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2015

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Intra-Oral Scanning Devices Compared To Traditional Digital Impressions, Terpsithea Christou Jan 2015

Intra-Oral Scanning Devices Compared To Traditional Digital Impressions, Terpsithea Christou

All ETDs from UAB

The aim of this study is to review the state of art concerning 3D optical acquisition techniques and devices currently used in Orthodontics, and determine whether a commercial intra-oral scanner is as accurate as traditional impressions for orthodontic purposes. Materials and Methods: Records of 30 subjects were prospectively acquired and digital models were obtained using an intra-oral scanner, LythosTM by Ormco, and an extra-oral scanner, GOM ATOS Triple Scan II by GOM. Seven parameters indicating linear measurements from predetermined landmarks were measured and analyzed. Paired t tests, plots and bars and Bland and Altman Analysis were used to compare and …

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The Impact Of Student Loans On Homeownership, Matthew Eric Click Jan 2015

The Impact Of Student Loans On Homeownership, Matthew Eric Click

All ETDs from UAB

This thesis examines the relationship between student loan debt and homeownership. I hypothesize that a negative relationship exists, and control for a respondent’s age, household income, household size, race, gender, marital status, and level of education. Using a binary logistic regression model to examine data from the 2012 National Financial Capability Study (NFCS) and the 2014 Survey of Household Economic Decisions (SHED), I model the odds-ratios and predicted probabilities of homeownership for respondents with and without student loans. I find a decrease in the predicted probability of homeownership by 8.4% and 9.3% in the NFCS and SHED datasets, respectively. While …

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The Utilization Of Blue - Green Algae Lyngbya Recovered From Local Ponds As Natural Reinforcement Of Composite Materials, Ninfa Alejandra Constante Perez Jan 2015

The Utilization Of Blue - Green Algae Lyngbya Recovered From Local Ponds As Natural Reinforcement Of Composite Materials, Ninfa Alejandra Constante Perez

All ETDs from UAB

The abundance of blue - green algae (BGAs) has created a social and industrial problem. The overgrowth of algae blooms in water bodies across the U.S. reduces the quality of water for ecological and recreational purposes. The production of algae biofuels is forecasted to exponentially grow in the coming years, but waste residual algal biomass represents a challenge to biofuel producers. This work explores possible avenues for the utilization of BGAs as an effective reinforcement of natural fiber composites. Natural fiber composites (NFCs) are of great importance for the automotive industry in applications such as interior door panels, headliners, and …

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Upper Incisors Position Changes After Orthodontic Treatment In Class I, Ii And Iii Malocclusions, Konstantinos Bakos Jan 2015

Upper Incisors Position Changes After Orthodontic Treatment In Class I, Ii And Iii Malocclusions, Konstantinos Bakos

All ETDs from UAB

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the maxillary central incisor position changes after orthodontic treatment in Class I, II and III malocclusions. Material and Methods: This retrospective cohort study evaluated nighty non extraction orthodontic Class I, II and III cases which were collected randomly from the Orthodontic clinic at the University of Alabama at Birmingham and the Institutional Review Board of the University of Alabama at Birmingham approved the study. All the chosen cases were treated with fixed appliances and according to the standards of American Board of Orthodontics. All the lateral cephalo-metric radiographs were taken using …

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Interlayer Utilization (Including Metal Borides) For Subsequent Deposition Of Nsd Films Via Microwave Plasma Cvd On 316 And 440c Stainless Steels, Jared Ballinger Jan 2015

Interlayer Utilization (Including Metal Borides) For Subsequent Deposition Of Nsd Films Via Microwave Plasma Cvd On 316 And 440c Stainless Steels, Jared Ballinger

All ETDs from UAB

Diamond thin films have promising applications in numerous fields due to the extreme properties of diamonds in conjunction with the surface enhancement of thin films. Biomedical applications are numerous including temporary implants and various dental and surgical instruments. The unique combination of properties offered by nanostructured diamond films that make it such an attractive surface coating include extreme hardness, low obtainable surface roughness, excellent thermal conductivity, and chemical inertness. Regrettably, numerous problems exist when attempting to coat stainless steel with diamond generating a readily delaminated film: outward diffusion of iron to the surface, inward diffusion of carbon limiting necessary surface …

