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2016

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Human Papillomavirus And Its Impact On Vulnerable Populations, Harpriya Kaur May 2016

Human Papillomavirus And Its Impact On Vulnerable Populations, Harpriya Kaur

Theses & Dissertations

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection. The infection is higher in certain racial/ethnic groups and those who are immunocompromised including pregnant women. Because immune system is suppressed during pregnancy, women are at higher risk of various types of infection including HPV, a known risk factor for pregnancy complications. However, its role in adverse pregnancy outcomes is unclear. Another high risk population is Northern Plain American Indian. In the Northern Plains region, American Indian women have significantly higher rate of HPV infection than white counterparts and are infected with different types of HPVs than the general population. …

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Global Gains, Local Costs? Evaluating The Nexus Of Industrial Agriculture, Conservation Science, And Rural Livelihoods In The African Tropics, Rachel E. Palkovitz May 2016

Global Gains, Local Costs? Evaluating The Nexus Of Industrial Agriculture, Conservation Science, And Rural Livelihoods In The African Tropics, Rachel E. Palkovitz

Senior Honors Projects, 2010-2019

Industrial agriculture and protected areas for biodiversity conservation are two major drivers of land use policy in the African tropics, with consequences for both biodiversity and rural human populations. In Tanzania, conservation and development have led to the marginalization of pastoralists, including and especially rural Maasai. I examine how local perceptions of land use and livelihoods are influenced by recent and historical expansion of protected areas and large-scale industrial crop plantations in Longido, northern Tanzania. Using the framework of political ecology, I situate the emergence of industrial agriculture, especially that of palm oil, and protected areas in the African tropics …

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The Effect Of Stress On Bone Mineral Density In College Aged Females, Grace C. Berardini May 2016

The Effect Of Stress On Bone Mineral Density In College Aged Females, Grace C. Berardini

Senior Honors Projects, 2010-2019

The relationship between psychological variables and bone mineral density (BMD) has been increasingly studied in the past few years, with research suggesting that decreased mood may play a role in decreased BMD. The purpose of this study was to determine if stress in college aged females on the James Madison University campus was related to decreased BMD. This study included 46 females between the ages of 18-24, who were currently enrolled in the Fall of 2015. All participants completed a medical questionnaire, 24-hour dietary recall, the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS). Participants’ BMD …

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The Effect Of Depression On Bone Mineral Density In College-Aged Females, Caitlin A. Cadematori May 2016

The Effect Of Depression On Bone Mineral Density In College-Aged Females, Caitlin A. Cadematori

Senior Honors Projects, 2010-2019

Research regarding the relationship between depression and bone mineral density (BMD) has produced very inconsistent and limited results, especially in younger females. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between depression scores and BMD in college-aged female students. Forty-six participants, ages 18-24 (+/-1.0368) completed a 24-hour dietary recall, medical history, Beck’s Depression Inventory and the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS) and had their femur and sacral vertebrae BMD, z-score, and t-score measured in the Dual X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA) machine. Participant demographics were analyzed with descriptive statistics and potential variable correlations were analyzed by partial and bipartial …

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Effective Communication Of School Health Screening Information: A Pilot Study Evaluating The Effect Of Electronic Communication Of Bmi Screening Information In Elementary Schools, Kara Elizabeth Carter May 2016

Effective Communication Of School Health Screening Information: A Pilot Study Evaluating The Effect Of Electronic Communication Of Bmi Screening Information In Elementary Schools, Kara Elizabeth Carter

Senior Honors Projects, 2010-2019

Obesity is a growing concern surrounding today’s youth. School-based health screenings are promoted as a public health strategy to identify obese children and those at high risk for becoming obese. Despite numerous programs, data is lacking in effective school to parent communication of health related information. The purpose of this research is to determine the effect of electronic communication of health screening outcomes, including parents’ understanding of screening information, utilization of informational resources, and decision to seek physician follow-up. Screenings for body mass index, acanthosis nigricans and blood pressure were conducted during school hours among children in kindergarten and third …

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Isolation And Enumeration Of Vibrio Vulnificus And Vibrio Parahaemolyticus From Coastal Virginia, Zackary A. Zayakosky May 2016

