Research

The authors discuss the possible role of hypomagnesemia, ceramides and platelet-activating factor in the incidence of postoperative atrial fibrillation after cardiac and lung surgeries.

Postprandial Paraoxonase 1 Activity Following Consumption Of Recommended Amounts Of Mixed Meals In Healthy Males, Noriko Kameyama, Chizuko Maruyama, Kazuhiko Kotani, Russell Caccavello, Alejandro Gugliucci, Sadako Matsui, Taro Maruyama

Faculty Publications & Research of the TUC College of Osteopathic Medicine

Aim: Postprandial lipid level increases induce oxidative stress, which is involved in atherogenesis. The antioxidant properties of paraoxonase 1 (PON1) have attracted attention. However, changes in postprandial PON1 levels differ across prior studies, and changes in PON1 lactonase activity, potentially relevant to PON1 physiology, after the consumption of ordinary meals are unknown. Herein we evaluated postprandial serum lipid levels and PON1 changes following mixed-meal consumption of the amounts recommended for ordinary meals.
Methods: Nine healthy male volunteers consumed three different meals in a randomized cross-over design. The test meals were as follows: S, white rice; SMF, S with …

Dietary Intake Of Vitamin D Is Related To Blood Levels Of Advanced Glycation End Products During A Weight Loss Program In Obese Women, Shin Sukino, Kazuhiko Kotani, Shinsuke Nirengi, Alejandro Gugliucci, Russell Caccavello, Kokoro Tsuzaki, Naoki Sakane

Faculty Publications & Research of the TUC College of Osteopathic Medicine

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) contribute to the pathophysiology of lifestyle-related diseases. To identify nutrients associated with AGEs, this study explored the factors by investigating the relationship between nutrients changes and changes of blood AGEs during a weight loss program in obese women.

SUBJECTS/METHODS: Twenty-five obese women (age: 50 ± 8 years, body mass index: 28.7 ± 3.4 kg/m2 ) underwent a weight loss program with energy-restricted meal replacement for 2 months. Three-day weighted dietary records and blood tests including blood AGEs were performed at the baseline and after the 2-month intervention. Their correlation was examined during …

Diabetes Update: Your Guide To The Latest Ada Standards, Eric Johnson, Florence Warren, Neil Skolnik, Jay H. Shubrook

Faculty Publications & Research of the TUC College of Osteopathic Medicine

The authors highlight the latest changes in the ADA standards and review recommendations of particular relevance for family physicians.

Convergence Of Detrital Stoichiometry Predicts Thresholds Of Nutrient-Stimulated Breakdown In Streams, David W. P. Manning, Amy D. Rosemond, Vladislav Gulis, Jonathan P. Benstead, John S. Kominoski, John C. Maerz

Biology Faculty Publications

Nutrient enrichment of detritus‐based streams increases detrital resource quality for consumers and stimulates breakdown rates of particulate organic carbon (C). The relative importance of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (N) vs. phosphorus (P) for detrital quality and their effects on microbial‐ vs. detritivore‐mediated detrital breakdown are poorly understood. We tested effects of experimental N and P additions on detrital stoichiometry (C:N, C:P) and total and microbial breakdown (i.e., with and without detritivorous shredders, respectively) of five detritus types (four leaf litter species and wood) with different initial C : nutrient content. We enriched five headwater streams continuously for two years at different …