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2016

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Ceramide Induces Human Hepcidin Gene Transcription Through Jak/Stat3 Pathway, Sizhao Lu, Sathish Kumar Natarajan, Justin L. Mott, Kusum K. Kharbanda, Duygu Dee Harrison-Findik Jan 2016

Ceramide Induces Human Hepcidin Gene Transcription Through Jak/Stat3 Pathway, Sizhao Lu, Sathish Kumar Natarajan, Justin L. Mott, Kusum K. Kharbanda, Duygu Dee Harrison-Findik

Department of Biochemistry: Faculty Publications

Changes in lipid metabolism and iron content are observed in the livers of patients with fatty liver disease. The expression of hepcidin, an iron-regulatory and acute phase protein synthesized by the liver, is also modulated. The potential interaction of lipid and iron metabolism is largely unknown.We investigated the role of lipid intermediate, ceramide in the regulation of human hepcidin gene, HAMP. Human hepatoma HepG2 cells were treated with cell-permeable ceramide analogs. Ceramide induced significant up-regulation of HAMP mRNA expression in HepG2 cells. The effect of ceramide on HAMP expression was mediated through transcriptional mechanisms because it was completely blocked …

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Mechanistic Nanotherapeutic Approach Based On Sirna-Mediated Dj-1 Protein Suppression For Platinum-Resistant Ovarian Cancer, Canan Schumann, Stephanie Chan, Oleh Khalimonchuk, Shannon Khal, Vitaliya Moskal, Vidhi Shah, Adam W. G. Alani, Olena Taratula, Oleh Taratula Jan 2016

Mechanistic Nanotherapeutic Approach Based On Sirna-Mediated Dj-1 Protein Suppression For Platinum-Resistant Ovarian Cancer, Canan Schumann, Stephanie Chan, Oleh Khalimonchuk, Shannon Khal, Vitaliya Moskal, Vidhi Shah, Adam W. G. Alani, Olena Taratula, Oleh Taratula

Department of Biochemistry: Faculty Publications

We report an efficient therapeutic modality for platinum resistant ovarian cancer based on siRNAmediated suppression of a multifunctional DJ-1 protein that is responsible for the proliferation, growth, invasion, oxidative stress and overall survival of various cancers. The developed therapeutic strategy can work alone or in concert with a low dose of the first line chemotherapeutic agent cisplatin, to elicit a maximal therapeutic response. To achieve an efficient DJ-1 knockdown, we constructed the polypropylenimine dendrimer-based nanoplatform targeted to LHRH receptors overexpressed on ovarian cancer cells. The quantitative PCR and western immunoblotting analysis, revealed that the delivered DJ-1 siRNA downregulated the expression …

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Antisense Oligonucleotides: Treatment Strategies And Cellular Internalization, Colton M. Miller, Ed Harris Jan 2016

Antisense Oligonucleotides: Treatment Strategies And Cellular Internalization, Colton M. Miller, Ed Harris

Department of Biochemistry: Faculty Publications

The clinical application of antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) is becoming more of a reality as several drugs have been approved for the treatment of human disorders and many others are in various phases in development and clinical trials. ASOs are short DNA/RNA oligos which are heavily modified to increase their stability in biological fluids and retain the properties of creating RNA-RNA and DNA-RNA duplexes that knock-down or correct genetic expression. This review outlines several strategies that ASOs utilize for the treatment of various congenital diseases and syndromes that develop with aging. In addition, we discuss some of the mechanisms for specific …

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Antisense Oligonucleotides: Treatment Strategies And Cellular Internalization, Colton M. Miller, Edward N. Harris Jan 2016

Antisense Oligonucleotides: Treatment Strategies And Cellular Internalization, Colton M. Miller, Edward N. Harris

Department of Biochemistry: Faculty Publications

The clinical application of antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) is becoming more of a reality as several drugs have been approved for the treatment of human disorders and many others are in various phases in development and clinical trials. ASOs are short DNA/RNA oligos which are heavily modified to increase their stability in biological fluids and retain the properties of creating RNA-RNA and DNA-RNA duplexes that knock-down or correct genetic expression. This review outlines several strategies that ASOs utilize for the treatment of various congenital diseases and syndromes that develop with aging. In addition, we discuss some of the mechanisms for specific …