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On The Simplest Lamination Of A Given Identity Return Triangle, Brandon Lee Barry Jan 2015

On The Simplest Lamination Of A Given Identity Return Triangle, Brandon Lee Barry

All ETDs from UAB

Laminations are models for locally connected Julia sets of complex polynomials. This paper is concerned with laminations associated with degree 3 polynomials. We introduce and discuss simplest laminations and prove that subject to certain conditions a finite collection C of periodic polygons is associated with a simplest lamination L_C. This lamination is unique with respect to some collection of pullback schemes. We apply this result to the case where the collection C consists of the orbit of a periodic chord. We then introduce and characterize simple Fatou gaps by their boundary leaves and discuss the relationship between simple Fatou gaps …

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Mechanisms Of Npy-Induced Phase Shifts And Gsk3 Modulation Of Rhythmic Molecular Clock Gene Expression, Neurophysiological Function, And Memory., Rachel Besing Jan 2015

Mechanisms Of Npy-Induced Phase Shifts And Gsk3 Modulation Of Rhythmic Molecular Clock Gene Expression, Neurophysiological Function, And Memory., Rachel Besing

All ETDs from UAB

The current set of studies addresses three main hypotheses. We first tested the hypothesis that NPY-induced phase advances are accompanied by persistent suppression of core circadian clock gene PER2 and are mediated by long-term depression of neuronal excitability in a phase-specific manner. We found that NPY induced phase advances in PER2::LUC cultures, as well as decreased neuronal firing in SCN slices, are largest when NPY is given in the early part of the day and PER2::LUC phase advances were blocked by depolarization with potassium chloride, suggesting that NPY-induced phase advances are mediated by long-term depression of neuronal excitability. The second …

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Synthesis And Characterization Of A Collagen Based Biodegradable Polymer Initiated By Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticle For Bone Regeneration, Didarul B. Bhuiyan Jan 2015

Synthesis And Characterization Of A Collagen Based Biodegradable Polymer Initiated By Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticle For Bone Regeneration, Didarul B. Bhuiyan

All ETDs from UAB

Synthetic bone graft biomaterials are considered as a potential alternative to the conventional use of bone grafts, due to their limitless supply and lack of disease transmission. Current synthetic bone graft materials generally lack the necessary combination of biological and mechanical properties for use as a bone graft substitute. Bone is a dynamic tissue that serves biological, chemical and mechanical purpose in the body and it is unlikely that a single component synthetic biomaterial can provide the appropriate combination of mechanical integrity and biological stimulation to replace bone. Multicomponent biomaterials need chemical bonding between the components to prevent phase separation …

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Exploring First-Semester Medical Student Academic Self-Efficacy: A Mixed Methods Investigation, Deborah J. Blackstone Jan 2015

Exploring First-Semester Medical Student Academic Self-Efficacy: A Mixed Methods Investigation, Deborah J. Blackstone

All ETDs from UAB

Academic self-efficacy has been empirically demonstrated to be related to academic performance over a wide range of grade levels and academic settings, but little research exists examining this relationship in medical school. This study sought to fill this gap by investigating academic self-efficacy in first-semester medical students using a sequential mixed methods approach. In the first, quantitative strand, 81 first-semester medical students completed an academic self-efficacy survey during the first science-based course and again at the end of the semester. Academic self-efficacy for out of class academic tasks decreased over the semester; academic self-efficacy for in class academic tasks was …

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Women Manufacturing Methamphetamine: Gender In The Context Of Shake And Bake Cooking In Alabama, Jessica Rae Deitzer Jan 2015

Women Manufacturing Methamphetamine: Gender In The Context Of Shake And Bake Cooking In Alabama, Jessica Rae Deitzer

All ETDs from UAB

Researchers of women in the drug economy have been divided, with some portraying women involved in drug manufacturing, dealing, and trafficking as limited participants, and others acknowledging women’s use of agency and gender to successfully accomplish higher roles in drug economies. Additionally, some suggest that the context of the local community and drug market has a strong influence on the roles women occupy within the drug economy. In this study, I examine women’s roles within a particular style of meth cooking (shake and bake) to determine the various opportunities and constraints they face as women meth cooks. To do so, …