Isolation And Enumeration Of Vibrio Vulnificus And Vibrio Parahaemolyticus From Coastal Virginia, Zackary A. Zayakosky

Senior Honors Projects, 2010-2019

Vibrio vulnificus and V. parahaemolyticus are gram-negative, halophilic bacteria that are found throughout estuarial waters during the summer months, and are commonly associated with human infection. Gastroenteritis and other related symptoms can occur following infection from either organism, which most often occurs as a result of consumption of raw oysters or other seafood. V. vulnificus is particularly virulent, and can also produce wound infections that lead to severe septicemia and death. Due to the increasing rates of infection for these two organisms, recent research efforts have focused on potential environmental conditions and reservoirs that would be indicative of increased Vibrio …

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Evaluation Of Interleukin-3 In Blood-Stage Immunity Against Murine Malaria Plasmodium Yoelii, Haley E. Davis May 2016

Evaluation Of Interleukin-3 In Blood-Stage Immunity Against Murine Malaria Plasmodium Yoelii, Haley E. Davis

Senior Honors Projects, 2010-2019

Malaria is a mosquito-borne infection caused by the parasitic protozoan Plasmodium. This disease infects over 200-300 million people and causes nearly 400,000 deaths every year. Our laboratory previously examined malarial infection caused by Plasmodium berghei NK65, a lethal rodent strain that induces symptoms similar to those observed in humans. The results of this previous study indicated that the hematopoietic growth factor and immunoregulatory cytokine interleukin-3 (IL-3) suppressed protective immunity against infection with P. berghei NK65. However, the extent to which IL-3 contributes to host defense against blood-stage malaria infection caused by other Plasmodium species remains to be determined. In …

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Internalized Stigma Among Hiv-Positive Men On Antiretroviral Therapy In Urban India, Mitchell L. Irving May 2016

Internalized Stigma Among Hiv-Positive Men On Antiretroviral Therapy In Urban India, Mitchell L. Irving

Master's Theses

No abstract provided.

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Physical Activity: Lack Of Mitigation Of Adverse Effect Of Pro-Inflammatory Diet, Aivi T. Doan May 2016

Physical Activity: Lack Of Mitigation Of Adverse Effect Of Pro-Inflammatory Diet, Aivi T. Doan

Master's Theses

BACKGROUND: To date, no studies have evaluated if moderate and/or vigorous PA physical activity (mv-PA) mitigates the adverse effect of a pro-inflammatory diet. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and constructed the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) score. Expenditure of mv-PA was obtained from two sources. Multivariate Logistic Regression was performed to calculate Odds Ratios (OR) and 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs). RESULTS: Participants with a DII score in the top quartile were 33% more likely to exhibit elevated CRP than persons with a DII score in the lowest quartile (referent). …

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A Retrospective Study Assessing The Predictive Performance Of A Lung Cancer Screening Risk Prediction Model In A Clinical Lung Cancer Screening Program, Andrea K. Borondy Kitts May 2016

A Retrospective Study Assessing The Predictive Performance Of A Lung Cancer Screening Risk Prediction Model In A Clinical Lung Cancer Screening Program, Andrea K. Borondy Kitts

Master's Theses

Background: United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) and Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) recommendations for annual screening for lung cancer with low dose CT (LDCT) scans rely on age and smoking history to identify those at high risk for lung cancer. The Tammemagi et al. six year lung cancer risk prediction model, PLCOm2012, developed and validated in large lung cancer screening clinical trials, demonstrated good predictive performance in screening selection. However, the model has not been validated in clinical practice. Validating the model in clinical practice would increase confidence in its ability to provide information for shared …

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Long-Term Feeding Ecology Of Early-Stage Striped Bass (Morone Saxatilis) And American Shad (Alosa Sapidissima) In The Hudson River Estuary, Michael G. Smircich May 2016

Long-Term Feeding Ecology Of Early-Stage Striped Bass (Morone Saxatilis) And American Shad (Alosa Sapidissima) In The Hudson River Estuary, Michael G. Smircich

Master's Theses

No abstract provided.

