Digital Commons Network^™

Integrated Transcriptomic And Proteomic Analyses Of P. Falciparum Gametocytes: Molecular Insight Into Sex-Specific Processes And Translational Repression., E Lasonder, Sr Rijpma, Bc Van Schaijk, Wa Hoeijmakers, Et Al

School of Biomedical Sciences

Sexual differentiation of malaria parasites into gametocytes in the vertebrate host and subsequent gamete fertilization in mosquitoes is essential for the spreading of the disease. The molecular processes orchestrating these transitions are far from fully understood. Here, we report the first transcriptome analysis of male and female Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes coupled with a comprehensive proteome analysis. In male gametocytes there is an enrichment of proteins involved in the formation of flagellated gametes; proteins involved in DNA replication, chromatin organization and axoneme formation. On the other hand, female gametocytes are enriched in proteins required for zygote formation and functions after fertilization; …

Sarcoidosis Activates Diverse Transcriptional Programs In Bronchoalveolar Lavage Cells., Sina A. Gharib, Anagha Malur, Isham Huizar, Barbara P. Barna, Mani S. Kavuru, Lynn M. Schnapp, Mary Jane Thomassen

Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine Presentations and Grand Rounds

BACKGROUND: Sarcoidosis is a multisystem immuno-inflammatory disorder of unknown etiology that most commonly involves the lungs. We hypothesized that an unbiased approach to identify pathways activated in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells can shed light on the pathogenesis of this complex disease.

METHODS: We recruited 15 patients with various stages of sarcoidosis and 12 healthy controls. All subjects underwent bronchoscopy with lavage. For each subject, total RNA was extracted from BAL cells and hybridized to an Affymetrix U133A microarray. Rigorous statistical methods were applied to identify differential gene expression between subjects with sarcoidosis vs.

CONTROLS: To better elucidate pathways differentially activated …

Vaccination Policies Of Utah Family Practice Clinics, Karlen Beth Luthy, Levi R. Kohler, Janelle L B Macintosh, Lacey M. Eden, Renea L. Beckstrand, Emily L. Wright, Katherine Edmonds

Faculty Publications

Background and Purpose: The purpose of this study was to collect information regarding healthcare worker (HCW) vaccination policies in Utah family practice clinics. Methods: The study was conducted in Utah family practice clinics in the most densely populated counties in the state and was a cross-sectional descriptive design. Data were collected from 155 family practice clinic managers. Analyses included frequencies and percentages for quantitative items and a content analysis for open-ended items. Conclusions: HCWs are employed in environments where infectious diseases can be easily spread from person to person, thus, vaccinations can be instrumental in protecting the health of HCWs …

Urinary Tract Infection, Amanda Weilbacher

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Abstract

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common infection that affects numerous men and women throughout their lives. UTI is an inflammation of the urinary epithelium often caused by bacteria from the gastrointestinal tract or vaginal colonization when uropathogens adhere to uroepithelial cells and travel up the urethra. UTI is the second most common infection in the use of antimicrobial treatment in primary and secondary care setting. The prominence of UTIs and the increased antimicrobial resistance in the population has created a need for further knowledge of UTI pathology and its prevention in primary care settings. Research on the identification …

National Health Security Preparedness Index Joint Workgroup Meeting On Model Design And Analytic Methodology, Glen P. Mays

Health Management and Policy Presentations

This workgroup meeting of the National Health Security Preparedness Index reviews results from the 2016 release of the Index and examines opportunities for enhancing the Index measures and analytic methodologies for subsequent releases.

Alma Link Resolver Title & Issn Report (Top 500) 2015-2016, Andrée J. Rathemacher

Technical Services Reports and Statistics

Statistics for 2015-2016 on the total number of OpenURL requests by journal title and ISSN made to the Ex Libris Alma link resolver for items held by the University of Rhode Island Libraries. Includes only the top 500 journals.