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The Effects Of Inter-Age Class Competition On Habitat Use In A Territorial Lizard, David Michael Delaney Jan 2015

The Effects Of Inter-Age Class Competition On Habitat Use In A Territorial Lizard, David Michael Delaney

All ETDs from UAB

All organisms have specific habitat requirements that allow them to properly function in the environment. However, optimal habitats often differ across age classes, and accordingly, juveniles shift habitat choice as they age. Field observations of the brown anole lizard (Anolis sagrei) suggest that juveniles perch in open-canopy areas on low vegetation whereas adults reside in forest edges on higher vegetation. I hypothesized that this age-specific habitat variation is because adults force juveniles to less preferred habitat. To address these issues, I conducted a series of experiments to examine the role of inter-age class competition in driving variation in perch use …

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Hiv-1 Adaptation To T-Cell Responses During Infection, Victor Yimin Du Jan 2015

Hiv-1 Adaptation To T-Cell Responses During Infection, Victor Yimin Du

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recommended vitamin D intake, and perceived barriers to adequate calcium intake

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The Adhd Medication Process Model: A Qualitative Investigation Of Teaching Pedagogies, Ideal Student Behavior, Labeling Processes, And Attitudes Towards Adhd Medication., Zachary Robert Simoni Jan 2015

The Adhd Medication Process Model: A Qualitative Investigation Of Teaching Pedagogies, Ideal Student Behavior, Labeling Processes, And Attitudes Towards Adhd Medication., Zachary Robert Simoni

All ETDs from UAB

The number of children diagnosed with and medicated for ADHD has increased within the last decades. In this study, I assert that ADHD is a serious mental health issue with a biological etiology which in many cases is alleviated by the use of medication. However, I also argue that powerful socio-cultural forces are important to understanding ADHD and medication use in the American Educational system. Physicians and psychiatrists are responsible for assigning medication as a treatment for ADHD. Nevertheless, teachers are at the front lines of the ADHD issue and handle it on a daily basis. Despite this fact, very …

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The Influence Of Personal, Interpersonal, And Community Factors On The Parenting Self-Efficacy Of First-Time Mothers, Tamika L. Smith Jan 2015

The Influence Of Personal, Interpersonal, And Community Factors On The Parenting Self-Efficacy Of First-Time Mothers, Tamika L. Smith

All ETDs from UAB

The Social Ecological Model (SEM) allows for examining human behavior and the factors that influence behavior change in totality. In addition, the model offers guidance in identifying the factors that may lead to a change in or explanation of behavior. This study utilizes SEM to identify factors at the personal, interpersonal, and community level in order to determine the relationship between specific ecological factors and parenting self-efficacy. Furthermore, the study examines the predictive quality of the ecological factors on parenting self-efficacy. Data collected from the Parenting for the First-time Project (PFT) was used. PFT is a multi-site longitudinal study of …

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Exploiting The Glioblastoma Tumor Microenvironment For Enhanced Oncolytic Herpes Simplex Virus Therapy, Tyrel Talbert Smith Jan 2015

Exploiting The Glioblastoma Tumor Microenvironment For Enhanced Oncolytic Herpes Simplex Virus Therapy, Tyrel Talbert Smith

All ETDs from UAB

Gliomas are the most common and fatal malignancy of the adult central nervous system. The need for new therapeutic options is clear, as standard of care therapies only extend median survival 12-14 months beyond diagnosis. Conditionally replication-competent oncolytic herpes simplex type-1 viruses (oHSV) have emerged as promising therapeutics for treating malignant gliomas. However, two factors that contribute to the dismal prognosis of malignant gliomas, immunosuppression and invasive growth, are also thought to limit virotherapeutic efficacy. We examined these factors in tumor microenvironments to explore novel strategies to treat malignant gliomas with oHSV for improved therapeutic response. In a Phase 1b …

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Retention Of Cad/Cam Crowns Luted With Resin Cements And Rmgi, Shruti Sushilkumar Sonavane Jan 2015

Retention Of Cad/Cam Crowns Luted With Resin Cements And Rmgi, Shruti Sushilkumar Sonavane

