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In Ovo Feeding With Ss-Hydroxy Ss-Methylbutyrate And Broilerperformance, Intestinal Health, And Immunity Status, Ömer Hakan Muğlali, Mustafa Salman, Ayhan Gacar, Fi̇li̇z Akdağ, Mustafa Yavuz Gülbahar, Alper Çi̇ftçi̇, Ertan Emek Onuk, Fi̇li̇z Karadaş, Hüseyi̇n Eseceli̇

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The effects of in ovo administration of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) on broiler performance, intestinal health, and immunity were investigated. At day 18 of incubation, fertile eggs were divided into negative (no injection) and positive (physiologic serum injection) controls and three HMB treatment groups. HMB solution was injected at 0.1% (Group 1), 0.2% (Group 2), and 0.3% (Group 3) concentrations. There were no significant differences between the groups for live weight gain, feed conversion rate, and hot carcass, breast meat, liver, and heart weight. However, the gizzard weight in Group 1 was significantly higher than those in the other groups (P < 0.05). Although the intestinal villi lengths in the treatment Groups 1 and 3 on day 20 were greater than those in the control groups (P < 0.01), at the end of the experiment there were no significant differences among the groups. For antibody levels, the differences between groups on days 4 and 42 were highly significant (P < 0.01), and the antibody levels in Group 2 were higher than those in the other groups. Separately, growth performance and antibody levels were positively correlated with the length of villi in Group 2 (HMB 0.2%).

Purification Of Avian Influenza Virus (H9n2) From Allantoic Fluidby Size-Exclusion Chromatography, Ali Nazari Shirvan, Maedeh Samianifard, Naser Ghodsian

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Avian influenza viruses represent a rising threat of pandemic influenza. Allantoic fluid including influenza virus H9N2 was run on downstream processing to purify the virus. To do this, allantoic fluid was clarified and concentrated. It was applied to size exclusion chromatography. Different parameters such as ovalbumin, protein content, and hemagglutinin activity were determined to confirm the purity. The results may suggest that this method is quite efficient for achieving a purified H9N2 influenza virus and further reveal that size-exclusion chromatography is a practical method for purifying avian influenza viruses. In conclusion, this procedure can be used in vaccine production and …

Polymorphism Of Exon 2 Of Dio2 Gene And Its Association Withseasonal Reproduction In Sheep, Jianning He, Dongwei Huang, Ran Di, Jinxin Wang, Mingxing Chu, Qiuyue Liu, Wenping Hu, Xiangyu Wang, Zhangyuan Pan

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

DIO2 was studied as a candidate gene for reproduction in sheep. Three pairs of primers were designed to detect single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of exon 2 of DIO2 in nonseasonal and seasonal reproduction breeds. The polymorphisms were detected using SeqMan II and analyzed by PCR-RFLP. The sheep DIO2 gene was cloned and its mutations were detected in five sheep breeds whose reproductive seasonality and litter sizes were different. Association analyses were performed to reveal the relationships between SNPs and reproductive seasonality as well as litter size in sheep. The results showed that a 1041-bp DNA fragment of the sheep DIO2 …

The Efficacy Of Kaolin Clay In Reducing The Duration And Severity Of `Heat' Diarrhea In Foals, Magdalena Pieszka, Jaroslaw Luszczynski, Magdalena Hedrzak, Katerina Goncharova, Stefan G. Pierzynowski

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

'Heat' diarrhea in foals is an onerous but not life-threatening ailment, which indicates that it may be of osmotic origin. This was confirmed by a successful attempt, presented in this paper, to alleviate the severity and duration of foal heat diarrhea with the use of a typical absorbent, kaolin clay, as a feed additive, usually applied in feed production as an anticaking agent. Based on the present results, it can be concluded that treatment of foals maintained on different stud farms with a kaolin paste reduced the duration of heat diarrhea and alleviated its severity (P < 0.05 and P = 0.001). The observed action of kaolin clay, an excellent absorbent, suggests that the so-called heat diarrhea can be caused by disturbances in the intestinal osmotic balance at this specific age of foals. The use of this preparation can reduce the risk of secondary pathological viral or bacterial diarrhea and the requirement for veterinary intervention in foal management. It can also shorten the care period and increase foal well-being, essential for the normal development of a young horse. In addition, prophylactic application of an antidiarrheal preparation based on an industrial by-product, i.e. A cheap component, will reduce the costs of foal care.