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Does The Shortened Environmental Symptoms Questionnaire Accurately Represent Physiological Adaptations Following A 10 Day Heat Acclimation Protocol And The Decay Thereafter?, Rachel Marie Vanscoy May 2016

Does The Shortened Environmental Symptoms Questionnaire Accurately Represent Physiological Adaptations Following A 10 Day Heat Acclimation Protocol And The Decay Thereafter?, Rachel Marie Vanscoy

Master's Theses

No abstract provided.

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Increasing Sleep Duration In Collegiate Athletes: A Behavioral Intervention Involving Sleep Education, Self-Tracking, Goal Setting, And Self-Reinforcement, Leslie Greer May 2016

Increasing Sleep Duration In Collegiate Athletes: A Behavioral Intervention Involving Sleep Education, Self-Tracking, Goal Setting, And Self-Reinforcement, Leslie Greer

Master's Theses

The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of a behavioral intervention on sleep duration in a group of Division I student athletes from a women's rowing team. This participant pool was specifically selected because they have early morning practice due to several scheduling constraints, which can make adequate sleep duration more difficult to obtain. Further, the participants in this pool were selected because they had the lowest previous nights sleep and perceived average sleep duration, and therefore in most need of this type of intervention. A multiple baseline design was used to determine if a functional relationship …

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Changes In Power And Movement Strategy Over One Athletic Season, Alison C. O'Connor May 2016

Changes In Power And Movement Strategy Over One Athletic Season, Alison C. O'Connor

Master's Theses

Context: Female collegiate soccer athletes sustain injuries at a concerning rate, often with severe short and long-term consequences. Identifying changes in movement control and power that inherently occur over an athletic season may improve our ability to predict and ultimately prevent injury. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate movement control and power over the course of an athletic season in female collegiate soccer athletes. Design: Repeated measures Setting: Field Study Participants: 25 female athletes (age: 20±1years, mass: 66.5 ±6.6kg, height: 1.7±0.1m) Intervention(s): None Main Outcome Measure(s): Participants performed jump-landing and vertical jump (VJ) tasks …

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A Biogeochemistry Approach To Geographic Origin And Mortuary Arrangement At The Talgua Cave Ossuaries, Olancho, Honduras, Monica Michelle Warner May 2016

A Biogeochemistry Approach To Geographic Origin And Mortuary Arrangement At The Talgua Cave Ossuaries, Olancho, Honduras, Monica Michelle Warner

Theses and Dissertations

Isotopic assays, including stable carbon, stable oxygen, and radiogenic strontium were measured for 37 individuals from the Talgua cave ossuaries to understand human movement and mortuary practice during Formative Period Honduras. Likelihood assignment models demonstrated that the individuals had diverse childhood geographic origins within the surrounding valleys. This shows that different kin or ethnic groups from diverse geographic origins were utilizing the ossuaries. Five possible ‘non-local’ individuals were identified from the radiogenic strontium and stable oxygen isotope datasets, suggesting minimal human movement into northeast Honduras from outside Lower Central America. The low number of ‘non-local’ individuals at Talgua Caves also …

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A Comparison Of Direct Instruction And Experiential Learning Techniques To Assess Agricultural Knowledge And Agricultural Literacy Gains In Private School Students, Timothy Bradford Jr. May 2016

A Comparison Of Direct Instruction And Experiential Learning Techniques To Assess Agricultural Knowledge And Agricultural Literacy Gains In Private School Students, Timothy Bradford Jr.

Theses and Dissertations

The United States has shifted from a once agrarian, to a predominantly urban society (Riedel, 2006). Currently, less than 2% of the U.S. population live on farms. Coupled with urbanization, this has contributed to the decline of an agriculturally literate population (EPA, 2013; Kovar & Ball, 2013). One strategy to alter the public’s perception of agriculture and increase agricultural literacy is implementing an educational environment that promotes agricultural activities via experience (Blair, 2009). Experiential learning has been championed by prominent educational theorists John Dewey and David Kolb. Experiential learning is conceptualized as a process where relevant experiences are the foundation …

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Alfalfa Baleage As A Concentrate Replacer In Dairy Rations: Effects On Dry Matter And Nutrient Intake, Dry Matter Digestibility And Lactation Performance Of Mid To Late Lactation Holstein Cows, Steven Musopole May 2016