All ETDs from UAB

Objectives: To measure retention of lithium disilicate (IPS e.max CAD, Ivoclar Viva-dent) and zirconia reinforced lithium disilicate (CELTRATM DUO, Dentsply) copings luted using resin cements and resin-modified glass ionomer cement. Methods: 110 Extracted human, non-carious mandibular 2nd premolars (n=10) were embedded in PVC cylinders with acrylic resin and placed into a lathe to produce a uni-form crown preparation (22°-convergence & 3mm-height). Following the orientation groove placement (69L bur), preparations were scanned and milled using a CEREC 3D/Sirona machine to produce e.max and CELTRATM DUO crowns. Preparations were imaged with a digital microscope (Keyence/VHX-600-20X) and the surface area of each crown …

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The Role Of Ribosome Biogenesis In Exercise-Induced Skeletal Muscle Anabolism In Aging, Michael Stec Jan 2015

The Role Of Ribosome Biogenesis In Exercise-Induced Skeletal Muscle Anabolism In Aging, Michael Stec

All ETDs from UAB

Numerous chronic medical conditions, as well as normal aging result in a significant loss of skeletal muscle mass. This has profound effects on quality of life and can increase the risk of all-cause mortality. Currently, the most potent treatment for reversing the loss of muscle mass is resistance exercise training (RT); however, the human muscle fiber growth (hypertrophy) response to this treatment is quite variable, and older adults do not respond as favorably to this treatment as younger adults. The focus of this dissertation is to elucidate the role that ribosome biogenesis plays in regulating the RT-induced hypertrophic response. We …

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The Role Of Mammalian Tribbles Homolog 3 (Trb3) In Macrophage Biology; Evidence For Reciprocal Regulation Of Macrophage Function In Foam Cell Formation, Dennis Steverson Jan 2015

The Role Of Mammalian Tribbles Homolog 3 (Trb3) In Macrophage Biology; Evidence For Reciprocal Regulation Of Macrophage Function In Foam Cell Formation, Dennis Steverson

All ETDs from UAB

Atherosclerosis is disease characterized by dysregulated lipid metabolism and chronic inflammation. Macrophages are critical to the progression of the disease and are involved in the pathophysiology at all stages of the disease. In the early stages, macrophages are responsible for fatty streak formation by becoming foam cells through lipid uptake. In the later stages, macrophages contribute to the degradation of the fibrous cap and are largely responsible for chronic inflammation in atherosclerotic plaques. Tribbles homolog 3 (TRB3) is a pseudokinase that inhibits Akt activation by blocking its phosphorylation site. TRB3 is expressed on numerous cell types in the body (pancreatic …

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Closing The University/School Divide: A Grounded Theory Approach To Preparation Of Early Childhood/Elementary Education Teacher Candidates, Jennifer L. Summerlin Jan 2015

Closing The University/School Divide: A Grounded Theory Approach To Preparation Of Early Childhood/Elementary Education Teacher Candidates, Jennifer L. Summerlin

All ETDs from UAB

The purpose of this grounded theory study was to explore the most significant experiences in preparation for becoming early childhood/elementary educators, as perceived by teacher candidates and recent graduates of one southeastern university, school of education. This research study, conducted from a constructivist theoretical lens, and using a grounded theory methodology, sought to answer three research questions. First, what are the significant experiences, as perceived by recent graduates, from one southeastern school of education, in preparation for the multifaceted role of today's early childhood/elementary generalist? Secondly, what are the most significant experiences, as perceived by current teacher candidates involved in …

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Deleterious Effects Of Hyperglycemia On Cognitive Functioning In The Cardia Study Cohort, Michele Holland Talley Jan 2015

Deleterious Effects Of Hyperglycemia On Cognitive Functioning In The Cardia Study Cohort, Michele Holland Talley

All ETDs from UAB

DELETERIOUS EFFECTS OF HYPERGLYCEMIA ON COGNITIVE FUNCTIONING IN THE CARDIA STUDY COHORT MICHELE LYN HOLLAND TALLEY SCHOOL OF NURSING ABSTRACT With an aging society, maintaining cognitive functioning into older age is becoming more important. Because of the impact cognitive functioning has on daily activities, any disruption may inhibit the ability to perform such daily activities successfully. To prevent disruptions, determinants of cognitive functioning must be considered. Such determinants may or may not be modifiable. Some predictors may be demographic, metabolic, or inflammatory in nature. In addition, predictors or determinants may differ based on genetic predisposition to Alzheimer’s disease. As part …