Information provided includes journal Title, ISSN, EISSN, Number of Requests, Number of Clicked Requests, % Clicks from Requests.

Artificial Intelligence And Amikacin Exposures Predictive Of Outcomes In Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis Patients, Chawangwa Modongo, Jotam G. Pasipanodya, Shashikant Srivastava, Nicola Zetola, Scott Williams, Giorgio Sirugo, Tawanda Gumbo

Dartmouth Scholarship

Aminoglycosides such as amikacin continue to be part of the backbone of treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR- TB). We measured amikacin concentrations in 28 MDR-TB patients in Botswana receiving amikacin therapy together with oral levofloxacin, ethionamide, cycloserine, and pyrazinamide and calculated areas under the concentration-time curves from 0 to 24 h (AUC0 –24). The patients were followed monthly for sputum culture conversion based on liquid cultures. The median duration of amikacin therapy was 184 (range, 28 to 866) days, at a median dose of 17.30 (range 11.11 to 19.23) mg/kg. Only 11 (39%) pa- tients had sputum culture conversion during …

"Transplanting" Organ Donors With Printers: The Legal And Ethical Implications Of Manufacturing Organs, Katherine A. Smith

Akron Law Review

Three-dimensional (3D) printing is no longer restricted to simple inanimate objects; that conjecture is a thing of the past. With advancements in many areas of science, living tissues and organs can now be printed through a technique called 3D bioprinting. This technology could potentially save the lives of the 120,000 Americans in need of an organ transplant. However, whether or not a 3D bioprinted organ qualifies as a “human organ” under the National Organ Transplant Act (NOTA) and whether 3D bioprinted organs require federal approval could either delay or completely bar this technology’s promise. The Ninth Circuit’s Flynn v. Holder …

The Effects Of Nicotine On Conditioning, Extinction, And Reinstatement In Humans Using A Virtual Reality Conditioned Place Preference Paradigm, Alexandra N. Palmisano

Master's Theses

Despite an abundance of evidence illustrating the harmful effects of nicotine use, only a small percentage of users successfully quit (Messer et al., 2008). Moreover, current treatments for nicotine cessation produce only a slight increase in the likelihood of successfully quitting, which emphasizes the need for more effective strategies that facilitate smoking cessation (Hopkins et al., 2001). Several studies suggest that difficulty in controlling nicotine use behaviors results from nicotine’s ability to enhance the motivating function of cues associated with obtaining rewards. These studies indicate that it is of value to understand the behavioral and neuropharmacological mechanisms by which nicotine …

Research News. Publications, 2016. Volume 1, University Of Mississippi. School Of Pharmacy, Soumyajit Majumdar

Publications (2015-)

Publications that appeared during the period January 1, 2016 through June 30, 2016

Development Of A Capacity Building Program For Village Health Volunteers To Support Self-Management In A High Risk Population For Diabetes In A Rural Community In Northeast Thailand, Pakinee Srisarakham, Kwanjai Amnatsatsue, Patcharaporn Kerdmongkol, Prasit Leerapan

Asian/Pacific Island Nursing Journal

Similar to other parts of the world, the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the Asia-Pacific Region has rapidly increased during the last few decades. The purposes of this pilot study were to determine the feasibility and the effects of a capacity building program for Village Health Volunteers (VHVs) to support self-management in a T2DM high risk population from a rural subdistrict in Northeast Thailand. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected using surveys, focus group discussions, and in-depth interviews. Data were analyzed and used to develop a 12-week capacity building program for VHVs. This program was then …

When And How To Update Systematic Reviews: Consensus And Checklist, Paul Garner, Sally Hopewell, Jackie Chandler, Harriet Maclehose, Holger J. Schünemann, Elie A. Akl, Joseph Beyene, Stephanie Chang, Rachel Churchill, Karin Dearness, Gordon Guyatt, Carol Lefebvre, Beth Liles, Rachel Marshall, García L Martínez, Chris Mavergames, Mona Nasser, Amir Qaseem, Margaret Sampson, Karla Soares-Weiser, Yemisi Takwoingi, Lehana Thabane, Marialena Trivella, Peter Tugwell, Emma Welsh, Ed C. Wilson

More Faculty of Health Research

No abstract provided.