Alfalfa Baleage As A Concentrate Replacer In Dairy Rations: Effects On Dry Matter And Nutrient Intake, Dry Matter Digestibility And Lactation Performance Of Mid To Late Lactation Holstein Cows, Steven Musopole

Theses and Dissertations

A RCBD study with 19 first lactation Holsteins was conducted to investigate the effects of replacing 10% of concentrate with alfalfa baleage on lactation performance. Intake of DM was greater (P=0.02) for low forage (21.92 kg/d) than high forage diet (21.18 kg/d). Digestibility of DM was similar (P=0.4) between high (39.65%) and low forage diet (41.64%). Yield of 4% FCM was similar by diet but greater (P=0.01) for less than or equal to 251 d (29.36 kg/d) than greater than 251 d DIM cows (28.47 kg/d). Feed efficiency tended to be greater (1.42 versus 1.35; P=0.056) for high forage diet …

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Best Management Strategies To Manage The Tarnished Plant Bug (Heteroptera: Miridae) In Cotton, Scott Hester Graham May 2016

Best Management Strategies To Manage The Tarnished Plant Bug (Heteroptera: Miridae) In Cotton, Scott Hester Graham

Theses and Dissertations

Experiments were conducted to determine the impact of combining multiple best management practices to manage the tarnished plant bug, Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois), on cotton. The implementation of this program reduced the amount of insecticide applications needed, significantly increased both square retention during the three weeks of squaring, and yield in the Delta region. Another study was conducted to explore behavioral responses of tarnished plant bug nymphs to several classes of insecticides. There appeared to be both avoidance and attraction depending on insecticide class. The presence of an insecticide did not affect the fruiting structure tarnished plant bugs were …

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Cardiac Extracellular Matrix: Structure, Biomechanics In Myocardial Infarction, And Heart Regeneration, Bryn Brazile May 2016

Cardiac Extracellular Matrix: Structure, Biomechanics In Myocardial Infarction, And Heart Regeneration, Bryn Brazile

Theses and Dissertations

Myocardial infarction (MI) is the leading cause of death among men and women in the United States. Once a person suffers from a MI, the heart wall will undergo a dynamic and time dependent change, as it goes through the inflammatory phase, proliferative phase, and healing phase. During these phases, the necrotic tissue is removed, and the extracellular matrix (ECM) that holds the cardiomyocytes is altered by an increase in type I collagen, which leads to a scar formation in the infarcted area. The goal of this dissertation is to better understand the role of the cardiac ECM biomechanics in …

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Ecological Determinants Of Avian Productivity And Aviation Risk In Semi-Natural Grasslands, Tara Jenise Conkling May 2016

Ecological Determinants Of Avian Productivity And Aviation Risk In Semi-Natural Grasslands, Tara Jenise Conkling

Theses and Dissertations

Growing concerns about climate change, foreign oil dependency, and environmental quality have fostered interest in perennial native grasses (e.g. switchgrass [Panicum virgatum]) for bioenergy production while also maintaining biodiversity and ecosystem function. However, biofuel cultivation in marginal landscapes such as airport grasslands may have detrimental effects on aviation safety as well as demography and conservation efforts for grassland birds including Dickcissels (Spiza americana). In 2011–2013 I studied the response of avian populations to vegetation composition and harvest frequency of switchgrass monocultures and native warm-season grass (NWSG) mixtures at B. Bryan farms in Clay Co. MS, USA. Four treatments incorporating switchgrass …

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Effect Of Hot Water Immersion Treatment (Hwt) On The Quality Of 'Keitt' Mangoes In Ghana, Akua Tiwaa Sebe May 2016

Effect Of Hot Water Immersion Treatment (Hwt) On The Quality Of 'Keitt' Mangoes In Ghana, Akua Tiwaa Sebe

Theses and Dissertations

Currently, Ghana does not use Hot Water Treatment (HWT) as a phytosanitary control measure for mangoes. The effect of HW on the quality of ‘Keitt’ mangoes in Ghana was evaluated. Mangoes were washed with chlorinated water or hot water treated at 47°C for 70 min and stored at 25°C for 8 days. There was no treatment*Storage effect (P> 0.05) on the variables studied. Mangoes TA decreased (P<= 0.05) and pH increased with storage time. HWT had no impact on mango quality but had 50% reduction in decay during storage.