The Effects Of Sebum Configuration On Demodex Spp. Density, Hati̇ce Gamze Demi̇rdağ, Hamdi̇ Özcan, Şule Gürsoy, Gülçi̇n Beker Akbulut

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: Demodex spp. are ectoparasites living in the pilosebaceous units, which feed on the host's sebum and cellular proteins. The protective barrier of the skin consists of sebum secretion, moisture, and the acid mantle. In this study, we aimed to determine the effects of skin sebum, moisture, pH levels, and sebum configuration on Demodex spp. density Materials and methods: Forty-five patients who had demodicosis were enrolled in the study group, while the control group consisted of 40 subjects without demodicosis. Body fat percentage, serum triglyceride and cholesterol levels, skin sebum, moisture, and pH levels were measured. Demodex spp. density was …

Influence Of Dietary Vitamin D3 Supplementation On The Sarcomere Length,Warner?Bratzler Shear Force, Shortening Of Ageing Time, And Sensory Acceptanceof Culinary Beef Muscles, Urszula Karolina Rafalska

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of dietary vitamin D3 supplementation on ageing time, tenderness, and consumer acceptance of 3 muscles: longissimus lumborum, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus from crossbreed bulls. Bulls (n = 48) were divided into 4 experimental groups (n = 12 each) that were administered ground oats supplemented with various amounts of vitamin D3 (0.0, 3.5, 7.0, or 10.0 x 106 IU) at 1 day before slaughter. To determine the effect of vitamin D3 addition, changes in tenderness were measured by sarcomere length and Warner?Bratzler shear force (WBSF). In addition, all of the muscles were …

Distinctive Phenotypic And Molecular Characteristics Of Brucella Abortus Strains Isolated From Mongolia, Ji-Yeon Kim, Sung-Il Kang, Janchivdorj Erdenebaataar, Batbaatar Vanaabaatar, Gombosuren Ulziisaikhan, Ochirbat Khursbaatar, Kichan Lee, Jin Ju Lee, So-Ra Sung, Suk Chan Jung, Yong Ho Park, Han-Sang Yoo, Moon Her

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Recently, some Brucella abortus were isolated from human and various livestock in Mongolia, and the classical biotyping and molecular detection methods (PCR assays, 16S rRNA sequencing analysis, and multilocus variable number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA)) were applied to investigate them. Of the 16 isolates, nine and seven were confirmed as biovar (bv.) 3 and untyped by the classical biotyping assay, respectively. The phenotypic characteristics of the untyped isolates were consistent with those of the former B. abortus bv. 7, which is not included in the current Brucella taxonomy. Additionally, genus- and species-specific PCR supported that the untyped Mongolian isolates belonged …

Effect Of Retinol And Retinol Esters On Performance, Egg Quality, And Blood And Egg Vitamin A Levels In Laying Quails, Murat İlhan, Tuba Bülbül

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This study aimed to determine the effects of retinol and retinol ester supplementation on performance, egg quality, serum and egg oxidative status, and vitamin A levels in laying quails. Three hundred quails were divided into 5 groups. The control group received a basal diet that contained vitamin premix without vitamin A or vitamin A precursors. The treatment groups received dietary supplementation with retinol and retinol esters [retinyl acetate (R-acetate), retinyl palmitate (R-palmitate), retinyl propionate (R-propionate), 3300 IU/kg]. Egg production and feed conversion ratio improved in all experimental groups. Serum β-carotene and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels decreased and serum retinol levels increased …

Tessellations: An Artistic And Mathematical Look At The Work Of Maurits Cornelis Escher, Emily E. Bachmeier

Honors Program Theses

The purpose of this study was to learn more about the mathematics of tessellations and their artistic potential. Whenever I have seen tessellations, I always admire them. It is baffling how such complicated shapes can be repeated infinitely on the plane. This research aimed to increase the amount of tessellation information and activities available to secondary mathematics teachers by connecting the tessellations of Maurits Cornelis Escher with their underlying mathematics in order to use them for teaching secondary mathematics. The overarching premise of this study was to create something that would also be beneficial in my career as a secondary …