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Mutation In Atg5 Reduces Autophagy And Leads To Ataxia With Developmental Delay, Myungjin Kim, Erin Sandford, Damian Gatica, Yu Qiu, Xu Liu, Yumei Zheng, Brenda A. Schulman, Jishu Xu, Ian Semple, Seung-Hyun Ro, Boyoung Kim, R. Nehir Mavioglu, Aslihan Tolun, Andras Jipa, Szabolcs Takats, Manuela Karpati, Jun Z. Li, Zuhal Yapici, Gabor Juhasz, Jun Hee Lee, Daniel J. Klionsky, Margit Burmeister Jan 2016

Mutation In Atg5 Reduces Autophagy And Leads To Ataxia With Developmental Delay, Myungjin Kim, Erin Sandford, Damian Gatica, Yu Qiu, Xu Liu, Yumei Zheng, Brenda A. Schulman, Jishu Xu, Ian Semple, Seung-Hyun Ro, Boyoung Kim, R. Nehir Mavioglu, Aslihan Tolun, Andras Jipa, Szabolcs Takats, Manuela Karpati, Jun Z. Li, Zuhal Yapici, Gabor Juhasz, Jun Hee Lee, Daniel J. Klionsky, Margit Burmeister

Department of Biochemistry: Faculty Publications

Autophagy is required for the homeostasis of cellular material and is proposed to be involved in many aspects of health. Defects in the autophagy pathway have been observed in neurodegenerative disorders; however, no genetically-inherited pathogenic mutations in any of the core autophagy-related (ATG) genes have been reported in human patients to date. We identified a homozygous missense mutation, changing a conserved amino acid, in ATG5 in two siblings with congenital ataxia, mental retardation, and developmental delay. The subjects’ cells display a decrease in autophagy flux and defects in conjugation of ATG12 to ATG5. The homologous mutation in yeast …

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Can Chilling Tolerance Of C4 Photosynthesis In Miscanthus Be Transferred To Sugarcane?, Katarzyna Glowacka, Aasifuddin Ahmed, Shailendra Sharma, Tom Abbott, Jack C. Comstock, Stephen P. Long, Erik J. Sacks Jan 2016

Can Chilling Tolerance Of C4 Photosynthesis In Miscanthus Be Transferred To Sugarcane?, Katarzyna Glowacka, Aasifuddin Ahmed, Shailendra Sharma, Tom Abbott, Jack C. Comstock, Stephen P. Long, Erik J. Sacks

Department of Biochemistry: Faculty Publications

The goal of this study was to investigate whether chilling tolerance of C4 photosynthesis in Miscanthus can be transferred to sugarcane by hybridization. Net leaf CO2 uptake (Asat) and the maximum operating efficiency of photosystem II (ФPSII) were measured in warm conditions (25 °C/20 °C), and then during and following a chilling treatment of 10 °C/5 °C for 11 day in controlled environment chambers. Two of three hybrids (miscanes), ‘US 84-1058’ and ‘US 87-1019’, did not differ significantly from the chilling tolerant M. xgiganteus ‘Illinois’ (Mxg), for Asat, and Φ …

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High-Throughput Mutation, Selection, And Phenotype Screening Of Mutant Methanogenic Archaea, Mary E. Walter, Alicia Ortiz, Casey Sondgeroth, Nathan M. Sindt, Nikolas Duszenko, Jennie L. Catlett, You Zhou, Shah R. Valloppilly, Christopher Anderson, Samodha Fernando, Nicole R. Buan Jan 2016

High-Throughput Mutation, Selection, And Phenotype Screening Of Mutant Methanogenic Archaea, Mary E. Walter, Alicia Ortiz, Casey Sondgeroth, Nathan M. Sindt, Nikolas Duszenko, Jennie L. Catlett, You Zhou, Shah R. Valloppilly, Christopher Anderson, Samodha Fernando, Nicole R. Buan