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Response Of Three Cool-Season Grass Species To Nitrogen Rate And Harvest Interval In North Central Mississippi, Jonathan Daniel Richwine May 2016

Response Of Three Cool-Season Grass Species To Nitrogen Rate And Harvest Interval In North Central Mississippi, Jonathan Daniel Richwine

Theses and Dissertations

Nitrogen (N) use continues to be an important aspect of forage production. Experimentation was conducted to understand the combined effects of N application and harvest regime on three cool-season grasses: orchardgrass, southeastern wildrye, and tall fescue. Tests were established at Starkville and Brooksville, MS, in fall 2013 and 2014, respectively. Plots were fertilized with 0, 134, 202, or 269 kg N ha-1 yr-1 and harvested one, two, three, or four times during the 112-day season. Variables measured included: cumulative dry matter yield, relative forage quality, crude protein percentage, normalized difference vegetation index, nitrogen use efficiency, and persistence. Persistence was only …

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Rice Cultivars Responses To Moisture Stress During Seed Germination And Early-Seedling Growth, Bhupinder Singh May 2016

Rice Cultivars Responses To Moisture Stress During Seed Germination And Early-Seedling Growth, Bhupinder Singh

Theses and Dissertations

Drought is the major environmental factor affecting crop growth, yield and quality. Two experiments were conducted to understand rice genotypic variability responses to drought stress conditions during seed germination and early-seedling growth. In Experiment I, the influence of wide range of osmotic stress on seed germination properties of 15 rice cultivars were studied using polyethylene glycol media. In Experiment II, seedling morph-physiological parameters including root traits were quantified by subjecting rice seedlings to three different soil moisture treatments, 100, 66 and 33% field capacity. Rice cultivars differed in their response to drought at both the stages. Cultivars were classified into …

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Role Of Dde Exposure In Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Association With Biochemical Markers And Diabetes Prevalence, Antonio Bartholomew Ward May 2016

Role Of Dde Exposure In Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Association With Biochemical Markers And Diabetes Prevalence, Antonio Bartholomew Ward

Theses and Dissertations

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and beta cell dysfunction. T2D prevalence has been increasing with not all clear causes identified, while the use of synthetic chemicals has risen. Because genetics can only explain a small percentage of disease development, more attention is being given to associations of environmental chemical exposure and disease. Epidemiological evidence suggests environmental exposure to organochlorine compounds (OC) including dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and its bioaccumulative metabolite dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) is associated with T2D prevalence and is hypothesized to play a role in contributing to T2D. The purpose of this …

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Selection And Breeding To Improve Commercial Germplasm And Increase Germination Percentage Of Eastern Gamagrass [Tripsacum Dactyloides (L.) L.], Jesse Ira Morrison May 2016

Selection And Breeding To Improve Commercial Germplasm And Increase Germination Percentage Of Eastern Gamagrass [Tripsacum Dactyloides (L.) L.], Jesse Ira Morrison

Theses and Dissertations

Perennial warm-season grasses constitute the backbone of many forage production systems, whether for grazing or harvested feed. North American native plants, specifically grasses, forbs and legumes offer unique ecosystem benefits along with forage quality and digestibility that are unmatched by introduced species. The disparity in breeding and research focused on improvement of introduced species as opposed to native genera has led to inflated use of introduced species as forage types in lieu of native options, due to their unimproved nature. Eastern gamagrass [Tripsacum dactyloides (L.) L.] is proven to be a widely adapted, highly productive forage species in the southeast, …

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Objective Assessment Of Physical Activity In Adults With Down Syndrome, Jasmine Symone Curtis May 2016

Objective Assessment Of Physical Activity In Adults With Down Syndrome, Jasmine Symone Curtis

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to examine whether cut-points developed for the general population provide different estimates of physical activity (PA) levels in adults with Down syndrome (DS) compared to cut-points developed specifically in adults with DS. This study also attempted to objectively measure the PA levels of adults with DS and to determine if they meet the recommended amount of PA to obtain health benefits. Thirteen adults with DS wore an accelerometer to determine time spent in moderate, vigorous, and moderate-to-vigorous PA. Results indicated that different sets of cut-points responded differently in classifying moderate and vigorous PA levels, …