Exploration Of Empfindsamer Stil: The Creation And Performance Of An Informed Performance Edition Of Cpe Bach's Concerto In D Minor For Flute And Orchestra, Emily C. Bicknese

Honors Program Theses

Through research of the unique Empfindsamer stil (“sensitive style”) developed by Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach, I have constructed an informed performance edition for the second movement, “Un poco andante,” of Bach’s Concerto in D minor for Flute and Orchestra according to the performance practices of the era. The slow movement allows the greatest possibilities for embellishment and stylistic interpretation. For the second movement performance edition, I have written exact musical notation for the solo flute line, including ornamentation, articulation, phrasing, dynamics, tempo, and an original cadenza. All notations have been based on performance practices of the Empfindsamer stil. In the …

Affirmatively Furthering Neighborhood Choice: Vacant Property Strategies And Fair Housing, James J. Kelly Jr.

Journal Articles

When many of us think about fair housing enforcement, scenes involving undercover apartment applicants ferreting out racially biased landlords come to mind. Indeed, fair housing "testers" have been and continue to be an important element of civil rights accountability.' However, implementation of the Fair Housing Act of 1968 has had at least as much to do with increasing the supply of decent, affordable housing options to members of protected groups as with assuring those individuals that they will not be denied a particular housing unit because of the color of their skin or a disability.

This macro aspect of fair …

Subsidiarity's Roots And History: Some Observations, John M. Finnis

Journal Articles

Subsidiarity, i.e., “the principle of subsidiarity,” i.e., “the principle of subsidiary function/responsibility,” i.e., the principle that it is unjust for a higher authority (e.g., the state’s government and law) to usurp the self-governing authority that lower authorities (e.g., in families or other civil associations), acting in the service of their own members (groups and persons), rightly have over those members, is a presumptive and defeasible, not an absolute, principle. But it excludes any general policy or aim of assuming the control or managerial direction of lower groups. Its deepest rationale is the intrinsic desirability of self-direction (not least in cooperatively …

Enduring Originalism, Jeffrey A. Pojanowski, Kevin C. Walsh

Journal Articles

If our law requires originalism in constitutional interpretation, then that would be a good reason to be an originalist. This insight animates what many have begun to call the “positive turn” in originalism. Defenses of originalism in this vein are “positive” in that they are based on the status of the Constitution, and constitutional law, as positive law. This approach shifts focus away from abstract conceptual or normative arguments about interpretation and focuses instead on how we actually understand and apply the Constitution as law. On these grounds, originalism rests on a factual claim about the content of our law: …

Opinion Of Justice Katherine Franke In Obergefell V. Hodges, Katherine M. Franke

Faculty Scholarship

Professor Jack Balkin has assembled a group of 9 scholars and advocates to write opinions in the Obergefell v. Hodges case for a forthcoming volume, What Obergefell Should Have Said (Yale University Press 2017). Balkin writes for the majority of the Court and I provide a concurrence along with a short commentary explaining my approach and reasoning. In summary, I conclude that: Laws barring same-sex couples from eligibility for licensure as civil marriages violate the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment because they find their origin in and perpetuate notions of heterosexual supremacy, and have the aim and effect …

Guardians Of Municipal Public Trees: Commonwealth Of Massachusetts Tree Wardens’ Authority And Accountability, Julie E. Steiner

Faculty Scholarship

Today’s tree wardens are continually called upon to strike a balance between preservation of public trees and protection of the public from hazardous tree conditions. The Commonwealth of Massachusetts has been a pioneer in tree protection legislation, including the enactment of the first state legislation requiring a municipal tree warden. As guardians of the municipal landscape, tree wardens decide whether and when to plant new public shade trees, or to permit those that already exist to be cut, trimmed, or removed. This Article describes the important historical role the Commonwealth of Massachusetts has played in protecting public trees, the legal …

Symposium: Environmental Accountability In An Age Of Consequences: Foreword, Julie E. Steiner

Faculty Scholarship

The five articles in this Symposium issue each take a different approach to addressing environmental accountability. There is unequivocal evidence that the climate system is warming, caused mainly by the measurable increase in anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. The Symposium authors include Denis Binder, Susan Stark, Julie E. Steiner, Chris Erchull, Laura Fisher, and Daniel DePasquale. These Authors challenge all to think broadly about utilization of different accountability mechanisms to ensure more efficient environmental outcomes.