What's New In Musculoskeletal Infection: Update On Biofilms., Arvind Nana, Sandra B Nelson, Alex Mclaren, Antonia F. Chen, Md, Mba

Rothman Institute Papers

No abstract provided.

Health Costs Of Reproduction Are Minimal Despite High Fertility, Mortality And Subsistence Lifestyle, Michael Gurven, Megan Costa, Ben Trumble, Jonathan Stieglitz, Bret Beheim, Daniel Eid Rodriguez, Paul L. Hooper, Hillard Kaplan

ESI Publications

Women exhibit greater morbidity than men despite higher life expectancy. An evolutionary life history framework predicts that energy invested in reproduction trades-off against investments in maintenance and survival. Direct costs of reproduction may therefore contribute to higher morbidity, especially for women given their greater direct energetic contributions to reproduction. We explore multiple indicators of somatic condition among Tsimane forager-horticulturalist women (Total Fertility Rate = 9.1; n = 592 aged 15–44 years, n = 277 aged 45+). We test whether cumulative live births and the pace of reproduction are associated with nutritional status and immune function using longitudinal data spanning 10 …

Cannabinoid Receptor Subtype 2 (Cb2r) Agonist Gw405833 Reduces Agonist-Induced Ca2+ Oscillations In Mouse Pancreatic Acinar Cells, Zebing Huang, Haiyan Wang, Jingke Wang, Mengqin Zhao, Nana Sun, Fangfang Sun, Jianxin Shen, Haiying Zhang, Kunkun Xia, Dejie Chen, Ming Gao, Ronald P. Hammer, Qingrong Liu, Zhengxiong Xi, Xuegong Fan, Jie Wu

Translational Neuroscience

Emerging evidence demonstrates that the blockade of intracellular Ca 2+ signals may protect pancreatic acinar cells against Ca 2+ overload, intracellular protease activation, and necrosis. The activation of cannabinoid receptor subtype 2 (CB 2 R) prevents acinar cell pathogenesis in animal models of acute pancreatitis. However, whether CB 2 Rs modulate intracellular Ca 2+ signals in pancreatic acinar cells is largely unknown. We evaluated the roles of CB 2 R agonist, GW405833 (GW) in agonist-induced Ca 2+ oscillations in pancreatic acinar cells using multiple experimental approaches with acute dissociated pancreatic acinar cells prepared from wild type, CB 1 R-knockout (KO), …

Disease Introduction Is Associated With A Phase Transition In Bighorn Sheep Demographics, Kezia R. Manlove, E. Frances Cassirer, Paul C. Cross, Raina K. Plowright, Peter J. Hudson

Wildland Resources Faculty Publications

Ecological theory suggests that pathogens are capable of regulating or limiting host population dynamics, and this relationship has been empirically established in several settings. However, although studies of childhood diseases were integral to the development of disease ecology, few studies show population limitation by a disease affecting juveniles. Here, we present empirical evidence that disease in lambs constrains population growth in bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) based on 45 years of population‐level and 18 years of individual‐level monitoring across 12 populations. While populations generally increased (λ = 1.11) prior to disease introduction, most of these same populations experienced an abrupt change …

Global Changes In Mycoplasma Gallisepticum Phase-Variable Lipoprotein (Vlha) Gene Expression In The Natural Host, Katherine Pflaum

Doctoral Dissertations

Mycoplasma gallisepticum is the primary etiologic agent of chronic respiratory disease (CRD) in poultry, a disease largely affecting the respiratory tract of poultry, and causing significant economic losses world-wide. Proteins of the variable lipoprotein and hemagglutinin (vlhA) gene family are thought to be important for host interaction, pathogenesis and immune evasion, but the exact role and mechanisms are not well understood. To better understand the phase variation of vlhA genes, we have conducted large scale, next generation sequencing analysis of M. gallisepticum sampled directly from the tracheal mucosa of experimentally infected chickens and those recovered and passaged in-vitro. …