Department of Biochemistry: Faculty Publications

Bacterial and archaeal genomes can contain 30% or more hypothetical genes with no predicted function. Phylogenetically deep-branching microbes, such as methane-producing archaea (methanogens), contain up to 50% genes with unknown function. In order to formulate hypotheses about the function of hypothetical gene functions in the strict anaerobe, Methanosarcina acetivorans, we have developed high-throughput anaerobic techniques to UV mutagenize, screen, and select for mutant strains in 96-well plates. Using these approaches we have isolated 10 mutant strains that exhibit a variety of physiological changes including increased or decreased growth rate relative to the parent strain when cells use methanol and/or …

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Signal Traits And Oxidative Stress: A Comparative Study Across Populations With Divergent Signals, Maren N. Vitousek, Oldřich Tomášek, Tomáš Albrecht, Matt Wilkins, Rebecca Safran Jan 2016

Signal Traits And Oxidative Stress: A Comparative Study Across Populations With Divergent Signals, Maren N. Vitousek, Oldřich Tomášek, Tomáš Albrecht, Matt Wilkins, Rebecca Safran

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

Diverging populations often shift patterns of signal use – a process that can contribute to reproductive isolation and speciation. Yet it is not clear why most traits gain or lose signal value during divergence. One reason this could occur is because changes in the relationship between signals and relevant physiological parameters degrade the reliability of a signal, or even change its underlying information content. Here we test the hypothesis that the relationship between signal trait elaboration and a central component of organismal health – oxidative stress – differs across closely related populations that have diverged in signal use and preferences. …

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Range-Wide Patterns Of Geographic Variation In Songs Of Golden-Crowned Sparrows (Zonotrichia Atricapilla), Daizaburo Shizuka, M. Ross Lein, Glen Chilton Jan 2016

Range-Wide Patterns Of Geographic Variation In Songs Of Golden-Crowned Sparrows (Zonotrichia Atricapilla), Daizaburo Shizuka, M. Ross Lein, Glen Chilton

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

Discrete geographic variation, or dialects, in songs of songbirds arise as a consequence of complex interactions between ecology and song learning. Four of the five species of Zonotrichia sparrows, including the model species White-crowned Sparrow (Z. leucophrys), have been studied with respect to the causes and consequences of geographic variation in song. Within White-crowned Sparrows, subspecies that migrate farther have larger range size of dialects. Here, we assessedgeographic patterns of song variation in the fifth species of this genus, the Golden-crowned Sparrow (Z. atricapilla). We analyzed field-recorded songs from 2 sampling periods (1996–1998 and 2006–2013) covering …

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Candida Albicans Isw2 Regulates Chlamydospore Suspensor Cell Formation And Virulence In Vivo In A Mouse Model Of Disseminated Candidiasis, Dhammika Navarathna, Ruvini U. Pathirana, Michail S. Lionakis, Kenneth W. Nickerson, David D. Roberts Jan 2016

Candida Albicans Isw2 Regulates Chlamydospore Suspensor Cell Formation And Virulence In Vivo In A Mouse Model Of Disseminated Candidiasis, Dhammika Navarathna, Ruvini U. Pathirana, Michail S. Lionakis, Kenneth W. Nickerson, David D. Roberts

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

Formation of chlamydospores by Candida albicans was an established medical diagnostic test to confirm candidiasis before the molecular era. However, the functional role and pathological relevance of this in vitro morphological transition to pathogenesis in vivo remain unclear. We compared the physical properties of in vitro-induced chlamydospores with those of large C. albicans cells purified by density gradient centrifugation from Candida infected mouse kidneys. The morphological and physical properties of these cells in kidneys of mice infected intravenously with wild type C. albicans confirmed that chlamydospores can form in infected kidneys. A previously reported chlamydospore-null Δisw2/ …

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The Importance Of Cross-Validation, Accuracy, And Precision For Measuring Plumage Color: A Comment On Vaquero-Alba Et Al. (2016), Joanna K. Hubbard, Amanda K. Hund, Iris I. Levin, Kevin J. Mcgraw, Matt Wilkins, Rebecca J. Safran Jan 2016

The Importance Of Cross-Validation, Accuracy, And Precision For Measuring Plumage Color: A Comment On Vaquero-Alba Et Al. (2016), Joanna K. Hubbard, Amanda K. Hund, Iris I. Levin, Kevin J. Mcgraw, Matt Wilkins, Rebecca J. Safran

