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2015

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The Achievement Gap: A Dual Nation Perspective, Myka Chavez Dec 2015

The Achievement Gap: A Dual Nation Perspective, Myka Chavez

Honors Projects

This essay seeks to explore the achievement gap, which is a disparity in educational achievement between certain economic and racial groups, by taking a unique approach and bringing a fresh perspective. Specifically, this research focuses on how this gap is manifested in two countries: the U.S. and England. This dual nation perspective opens the door for more information and a better understanding of the gap as a whole. Analysis will be done regarding the various issues surrounding the gap in each country such as its causes, effects, and past/present solutions. Based on how these issues occur in each country and …

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Defining The Effects Of Gdf-2 On TgfB Signaling In Tumorigenic Epithelial Cells, Tirthankar Bandyopadhyay Dec 2015

Defining The Effects Of Gdf-2 On TgfB Signaling In Tumorigenic Epithelial Cells, Tirthankar Bandyopadhyay

Theses and Dissertations

Cancer cells can be viewed as such cells, which have disrupted/aberrant signaling pathways for maintaining cellular homoeostasis. Identifying such altered signaling mechanisms can help us target these pathways in a better way. GDF-2 (Growth and differentiation factor – 2) or BMP9 (Bone morphogenetic protein – 9), a multifunctional cytokine, is a member of the Bone Morphogenetic Protein subfamily, under TGFβ superfamily, with roles distinct from BMP2/4/7. While GDF-2 is known to be one of the most potent ectopic inducers of bone and cartilage formation, it rose to significance with the identification of its receptor ALK1 in endothelial cells. TGFβ’s role …

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Identity, Critical Agency, And Engineering Majors: An Affective Model For Predicting Engineering As A Career Choice., Allison Godwin, Geoff Potvin, Zahra Hazari, Robynne Lock Dec 2015

Identity, Critical Agency, And Engineering Majors: An Affective Model For Predicting Engineering As A Career Choice., Allison Godwin, Geoff Potvin, Zahra Hazari, Robynne Lock

School of Engineering Education Faculty Publications

Prior to college, many students do not have experience with engineering, but some ultimately choose an engineering career. Additionally, women choose engineering at lower rates than men, which results in women’s underrepresentation. The framework of critical engineering agency (CEA) is utilized to understand student attitudes and beliefs for choosing engineering. We investigate the relationships among students’ math and physics identities in high school that predict choice of engineering careers; how students’ beliefs about science and technology predict a choice of engineering careers; whether these beliefs are different by gender; and how well CEA explains students’ engineering choice. The data were …

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Ensuring Insurance: Adequate And Appropriate Coverage For Brady Claims In Illinois, Joe Delich Dec 2015

Ensuring Insurance: Adequate And Appropriate Coverage For Brady Claims In Illinois, Joe Delich

Northwestern University Law Review

The increase in wrongful conviction litigation has engendered a number of new doctrinal problems. This Note examines the existing rules governing insurance coverage for wrongful-conviction-related torts, in particular, due process claims for Brady violations. It then explores the rationale for the continuous trigger doctrine in the asbestos context, and argues that wrongful conviction claims call for a similar approach due to comparable latency concerns. There is a particular focus on Illinois law due to the state’s prevalence of wrongful conviction litigation and recent shifts in the law governing insurance triggers for malicious prosecution.

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The Visual Priming Of Motion-Defined 3d Objects, Xiong Jiang, Yang Jiang, Raja Parasuraman Dec 2015

The Visual Priming Of Motion-Defined 3d Objects, Xiong Jiang, Yang Jiang, Raja Parasuraman

Behavioral Science Faculty Publications

The perception of a stimulus can be influenced by previous perceptual experience, a phenomenon known as perceptual priming. However, there has been limited investigation on perceptual priming of shape perception of three-dimensional object structures defined by moving dots. Here we examined the perceptual priming of a 3D object shape defined purely by motion-in-depth cues (i.e., Shape-From-Motion, SFM) using a classic prime-target paradigm. The results from the first two experiments revealed a significant increase in accuracy when a "cloudy" SFM stimulus (whose object structure was difficult to recognize due to the presence of strong noise) was preceded by an unambiguous SFM …

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Effects Of Cell Adhesion Peptides, Ph, And Matrix Shape On Maintenance Of Breast Cancer Stem Cells In An Engineered Hydrogel Matrix, Leily Daneshian Dec 2015

Effects Of Cell Adhesion Peptides, Ph, And Matrix Shape On Maintenance Of Breast Cancer Stem Cells In An Engineered Hydrogel Matrix, Leily Daneshian

Theses and Dissertations

Metastasis, resistance to chemo- and radiotherapy, and eventual relapse has been attributed to a tumor subpopulation known as cancer stem cells (CSCs). CSCs are regulated in their tumor microenvironment by various factors. Synthetic hydrogels can be used to investigate the effects of individual environmental factors on CSCs by providing inert 3D matrices. In this thesis, poly ethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) hydrogel with 5kpa modulus has been used as a culture system to study the effect of; I) integrin and heparin binding peptides, 2) pH, and 3) the shape of the microenvironment on breast CSCs maintenance and tumorsphere formation in PEGDA. …