Two Cases Of Vibrio Infection And Sepsis In The Delaware Estuary, René Daniel, Md, Joseph Yoo, Md, Roberto Fratamico, Md, Robert Measley, Md

The Medicine Forum

INTRODUCTION

Vibrio is a genus of Gram-negative motile rods. Several species are pathogenic, including Vibrio vulnificus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus. The interest in this genus is due to its extreme virulence and often fatal outcomes. In healthy patients, these infections are typically self-limited; however, in immunocompromised and cirrhotic patients, infections can result in bacteremia, which has a high fatality rate1. Both pathogens may cause acute gastroenteritis, necrotizing wound infections, and if severe, subsequent bacteremia. In this report, we present two cases of Vibrio infections recently identified in the Delaware River Estuary that resulted in severe sepsis and, in one case, death.

Unexplained Recurrent Fevers And The Importance Of Inquiring About Occupation: A Case Report, Zachary Reese, Ms4, Poonam Maru, Do

The Medicine Forum

INTRODUCTION

Many different tick-borne diseases are identified in various geographical areas throughout the United States. Ixodes scapularis tick-borne diseases can present unique diagnostic challenges because of their constellation of vague symptoms. The Ixodes scapularis tick, more commonly known as the blacklegged tick, is responsible for three specific tick-borne infections: Lyme disease (Borellia burgdorferii), Babesiosis (Babesia microti), and Anaplasmosis (Anaplasma phagocytophilum) also known as human granulocytic anaplasmosis. Although these three tick-borne diseases are characteristically found in the New England area, the geographical distribution of the Ixodes tick has expanded to encompass much of the northeastern United States and even states in …

Table Of Contents

The Medicine Forum

Table of Contents The Medicine Forum

The Journal of Thomas Jefferson University Hospital

Department of Internal Medicine

Volume 17, 2015-2016

Transcriptome Analysis Of B Cell Immune Functions In Periodontitis: Mucosal Tissue Responses To The Oral Microbiome In Aging, Jeffrey L. Ebersole, Sreenatha S. Kirakodu, Michael John Novak, Luis Orraca, Janis Gonzalez-Martinez, Larry Cunningham Jr., Mark V. Thomas, Arnold J. Stromberg, Subramanya N. Pandruvada, Octavio A. Gonzalez

Center for Oral Health Research Faculty Publications

Evidence has shown activation of T and B cells in gingival tissues in experimental models and in humans diagnosed with periodontitis. The results of this adaptive immune response are noted both locally and systemically with antigenic specificity for an array of oral bacteria, including periodontopathic species, e.g., Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. It has been recognized through epidemiological studies and clinical observations that the prevalence of periodontitis increases with age. This report describes our studies evaluating gingival tissue transcriptomes in humans and specifically exploiting the use of a non-human primate model of naturally occurring periodontitis to delineate gingival mucosal …

Medical School Watercooler Newsletter - July 17, 2016, Lindsey Lyle

Watercooler Newsletter

This is the July 17, 2016 edition of the Frederick P. Whiddon College of Medicine's newsletter - Watercooler.

Contents Include:

• USA Medicine Magazine - Mailing Now
• USA Welcomes Dr. Charles Hartin Jr.
• Mark Your Calendar: 43rd Annual Medical Student Research Day
• Dr. Simmons, USA Trauma Center awarded NIH Grant

Colby Magazine Vol. 81, No. 2: March 1992, Colby College

Colby Magazine

No abstract provided.