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

Vaquero-Alba and colleagues published a study in The Auk: Ornithological Advances comparing objective color measurements of plumage taken in the field directly on a bird’s body to those taken in the lab on collected feathers arranged to emulate the appearance of a bird’s natural plumage. Although the field measures of plumage color were less repeatable than lab measures, the authors concluded that measurements taken in the field were more representative of a bird’s ‘‘true color.’’ Accordingly, they recommend that researchers should bring spectrophotometers into the field to measure color on live birds. We question the assumption that their field measurements …

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Targeted Therapy For Acute Autoimmune Myocarditis With Nano-Sized Liposomal Fk506 In Rats, Keiji Okuda, Hai Ying Fu, Takashi Matsuzaki, Ryo Araki, Shota Tsuchida, Punniyakoti V. Thanikachalam, Tatsuya Fukuta, Tomohiro Asai, Masaki Yamato, Shoji Sanada, Hiroshi Asanuma, Yoshihiro Asano, Masanori Asakura, Haruo Hanawa, Hiroyuki Hao, Naoto Oku, Seiji Takashima, Masafumi Kitakaze, Yasushi Sakata, Tetsuo Minamino Jan 2016

Targeted Therapy For Acute Autoimmune Myocarditis With Nano-Sized Liposomal Fk506 In Rats, Keiji Okuda, Hai Ying Fu, Takashi Matsuzaki, Ryo Araki, Shota Tsuchida, Punniyakoti V. Thanikachalam, Tatsuya Fukuta, Tomohiro Asai, Masaki Yamato, Shoji Sanada, Hiroshi Asanuma, Yoshihiro Asano, Masanori Asakura, Haruo Hanawa, Hiroyuki Hao, Naoto Oku, Seiji Takashima, Masafumi Kitakaze, Yasushi Sakata, Tetsuo Minamino

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

Immunosuppressive agents are used for the treatment of immune-mediated myocarditis; however, the need to develop a more effective therapeutic approach remains. Nano-sized liposomes may accumulate in and selectively deliver drugs to an inflammatory lesion with enhanced vascular permeability. The aims of this study were to investigate the distribution of liposomal FK506, an immunosuppressive drug encapsulated within liposomes, and the drug’s effects on cardiac function in a rat experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM) model. We prepared polyethylene glycol-modified liposomal FK506 (mean diameter: 109.5 ± 4.4 nm). We induced EAM by immunization with porcine myosin and assessed the tissue distribution of the nano-sized …

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Advantages Of An Improved Rhesus Macaque Genome For Evolutionary Analyses, Julien S. Gradnigo, Abhishek Majumdar, Robert B. Norgren Jr., Etsuko N. Moriyama Jan 2016

Advantages Of An Improved Rhesus Macaque Genome For Evolutionary Analyses, Julien S. Gradnigo, Abhishek Majumdar, Robert B. Norgren Jr., Etsuko N. Moriyama

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

The rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) is widely used in molecular evolutionary analyses, particularly to identify genes under adaptive or unique evolution in the human lineage. For such studies, it is necessary to align nucleotide sequences of homologous protein-coding genes among multiple species. The validity of these analyses is dependent on high quality genomic data. However, for most mammalian species (other than humans and mice), only draft genomes are available. There has been concern that some results obtained from evolutionary analyses using draft genomes may not be correct. The rhesus macaque provides a unique opportunity to determine whether an …

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Is The Relationship Between Mast-Seeding And Weather In Oaks Related To Their Life-History Or Phylogeny?, Walter D. Koenig, Reyes Alejano, Maria Dolores Carbonero, Pilar Fernández-Rebollo, Johannes Knops, Teodoro Marañón, Carmen M. Padilla-Díaz, Ian S. Pearse, Ignacio M. Pérez-Ramos, Javier Vázquez-Piqué, Mario B. Pesendorfer Jan 2016

Is The Relationship Between Mast-Seeding And Weather In Oaks Related To Their Life-History Or Phylogeny?, Walter D. Koenig, Reyes Alejano, Maria Dolores Carbonero, Pilar Fernández-Rebollo, Johannes Knops, Teodoro Marañón, Carmen M. Padilla-Díaz, Ian S. Pearse, Ignacio M. Pérez-Ramos, Javier Vázquez-Piqué, Mario B. Pesendorfer