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Just Past The Trestle, Gentry Chance Turner Jan 2015

Just Past The Trestle, Gentry Chance Turner

All ETDs from UAB

JUST PAST THE TRESTLE GENTRY CHANCE TURNER MASTER OF ARTS ENGLISH ABSTRACT The fall of the Old South is the backdrop for this chronicle of one family's descent and resurrection throughout the violent upheaval of the twenty-first century. Several generations of Turner men are examined in this tale of power, hatred and the collateral damage of arrested development. The following chapters give a truncated vision of a lifetime of competing forces and the pain of escaping from "loved" ones.

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Difference In Recommended-To-Actual Nurse Staffing And Patient Falls, Shawn Ulreich Jan 2015

Difference In Recommended-To-Actual Nurse Staffing And Patient Falls, Shawn Ulreich

All ETDs from UAB

Patient falls are a serious safety concern in hospitals. Injuries from falls can be devastating to patients and are now subject to reimbursement penalties from the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Patient falls have been identified by the American Nurses Association as a nursing sensitive indictor suggesting that improvements in the quality or quantity of nurses may impact this outcome. Moreover, the literature suggests that nurse staffing levels have an impact on various patient outcomes such as patient falls. Therefore, identifying appropriate nurse staffing levels to minimize patient falls is critically important to hospitals. A variety of staffing metrics …

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Characterization Of The Gtpase Rac1 As An Electrophilic-Sensitive Protein In Vascular Cells, Stephanie Brook Wall Jan 2015

Characterization Of The Gtpase Rac1 As An Electrophilic-Sensitive Protein In Vascular Cells, Stephanie Brook Wall

All ETDs from UAB

The GTPase Rac1 is a protein which has been shown to be dysregulated in the context of a number of inflammatory diseases including atherosclerosis. Rac1 responds to extracellular signals and is involved in cellular cytoskeletal rearrangement, reactive oxygen species generation and cell cycle progression. When activated Rac1 interacts with effector proteins on the plasma membrane. This activation has recently been shown to be modulated by redox signaling via an active site cysteine. However, it is not known whether other redox signaling compounds can modulate Rac1 activity. An important redox signaling mediator is the electrophilic lipid, 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2 (15dPGJ2). This lipid …

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Decoding Nf1 Intragenic Copy-Number Changes, Meng-Chang Hsiao Jan 2015

Decoding Nf1 Intragenic Copy-Number Changes, Meng-Chang Hsiao

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Genomic rearrangements may cause both Mendelian and complex disorders. Currently, several major mechanisms causing genomic rearrangements have been proposed such as non-allelic homologous recombination (NAHR), non-homologous end joining (NHEJ), fork stalling and template switching (FoSTeS) and microhomology-mediated break-induced replication (MMBIR). However, to what extent these mechanisms contribute to gene-specific pathogenic copy-number changes (CNCs) remains understudied. Furthermore, only few studies resolved these pathogenic alterations at the nucleotide-level. Accordingly, our aim was to explore which mechanisms contribute to a large, unique set of locus-specific non-recurrent genomic rearrangements causing the genetic neurocutaneous disorder neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). Through breakpoint-spanning PCR as well as …

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A Bio-Inspired Hybrid Nanosack For Pancreatic Islet Transplantation In The Omentum, Patrick Tj Hwang Jan 2015

A Bio-Inspired Hybrid Nanosack For Pancreatic Islet Transplantation In The Omentum, Patrick Tj Hwang

All ETDs from UAB

Pancreatic islet transplantation (PIT) has demonstrated consistent and sustained reversal of type 1 diabetes, generating optimism for its wider application as a potential cure for type 1 diabetes. However, the clinical efficacy is still lacking because of a substantial loss of islets during or shortly after transplant to the implantation site. The liver has been widely used as an implantation site for PIT, but it has serious risks for islet loss, such as massive islet destruction by instant blood-mediated inflammatory reaction, progressive attrition of islet cells due to exposure to the toxic environment. The omentum has gained significant attention as …