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Effects Of Repeated Quetiapine Treatment On Conditioned Avoidance Responding In Rats, Jun Gao, Min Feng, Natashia Swalve, Collin Davis, Nan Sui, Ming Li Dec 2015

Effects Of Repeated Quetiapine Treatment On Conditioned Avoidance Responding In Rats, Jun Gao, Min Feng, Natashia Swalve, Collin Davis, Nan Sui, Ming Li

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

The present study characterized the behavioral mechanisms of avoidance–disruptive effect of quetiapine in the conditioned avoidance response test under two behavioral testing (2 warning signals vs. 1 warning signal) and two drug administration conditions (subcutaneous vs. intravenous). In Experiments 1 and 2, well-trained adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were tested under the subcutaneous (s.c.) quetiapine treatment (5.0, 15.0, 25.0, 50.0 mg/kg) for 7 days in a novel procedure consisting of two conditioned stimuli (CS) (white noise serving as CS1 and pure tone as CS2). Only the highest dose (50.0 mg/kg) produced a persistent suppression of the avoidance response without impairing the …

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Non-Traditional Route Sharpened Focus For Business Major, Franceska Balle Dec 2015

Non-Traditional Route Sharpened Focus For Business Major, Franceska Balle

UNH Today Archive

No abstract provided.

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The Hidden Epidemic: Mental Health Epidemiology In Post-Conflict Populations And Implications For Conflict Transformation Practices, Jennifer Sato Dec 2015

The Hidden Epidemic: Mental Health Epidemiology In Post-Conflict Populations And Implications For Conflict Transformation Practices, Jennifer Sato

Capstone Collection

This capstone explores the ramifications of unmitigated mental health illness in conflict populations, paying special attention to refugees and migrants. The intersection between conflict and mental health is explored and analyzed in order to highlight the implications of the findings and to make recommendations to both metal health and conflict transformation practitioners. This capstone depends predominately on secondary resources and personal interviews and is informed by my own practicum experience at a refugee health center. The need to improve mental health outcomes in order to pursue conflict transformation and peace building is a key focus and is supported by the …

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Identifying Gene-Gene Interactions That Are Highly Associated With Body Mass Index Using Quantitative Multifactor Dimensionality Reduction (Qmdr), Rishika De, Shefali S. Verma, Fotios Drenos, Emily R. Holzinger Dec 2015

Identifying Gene-Gene Interactions That Are Highly Associated With Body Mass Index Using Quantitative Multifactor Dimensionality Reduction (Qmdr), Rishika De, Shefali S. Verma, Fotios Drenos, Emily R. Holzinger

Dartmouth Scholarship

Despite heritability estimates of 40–70% for obesity, less than 2% of its variation is explained by Body Mass Index (BMI) associated loci that have been identified so far. Epistasis, or gene-gene interactions are a plausible source to explain portions of the missing heritability of BMI. Using genotypic data from 18,686 individuals across five study cohorts – ARIC, CARDIA, FHS, CHS, MESA – we filtered SNPs (Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms) using two parallel approaches. SNPs were filtered either on the strength of their main effects of association with BMI, or on the number of knowledge sources supporting a specific SNP-SNP interaction in …

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Single Cell Resolution Mapping Of Mrna And Protein Expression Dynamics During Human Somatic Cell Reprogramming To Pluripotency, Frederick W. Kolling Iv Dec 2015

Single Cell Resolution Mapping Of Mrna And Protein Expression Dynamics During Human Somatic Cell Reprogramming To Pluripotency, Frederick W. Kolling Iv

Doctoral Dissertations

In recent years, the fields of regenerative medicine and developmental biology have been revolutionized by the ability to reprogram adult somatic cells back to a pluripotent state, producing induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) through the induction of the reprogramming factors OCT4, SOX2, KLF4 and c-MYC (OSKM). The promise of this technique has been somewhat limited by the low efficiency and long duration of the process which produces heterogeneous mixtures of cells in culture, many of which fail to fully reprogram over a 3-4 week period. Research in recent years has focused on the underlying mechanisms of reprogramming and identifying rate-limiting …

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How Can The 5-E Learning Cycle Model Of Instruction Be Used To Develop A Differentiated Science Unit On Evolution Based On Six Minnesota Evolution Standards?, Monica Christine Digre Dec 2015

How Can The 5-E Learning Cycle Model Of Instruction Be Used To Develop A Differentiated Science Unit On Evolution Based On Six Minnesota Evolution Standards?, Monica Christine Digre