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

Although the functional basis of variable and synchronous seed production (masting behavior) has been extensively investigated, only recently has attention been focused on the proximate mechanisms driving this phenomenon. We analyzed the relationship between weather and acorn production in 15 species of oaks (genus Quercus) from three geographic regions on two continents, with the goals of determining the extent to which similar sets of weather factors affect masting behavior across species and to explore the ecological basis for the similarities detected. Lag-1 temporal autocorrelations were predominantly negative, supporting the hypothesis that stored resources play a role in masting behavior …

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New Verified Nonindigenous Amphibians And Reptiles In Florida Through 2015, With A Summary Of More Than 152 Years Of Introductions, Kenneth L. Krysko, Louis A. Somma, Dustin C. Smith, Christopher R. Gillette, Daniel Cueva, Joseph A. Wasilewski, Kevin M. Enge, Steve A. Johnson, Todd S. Campbell, Jake R. Edwards, Michael R. Rochford, Ryan Tompkins, Jeffrey L. Fobb, Scott Mullin, Christopher J. Lechowicz, Dallas Hazelton, Alície Warren Jan 2016

New Verified Nonindigenous Amphibians And Reptiles In Florida Through 2015, With A Summary Of More Than 152 Years Of Introductions, Kenneth L. Krysko, Louis A. Somma, Dustin C. Smith, Christopher R. Gillette, Daniel Cueva, Joseph A. Wasilewski, Kevin M. Enge, Steve A. Johnson, Todd S. Campbell, Jake R. Edwards, Michael R. Rochford, Ryan Tompkins, Jeffrey L. Fobb, Scott Mullin, Christopher J. Lechowicz, Dallas Hazelton, Alície Warren

Papers in Herpetology

More nonindigenous species occur in Florida, USA, than any other region worldwide and may threaten many of Florida’s natural resources. The frequency of new reports mandates the need for regular updates. Herein, we use photographic and specimen vouchers in addition to literature records to provide updated information on verified nonindigenous amphibians and reptiles in Florida. Between our most recent summary in 2012 and the end of 2015, 38 additional species are known to have been intercepted (n = 2) or introduced (n = 36). We also update the invasion stage of seven species previously reported from Florida and …

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Amblypygids: Model Organisms For The Study Of Arthropod Navigation Mechanisms In Complex Environments?, Daniel D. Wiegmann, Eileen A. Hebets, Wulfila Gronenberg, Jacob M. Graving, Verner P. Bingman Jan 2016

Amblypygids: Model Organisms For The Study Of Arthropod Navigation Mechanisms In Complex Environments?, Daniel D. Wiegmann, Eileen A. Hebets, Wulfila Gronenberg, Jacob M. Graving, Verner P. Bingman

Eileen Hebets Publications

Navigation is an ideal behavioral model for the study of sensory system integration and the neural substrates associated with complex behavior. For this broader purpose, however, it may be profitable to develop new model systems that are both tractable and sufficiently complex to ensure that information derived from a single sensory modality and path integration are inadequate to locate a goal. Here, we discuss some recent discoveries related to navigation by amblypygids, nocturnal arachnids that inhabit the tropics and sub-tropics. Nocturnal displacement experiments under the cover of a tropical rainforest reveal that these animals possess navigational abilities that are reminiscent, …

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The Behavioral Ecology Of Amblypygids, Kenneth J. Chapin, Eileen A. Hebets Jan 2016

The Behavioral Ecology Of Amblypygids, Kenneth J. Chapin, Eileen A. Hebets

Eileen Hebets Publications

Arachnologists have uncovered tantalizing details about amblypygid behavioral ecology—the study of the fitness consequences of their behavior. Thus, it is the aim of this review to position Amblypygi as a useful system in which to investigate the principles of animal behavioral ecology. We synthesize amblypygid habitat preference and navigation modalities; predator, prey, parasite, parasitoid, cannibal, and commensal interactions; resource contests and territoriality; mating systems and mate choice; parental investment and sociality; and genetics and genomics as they relate to behavioral ecology. We present ideas for future research in each of these areas and discuss future directions for Amblypygi behavioral ecology …