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Optimizing Carbon To Nitrogen Ratios To Improve Nitrogen Removal In Agricultural Drainage Ditches, Derek Ronald Faust May 2016

Optimizing Carbon To Nitrogen Ratios To Improve Nitrogen Removal In Agricultural Drainage Ditches, Derek Ronald Faust

Theses and Dissertations

Since 1961, a fourold increase in application of fertilizers in the United States has helped to double crop yields. Nutrients not used by crops are often transported to aquatic ecosystems adjacent to agricultural fields. In the Lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley, nutrients enter agricultural drainage ditches and are transported to receiving water bodies, eventually reaching the Gulf of Mexico. The annual occurrence of a hypoxic zone in the Gulf of Mexico is caused by nitrogen loads from the Mississippi River Basin. Objectives of these studies were: (1) evaluate how organic carbon amendments affect nitrate-nitrogen removal in agricultural drainage ditch systems, (2) …

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Plant Community And White-Tailed Deer Nutritional Carrying Capacity Response To Intercropping Switchgrass In Loblolly Pine Plantations, Ethan Jacob Greene May 2016

Plant Community And White-Tailed Deer Nutritional Carrying Capacity Response To Intercropping Switchgrass In Loblolly Pine Plantations, Ethan Jacob Greene

Theses and Dissertations

Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is a cellulosic feedstock for alternative energy production that could grow well between planted pines (Pinus spp.). Southeastern planted pine occupies 15.8 million hectares and thus, switchgrass intercropping could affect biodiversity if broadly implemented. Therefore, I evaluated effects of intercropping switchgrass in loblolly pine (P. taeda L.) plantations on plant community diversity, plant biomass production, and white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus Zimmerman) nutritional carrying capacity. In a randomized complete block design, I assigned three treatments (switchgrass intercropped, switchgrass monoculture, and a “control” of traditional pine management) to 4 replicates of 10-ha experimental units in Kemper County, Mississippi …

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Developing Assisted Reproductive Technologies For Endangered North American Amphibians, Cecilia Jane Langhorne May 2016

Developing Assisted Reproductive Technologies For Endangered North American Amphibians, Cecilia Jane Langhorne

Theses and Dissertations

An alarming number of anuran (frog and toad) species are facing the threat of extinction in the wild. In efforts to address this conservation crisis, captive breeding programs are rapidly being established at zoos and research institutions worldwide. However, the captive management of anurans can be challenging, as their reproduction is a tightly regulated hormonal response to environmental stimuli, often unknown or absent in captivity. Consequently, ex-situ breeding efforts tend to be greatly hindered by a paucity of knowledge in anuran reproductive physiology and, for many species on the brink of extinction, time is running out. Assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs), …

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Evaluating The Impact Of Cetylpyridinium Chloride And Peroxyacetic Acid When Applied To Broiler Frames On Salmonella Spp. And The Quality And Sensory Attributes Of Mechanically Deboned Chicken Meat, Saxon Morgaine Perez May 2016

Evaluating The Impact Of Cetylpyridinium Chloride And Peroxyacetic Acid When Applied To Broiler Frames On Salmonella Spp. And The Quality And Sensory Attributes Of Mechanically Deboned Chicken Meat, Saxon Morgaine Perez

Theses and Dissertations

Broiler frames were treated with antimicrobial solutions of 0.5% cetylpyridinium chloride with CitrilowTM (CPC) or 0.1% peroxyacetic acid (PAA) for contact times of 30 to 120 sec and evaluated for their effectiveness at reducing the incidence of Salmonella spp. on broiler frames and decreasing Salmonellae counts on mechanically separated chicken meat (MSC). MSC samples were evaluated for pH, color, cook loss and protein bind. Results from the preliminary study indicated that 0.5% CPC at 60, 90, and 120 sec achieved higher reduction of Salmonellae on whole broiler frames than CPC at 30 sec or any PAA treatments. In contrast, PAA …

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