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A Comprehensive Assessment Of Possible Links Between Digital Advertising Billboards And Traffic Safety, Md Mozahidul Islam Jan 2015

A Comprehensive Assessment Of Possible Links Between Digital Advertising Billboards And Traffic Safety, Md Mozahidul Islam

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Advertising billboards are a common roadside object and a very efficient medium of outside advertising. For years, static billboards have been adopted by the billboard advertising companies. Most recently, a sizeable portion of the regular (static) billboards have been digitized to convey more information to the drivers, thus raising questions about their potential impact on traffic safety. Frequently changing images on digital advertising billboards may compel more glances, and sequential messages may hold drivers' gazes longer until the entire message is read. Earlier studies sponsored by billboard advertising companies did not report statistically significant correlations between the crash occurrences and …

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Mechanisms Of Heme Oxygenase-1-Mediated Protection Against Tissue Injury, Travis David Hull Jan 2015

Mechanisms Of Heme Oxygenase-1-Mediated Protection Against Tissue Injury, Travis David Hull

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Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the catabolism of heme, which is released by necrotic cells in injured tissue. HO-1 expression is protective in cardiac and renal injury because it coordinates the degradation of pro-oxidant heme with the generation of equimolar quantities of iron (Fe2+) and the cytoprotective mole-cules carbon monoxide and biliverdin. While many studies have demonstrated that HO-1 expression is protective in numerous disease states, relatively few have examined the specific cellular compartment(s) through which HO-1 expression confers its protective effects. Our objective was to define the cellular compartments in which HO-1 expression is critical to …

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Mechanisms Of Resistance To Oncolytic Herpes Simplex Viruses In Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors, Joshua Douglas Jackson Jan 2015

Mechanisms Of Resistance To Oncolytic Herpes Simplex Viruses In Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors, Joshua Douglas Jackson

All ETDs from UAB

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) are rare but highly aggressive cancer of the peripheral nervous tissue. Median patient survival is approximately two years following diagnosis due in part to the ineffective options for treatment. As an alternative therapeutic approach to conventional radio- and chemotherapy, oncolytic herpes simplex viruses type-1 (oHSVs) have been proposed to treat MPNSTs. These oHSVs have been shown safe in clinical trials with associated tumor regression. However, there is evidence that resistance to the therapy should be anticipated in a subset of patients. Therefore, the goal of this dissertation has been to identify the primary obstacles …

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Zebrafish Wnt9b Patterns The First Pharyngeal Arch Into D-I-V Domains And Promotes Anterior-Medial Outgrowth, Henry Jackson Jan 2015

Zebrafish Wnt9b Patterns The First Pharyngeal Arch Into D-I-V Domains And Promotes Anterior-Medial Outgrowth, Henry Jackson

All ETDs from UAB

The secondary mouth and its associated face and jaws were an important evolutionary adaptation in the vertebrate lineage. The secondary mouth is formed from facial prominences including the fronto-nasal prominence and the 1st pharyngeal-arch derived maxillary and mandibular prominence. Cranial neural crest cells within these prominences give rise to the connective tissues of face and jaws, and strict spatio-temporal regulation of cranial neural crest cell fate patterning and subsequent prominence outgrowth is vital to normal facial development. Oral-facial clefting (OFC) is a common morbid human birth disorder characterized by disrupted oral and craniofacial morphogenesis. Our previous studies demonstrate that a …

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Hospital Community Orientation: Predictors And Performance Outcomes, J'Aime Jennings Jan 2015

Hospital Community Orientation: Predictors And Performance Outcomes, J'Aime Jennings

All ETDs from UAB

The three publishable manuscripts contained within this dissertation examine the predictors and performance outcomes of hospital community orientation. Community orientation is the customization of hospital services to meet identified community health needs. Together, these papers fill gaps in the literature regarding the factors that assist or hinder hospitals from being community-oriented, as well as the effects of community orientation. The first paper uses longitudinal data to examine the organizational and environmental factors that may influence how engaged hospitals are in a community orientation strategy based on the number of activities performed. The remaining papers consider the performance outcomes of community …

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