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Absence Of Mate Choice And Postcopulatory Benefits In A Species With Extreme Sexual Size Dimorphism, Marie Claire Chelini, Eileen Hebets Jan 2016

Absence Of Mate Choice And Postcopulatory Benefits In A Species With Extreme Sexual Size Dimorphism, Marie Claire Chelini, Eileen Hebets

Eileen Hebets Publications

Most hypotheses related to the evolution of female-biased extreme sexual size dimorphism (SSD) attribute the differences in the size of each sex to selection for reproduction, either through selection for increased female fecundity or selection for male increased mobility and faster development. Very few studies, however, have tested for direct fitness benefits associated with the latter – small male size. Mecaphesa celer is a crab spider with extreme SSD, whose males are less than half the size of females and often weigh 10 times less. Here, we test the hypotheses that larger size in females and smaller size in males …

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Knowing Your Own: A Classroom Case Study Using The Scientific Method To Investigate How Birds Learn To Recognize Their Offspring, Joanna K. Hubbard, Daizaburo Shizuka, Brian A. Couch Jan 2016

Knowing Your Own: A Classroom Case Study Using The Scientific Method To Investigate How Birds Learn To Recognize Their Offspring, Joanna K. Hubbard, Daizaburo Shizuka, Brian A. Couch

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

Understanding the scientific method provides students with a necessary foundation for careers in science-related fields. Moreover, students can apply scientific inquiry skills in many aspects of their daily lives and decision making. Thus, the ability to apply the scientific method represents an essential skill that students should learn during undergraduate science education. We designed an interrupted case study in which students learn about and apply the scientific method to investigate and recapitulate the findings of a published research article. This research article addresses the question of how parents recognize their own young in a system where birds of the same …

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Heterochromatin And Genetic Conflict, Colin D. Meiklejohn Jan 2016

Heterochromatin And Genetic Conflict, Colin D. Meiklejohn

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

Meiosis is a dangerous business. The two alleles in diploid organisms share an evolutionary interest in the survival and reproduction of their host individual; however, as soon as they segregate into haploid gametes, these alleles find themselves competing for transmission to the next generation (1). In males, the development of all four meiotic products into functional gametes fosters the evolution of alleles that disrupt the development or viability of gametes carrying the alternate allele. Systems that distort Mendelian segregation (hence, segregation distorters) typically comprise at least two loci: a trans-acting drive locus (such as a gene that encodes a …

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A Stenotrophomonas Maltophilia Strain Evades A Major Caenorhabditis Elegans Defense Pathway, Corin V. White, Brian J. Darby, Robert J. Breeden, Robert J. Breeden, Michael A. Herman Jan 2016

A Stenotrophomonas Maltophilia Strain Evades A Major Caenorhabditis Elegans Defense Pathway, Corin V. White, Brian J. Darby, Robert J. Breeden, Robert J. Breeden, Michael A. Herman

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a ubiquitous bacterium and an emerging nosocomial pathogen. This bacterium is resistant to many antibiotics, associated with a number of infections, and a significant health risk, especially for immunocompromised patients. Given that Caenorhabditis elegans shares many conserved genetic pathways and pathway components with higher organisms, the study of its interaction with bacterial pathogens has biomedical implications. S. maltophilia has been isolated in association with nematodes from grassland soils, and it is likely that C. elegans encounters this bacterium in nature. We found that a local S. maltophilia isolate, JCMS, is more virulent than the other S. maltophilia …

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Functional Genomic Insights Into Regulatory Mechanisms Of High-Altitude Adaptation, Jay F. Storz, Zachary A. Cheviron Jan 2016

Functional Genomic Insights Into Regulatory Mechanisms Of High-Altitude Adaptation, Jay F. Storz, Zachary A. Cheviron

Jay F. Storz Publications

Recent studies of indigenous human populations at high altitude have provided proof-of-principle that genome scans of DNA polymorphism can be used to identify candidate loci for hypoxia adaptation. When integrated with experimental analyses of physiological phenotypes, genome-wide surveys of DNA polymorphism and tissue-specific transcriptional profiles can provide insights into actual mechanisms of adaptation. It has been suggested that adaptive phenotypic evolution is largely mediated by cis-regulatory changes in genes that are located at integrative control points in regulatory networks. This hypothesis can be tested by conducting transcriptomic analyses of hypoxic signaling pathways in conjunction with experimental measures of vascular …