Detection Of Zoonotic Enteropathogens In Children And Domestic Animals In A Semirural Community In Ecuador., Karla Vasco, Jay P Graham, Gabriel Trueba

Environmental and Occupational Health Faculty Publications

UNLABELLED: Animals are important reservoirs of zoonotic enteropathogens, and transmission to humans occurs more frequently in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where small-scale livestock production is common. In this study, we investigated the presence of zoonotic enteropathogens in stool samples from 64 asymptomatic children and 203 domestic animals of 62 households in a semirural community in Ecuador between June and August 2014. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) was used to assess zoonotic transmission of Campylobacter jejuni and atypical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (aEPEC), which were the most prevalent bacterial pathogens in children and domestic animals (30.7% and 10.5%, respectively). Four sequence types …

Intersystem Implications Of The Developmental Origins Of Health And Disease: Advancing Health Promotion In The 21st Century, Michael D. Barnes, Thomas L. Heaton, Michael C. Goates, Justin M. Packer

Faculty Publications

The developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) theory and life course theory (LCT) are emerging fields of research that have significant implications for the public health and health promotion professions. Using a DOHaD/LCT perspective, social determinants of health (SDH) take on new critical meaning by which health promotion professionals can implement DOHaD/LCT guided interventions, including recommended policies. Through these interventions, public health could further address the sources of worldwide chronic disease epidemics and reduce such disease rates substantially if related policy, programs, and interdisciplinary and multi-sector collaboration are emphasized. Additional characteristics of the most effective interventions involve context-specific adaptation …

Uab Researchers Awarded $11.5 Million To Study Asymptomatic Congenital Cmv And Neonatal Hsv, Staff

Browse All News

No abstract provided.

Volume 53, Number 48: July 13, 2016, University Of North Dakota

University Letter Archive

No abstract provided.

Strengthening Nursing Leadership And Community Health In Rural Namibia: Partnerships For Continuing Professional Development, Cheryl Joy Leuning, Saara Johanna Tuwilika Haufiku, Christine S. Gordon

International Nursing Research Congress (INRC)

Session presented on Friday, July 22, 2016 and Thursday, July 21, 2016: Even though health care infrastructures are well developed in Namibia, shortages of health care providers continue to limit delivery of services. Serving rural populations presents particular practice challenges as roughly two-thirds of the 2.3 million Namibian people still live in remote rural regions of the country (National Planning Commission, 2013). In 2010 a law was passed in the Namibian Parliament mandating that all registered nurses, and all health care professionals, in Namibia must earn 30 continuing education units (CEUs) annually to maintain their registration with the Health Professions …

Barriers To Pediatric And Youth Tuberculosis Treatment Initiation In Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review, Brittney Jayne Sullivan, Bahar Emily Esmaili, Coleen Cunningham

International Nursing Research Congress (INRC)

Session presented on Thursday, July 21, 2016 and Friday, July 22, 2016:

Purpose: Timely initiation and correct treatment of tuberculosis (TB) are critical to reduce disease transmission and improve patient outcomes. Barriers to treatment initiation exist at the patient- and system-level for adults and children; however, barriers to treatment initiation in younger individuals are less understood. Therefore, the aim of this study is to determine patient- and system-level barriers to treatment initiation for pediatric and youth diagnosed with TB in sub-Saharan Africa through systematic review of the literature.

Methods: This review was conducted in October 2015 in accordance with the …

Conceptualizing Cultural Weaving To Decrease Health Disparities: What Are Culture Characteristics Of A Community Organization?, Jo A. Dowell

International Nursing Research Congress (INRC)

Session presented on Saturday, July 23, 2016 and Sunday, July 24, 2016:

Cultural weaving is a phenomenon that has drawn researchers to explore the significance of beliefs and values on eliminating health disparities among diverse populations. Cultural weaving involves parents having access to values and beliefs that are passed from one generation to another. This also includes the extended family members' availability to share those strong values and beliefs that serve as a foundation for management of their children's needs. Cultural weaving also has been defined as the integration of culturally competent organizations which provides pathways toward assessable health care. …