The Effects Of Script On Reading Development Of Farsi And Arabic Bilinguals, Fatemeh Hosseini Almadani

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

Knowledge of orthographic depth, the degree of letter-sound consistency, is one of the important skills that must be acquired by beginning readers. Vowelized Arabic and Farsi scripts are consistent in terms of grapheme-phoneme mappings and beginning readers should find it easier to read regular and consistent words. However, vowels are removed from Farsi and Arabic texts read by more experienced learners, which make these script forms more challenging for readers. Sixty students who were learning to read Farsi or Arabic (age range of 7-14 years) were tested for reading ability as well as cognitive and phonological processing in two languages: …

Climate Change And Social Work: Our Roles And Barriers To Action, Tina Cumby

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

This qualitative research project was conducted using a grounded theory research methodology and was approached with the theoretical underpinnings of social constructivism and pragmatism. The purpose of this research was to assess what role, if any, that social workers can play in dealing with environmental issues such as climate change and what barriers, if any, they will likely experience as they engage with these issues. It is important to explore these roles and barriers because social work is a profession that is well equipped to mitigate environmental issues like climate change, yet there is virtually no social work presence in …

Characterization Of A Phosphonate-Specific Cytidylyltransferase, Kissa Batul

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

Antibiotic resistance is a major global health concern that requires new therapeutic approaches. Furthermore, a lack of narrow spectrum antibiotics on the market produces unintended consequences with respect to changes in our microbial make up. Phosphonates are reduced versions of phosphates that possess a C-P bond which is more resistant to enzymatic and chemical degradation. The role of phosphonate containing macromolecules (e.g. cell surface polysaccharides) remains enigmatic, however their presence suggests that they may confer an advantage. The biosynthesis of phosphonate-containing macromolecules is unknown, but a pathway is proposed involving aLicC type cytidylyltransferase-catalyzed conjugation to a phosphonate followed by a …

Quaking Aspen In Utah: Integrating Recent Science With Management, Paul C. Rogers, Samuel B. St. Clair

Wildland Resources Faculty Publications

Quaking aspen is widely regarded as a key resource for humans, livestock, and wildlife with these values often competing with each other, leading to overuse of aspen in some locations and declines. We review trends in aspen science and management, particularly in Utah. Historically, research conducted here holds a prestigious place in international aspen circles. We highlight recent studies continuing the tradition to keep rangeland managers informed of important developments, focusing on aspen functional types, historical cover change and climate warming, ungulate herbivory, and disturbance interactions.

Late Fremont Cultural Identities And Borderland Processes, Michael T. Searcy, Richard K. Talbot

Faculty Publications

he spread of maize farming across the American Southwest reached its northernmost extent west of the Rockies by the first or second centuries ad (James Allison, personal communication, 2014; Allison 2014), in the area encompassing the Colorado Plateau north of the Colorado River and the eastern portion of the Great Basin. he practitioners of farming in this area, the Fremont, generally resemble other Southwest farmers in material culture, social structure, settlement, and land use. hey are markedly different from contemporaneous hunter- gatherers to the west, north, and east in these same characteristics and in general economic strategy. Changing paradigms have …

Granting Exemptions From Legal Duties: When Are They Warranted And What Is The Place Of Religion?, Kent Greenawalt

Faculty Scholarship

In what follows, I focus on when exemptions from legal duties are called for and whether religion should be a crucial ingredient. I concentrate especially on the present controversy over same-sex marriage, and how far people and organizations should be required to afford those couples equal status. But other kinds of exemptions can help us understand various general questions and provide key insights about this intense concern of our time.