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Switchgrass Storage Effects On The Recovery Of Carbohydrates After Liquid Hot Water Pretreatment And Enzymatic Hydrolysis, Noaa Frederick, Mengxing Li, Danielle Julie Carrier, Michael D. Buser, Mark R. Wilkins Jan 2016

Switchgrass Storage Effects On The Recovery Of Carbohydrates After Liquid Hot Water Pretreatment And Enzymatic Hydrolysis, Noaa Frederick, Mengxing Li, Danielle Julie Carrier, Michael D. Buser, Mark R. Wilkins

Department of Agricultural and Biological Systems Engineering: Faculty Publications

Perennial grasses that would be used for bioenergy and bioproducts production will need to be stored for various periods of time to ensure a continual feedstock supply to a bioprocessing facility. The effects of storage practices on grass composition and the response of grasses to subsequent bioprocesses such as pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis needs to be understood to develop the most efficient storage protocols. This study examined the effect of outdoor storage of round switchgrass bales on composition before and after liquid hot water pretreatment (LHW) and enzymatic hydrolysis. This study also examined the effect of washing LHW pretreated biomass …

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Killer Toxin From Several Food-Derived Debaryomyces Hansenii Strains Effective Against Pathogenic Candida Yeasts, Nabaraj Banjara, Kenneth Nickerson, Mallory J. Suhr, Heather E. Hallen-Adams Jan 2016

Killer Toxin From Several Food-Derived Debaryomyces Hansenii Strains Effective Against Pathogenic Candida Yeasts, Nabaraj Banjara, Kenneth Nickerson, Mallory J. Suhr, Heather E. Hallen-Adams

Kenneth Nickerson Papers

Candida yeasts are the dominant fungi in the healthy human microbiome, but are well-known for causing disease following a variety of perturbations. Evaluation of fungal populations from the healthy human gut revealed a significant negative correlation between the foodborne yeast, Debaryomyces hansenii, and Candida species. D. hansenii is reported to produce killer toxins (mycocins) effective against other yeast species. In order to better understand this phenomenon, a collection of 42 D. hansenii isolates was obtained from 22 cheeses and evaluated for killer activity against Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis over a range of temperatures and pH values. Twenty three …

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Baylisascaris Larva Migrans, Kevin R. Kazacos Jan 2016

Baylisascaris Larva Migrans, Kevin R. Kazacos

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Zoonotic diseases, such as baylisascariasis, are receiving increasing attention as components of disease emergence and resurgence (Kazacos, 2001). Baylisascariasis is caused by the roundworm Baylisascaris procyonis and is one of the more recent zoonotic disease developments. This disease remains one of the least known and poorly understood zoonotic diseases, yet over the past several decades it has become widespread. It originated in wildlife species and is now well established as a human malady. Baylisascariasis is transmitted to humans via consumption of contaminated feces, and the role of wildlife (primarily raccoons) in this transmission process is becoming more clearly known and …

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A New Feather Mite Species Of The Genus Trouessartia Canestrini (Acariformes: Trouessartiidae) From The Northern Rough-Winged Swallow Stelgidopteryx Serripennis (Passeriformes: Hirundinidae) In Pennsylvania, S. V. Mironov, R. M. Overstreet Jan 2016

A New Feather Mite Species Of The Genus Trouessartia Canestrini (Acariformes: Trouessartiidae) From The Northern Rough-Winged Swallow Stelgidopteryx Serripennis (Passeriformes: Hirundinidae) In Pennsylvania, S. V. Mironov, R. M. Overstreet

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

A new feather mite species, Trouessartia stelgidopteryx sp. n. (Astigmata: Trouessartiidae), is described from the Northern rough-winged swallow Stelgidopteryx serripennis Newton (Passeriformes: Hirundinidae) in Pennsylvania, USA. The new species is close to the minutipes species group and differs from its representatives and all other known species of the genus Trouessartia in having a unique combination of features in males: the opisthosomal lobes are much longer than wide, they are separated by a large semi-ovate terminal cleft, and their lobar apices bear semi-ovate terminal lamellae with a smooth margin.