My basic conclusions are these: religious convictions and practices do matter but only sometimes should they be legally distinguished from other bases. Considering all that is at stake, certain exemptions …

Dysfunctional Epileptic Neuronal Circuits And Dysmorphic Dendritic Spines Are Mitigated By Platelet-Activating Factor Receptor Antagonism, Alberto E. Musto, Robert F. Rosencrans, Chelsey P. Walker, Surjyadipta Bhattacharjee, Chittalsinh M. Raulji, Ludmila Belayev, Zhide Fang, William C. Gordon, Nicolas G. Bazan

Journal Articles: Pediatrics

Temporal lobe epilepsy or limbic epilepsy lacks effective therapies due to a void in understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms that set in motion aberrant neuronal network formations during the course of limbic epileptogenesis (LE). Here we show in in vivo rodent models of LE that the phospholipid mediator platelet-activating factor (PAF) increases in LE and that PAF receptor (PAF-r) ablation mitigates its progression. Synthetic PAF-r antagonists, when administered intraperitoneally in LE, re-establish hippocampal dendritic spine density and prevent formation of dysmorphic dendritic spines. Concomitantly, hippocampal interictal spikes, aberrant oscillations, and neuronal hyper-excitability, evaluated 15-16 weeks after LE using multi-array …

Big Data And The Future For Privacy, Neil M. Richards, Jonathan H. King

Scholarship@WashULaw

In our inevitable big data future, critics and skeptics argue that privacy will have no place. We disagree. When properly understood, privacy rules will be an essential and valuable part of our digital future, especially if we wish to retain the human values on which our political, social, and economic institutions have been built. In this paper, we make three simple points. First, we need to think differently about "privacy." Privacy is not merely about keeping secrets, but about the rules we use to regulate information, which is and always has been in intermediate states between totally secret and known …

Taking Trust Seriously In Privacy Law, Neil M. Richards, Woodrow Hartzog

Scholarship@WashULaw

Trust is beautiful. The willingness to accept vulnerability to the actions of others is the essential ingredient for friendship, commerce, transportation, and virtually every other activity that involves other people. It allows us to build things, and it allows us to grow. Trust is everywhere, but particularly at the core of the information relationships that have come to characterize our modern, digital lives. Relationships between people and their ISPs, social networks, and hired professionals are typically understood in terms of privacy. But the way we have talked about privacy has a pessimism problem – privacy is conceptualized in negative terms, …

Constructions Of Arbitration’S Informalism: Autonomy, Efficiency, And Justice, Hiro Aragaki

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Does Rigorously Enforcing Arbitration Agreements Promote “Autonomy”?, Hiro Aragaki

Faculty Scholarship

In recent years, the U.S. Supreme Court has helped transform arbitration law into a radical private-ordering regime in which freedom of contract has come to eclipse public regulation. Arbitration jurisprudence justifies this transformation in part on a profound and longstanding commitment to the ideal of individual autonomy, understood as the freedom—lacking in litigation—to select a disputing process best suited to one’s needs. In this Article, I question the cogency of this justification. I argue, first, that autonomy has had different and sometimes conflicting meanings even within arbitration jurisprudence. Second, depending on the meaning one ascribes to autonomy, it is at …

The President In His Labyrinth: Checks And Balances In The New Pan-American Presidentialism, Andrea Scoseria Katz

Scholarship@WashULaw

This dissertation presents a theory of the separation of powers centered on the President’s “power to persuade.” To meet the imperial public expectations placed on the office in the modern age, the President will reliably try to supplement his limited formal powers by convincing others to support his agenda, the people, party allies, and courts being the most important. The President’s techniques of persuasion fall into three regular categories. First, there is “going public,” or popular leadership, where the President turns the force of popular majorities into a tool for shaping policy or legislative outcomes. Second is executive law-making, whereby …

Gatekeeping Science: Using The Structure Of Scientific Research To Distinguish Between Admissibility And Weight In Expert Testimony, David L. Faigman, Christopher Slobogin, John Monahan

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

A Bacterial Quorum-Sensing Precursor Induces Mortality In The Marine Coccolithophore, Emiliania Huxleyi, Elizabeth L. Harvey, Robert W. Deering, David C. Rowley, Kristen E. Whalen

Biology Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.