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Trematode Diversity In Freshwater Fishes Of The Globe Ii: “New World”, Anindo Choudhury, M. Leopoldina Aguirre-Macedo, Stephen S. Curran, Margarita Ostrowski De Núñez, Robin M. Overstreet, Gerardo Pérez-Ponce De León, Cláudia Portes Santos Jan 2016

Trematode Diversity In Freshwater Fishes Of The Globe Ii: “New World”, Anindo Choudhury, M. Leopoldina Aguirre-Macedo, Stephen S. Curran, Margarita Ostrowski De Núñez, Robin M. Overstreet, Gerardo Pérez-Ponce De León, Cláudia Portes Santos

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

We provide a summary overview of the diversity of trematode parasites in freshwater fishes of the “New World,” i.e. the Americas, with emphasis on adult forms. The trematode fauna of three regions, South America, Middle America, and USA and Canada (North America north of Mexico), are considered separately. In total, 462 trematode species have been reported as adults from the Americas. The proportion of host species examined for parasites varies widely across the Americas, from a high of 45% in the Mexican region of Middle America to less than 5% in South America. North and South America share no adult …

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Development Of Adsorptive Membranes By Confinement Of Activated Biochar Into Electrospun Nanofibers, Mehrdad Taheran, Mitra Naghdi, Satinder K. Brar, Emile Knystautas, Mausam Verma, Rao Y. Surampalli, Jose R. Valero Jan 2016

Development Of Adsorptive Membranes By Confinement Of Activated Biochar Into Electrospun Nanofibers, Mehrdad Taheran, Mitra Naghdi, Satinder K. Brar, Emile Knystautas, Mausam Verma, Rao Y. Surampalli, Jose R. Valero

Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering: Faculty Publications

Adsorptive membranes have many applications in removal of contaminants, such as heavy metals and organic contaminants from water. Recently, increasing concentrations of pharmaceutically active compounds, especially antibiotics, such as chlortetracycline in water and wastewater sources has raised concerns about their potentially adverse impacts on environment and human health. In this study, a series of polyacrylonitrile (PAN)/activated biochar nanofibrous membranes (NFMs) with different loadings of biochar (0–2%, w/w) were fabricated using electrospinning. The morphology and structure of fabricated membranes was investigated by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared and thermogravimetric analysis. The results showed that at 1.5% of biochar loading, the …

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El Trauma Del Retorno: Masculinidad Y Exilio En Max Aub, Iker González-Allende Jan 2016

El Trauma Del Retorno: Masculinidad Y Exilio En Max Aub, Iker González-Allende

Spanish Language and Literature Papers

El exilio, el abandono del propio país por motivos políticos, puede vivirse como un hecho traumático de tipo acumulativo que genera ansiedad y pena. En opinión de León y Rebeca Grinberg, los desplazados de su país sutren un sentimiento de impotencia que se asemeja por su ruptura y separación al trauma del nacimiento y a la pérdida de la madre protectora (13). Numerosos estudiosos han señalado que los que se ven obligados a dejar su país posiblemente sean más propensos a padecer depresiones por las pérdidas sufridas, el choque cultural en el país de acogida y la falta de apoyo …

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Status Of Paratyphoid Fever Vaccine Research And Development, Laura B. Martin, Raphael Simon, Calman A. Maclennan, Sharon M. Tennant, Sushant Sahastrabuddhe, M. Imran Khan Jan 2016

Status Of Paratyphoid Fever Vaccine Research And Development, Laura B. Martin, Raphael Simon, Calman A. Maclennan, Sharon M. Tennant, Sushant Sahastrabuddhe, M. Imran Khan

Centre of Excellence in Women and Child Health

Salmonella enterica serovars Typhi and Paratyphi (S. Paratyphi) A and B cause enteric fever in humans. Of the paratyphoid group, S. Paratyphi A is the most common serovar. In 2000, there were an estimated 5.4 million cases of S. Paratyphi A worldwide. More recently paratyphoid fever has accounted for an increasing fraction of all cases of enteric fever. Although vaccines for typhoid fever have been developed and in use for decades, vaccines for paratyphoid fever have not yet been licensed. Several S. Paratyphi A vaccines, however, are in development and based on either whole cell …

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