School of Education and Leadership Student Capstone Theses and Dissertations

The research question addressed in this capstone was, how can the 5-E Learning Cycle Model of Instruction be used to develop a differentiated science unit on evolution based on six Minnesota evolution standards? The capstone documents a middle school life science teacher’s experience developing a curriculum for teaching evolution in a nontraditional way. The author explores the difficulties in teaching evolution with a traditional approach by researching experts in the field of both Evolutionary Biology and secondary science instruction. Through the use of the 5-E Learning Cycle Model of Instruction, the author develops an inquiry-based and hands-on curriculum to teach …

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Physical Activity And Breast Cancer In South Carolina, Chisom Onyeuku Dec 2015

Physical Activity And Breast Cancer In South Carolina, Chisom Onyeuku

Theses and Dissertations

This study examined the relationship between breast cancer incidence and recreational physical activity. It was one of the first studies in the southeastern US to examine incident breast cancer and physical activity in an ethnically diverse cohort of women. In terms of physical activity, both lifetime and recent physical activity were analyzed. All physical activity data were from validated self-reported surveys. The study examined BMI, menopausal status and race as key confounders and effect modifiers. The study found evidence that for Black women, there was a positive relationship between the amount of lifetime physical activity and the odds of incident …

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Optimization Of Shell Growth And Influence Of Surface Ligands For Colloidal Cdse/Cds Core/Shell Quantum Dots, Rui Tan Dec 2015

Optimization Of Shell Growth And Influence Of Surface Ligands For Colloidal Cdse/Cds Core/Shell Quantum Dots, Rui Tan

Theses and Dissertations

Progress in the colloidal synthesis of semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) has triggered a burst of research toward applications in QD based light emitting diodes, biological imaging as fluorescent tags, and advanced solar cell designs. In order to adjust and optimize the photo physical properties of QDs, QD heterostructures have been introduced and widely explored. This dissertation is focused on studies of growth of semiconductor colloidal CdSe/CdS core/shell quantum dots and the influences of neutral surface ligands to their photo-physical properties. Chapter 1 provides an introduction of the concept of semiconductor colloidal nanoparticles, core/shell heterostructures and the synthesis methods as well …

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Post-Fall Decision Making Among Older Women Living In Continuing Care Retirement Communities: A Mixed Methods Study, Caroline D. Bergeron Dec 2015

Post-Fall Decision Making Among Older Women Living In Continuing Care Retirement Communities: A Mixed Methods Study, Caroline D. Bergeron

Theses and Dissertations

Introduction: One in every three adults over the age of 65 experiences a fall every year, with women experiencing more falls than men. Falls can affect how older women perceive themselves and their independence. The purpose of this study was to examine older women's health decision making after experiencing a fall. Methods: I conducted semi-structured interviews with 17 older women living independently in continuing care retirement communities (CCRCs) who had experienced a fall within the previous six months and 11 individuals the women identified as being involved in their post-fall decision making. I also conducted an exploratory survey on post-fall …

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Regulation Of Stress Response And Innate Immunity By DsRna-Binding Proteins Pact And Trbp, Lauren S. Vaughn Dec 2015

Regulation Of Stress Response And Innate Immunity By DsRna-Binding Proteins Pact And Trbp, Lauren S. Vaughn

Theses and Dissertations

An integral aspect of innate immune response to viral infections is the ability to detect non-self molecules to initiate antiviral signaling via pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). One subset of these receptors are cytoplasmic receptors that contain double stranded (dsRNA) binding domains, which allow them to identify non-self dsRNA produced during a viral infection and mount a protective cellular response. PKR is a dsRNA-activated eIF2α kinase that is a key regulator of cellular antiviral and stress response pathways. Activation of PKR’s catalytic activity requires binding to one of its activators, viral dsRNAs or the cellular protein PACT (PKR activator). Although PACT …

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Approaching Aromatic Interactions With Small Molecule Model Systems: Assessing N-Heteroarene In ∏ -Stacking And Ch-∏ Interactions, Crystal Engineering Of Atropisomeric Rotors, And Developing Responsive Organic Charge-Transfer Complex, Ping Li Dec 2015

Approaching Aromatic Interactions With Small Molecule Model Systems: Assessing N-Heteroarene In ∏ -Stacking And Ch-∏ Interactions, Crystal Engineering Of Atropisomeric Rotors, And Developing Responsive Organic Charge-Transfer Complex, Ping Li

Theses and Dissertations

Non-covalent interactions involving aromatic species are important in many areas in chemistry, biochemistry, and materials sciences. During the past two decades, small molecule model systems have emerged as a powerful tool to advance our knowledge of the stability trends for aromatic interactions in the condensed phase. Among these, the Cshape N-arylimide molecular balances developed by our laboratory have proven to be one most successful and versatile model systems that can be readily adapted to investigate various types of aromatic interactions. These molecular balances are particularly apt at isolating and accurately measuring the targeted weak aromatic interaction energies for different geometries. …

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Optimized Spectral Processing Of Infrared Diffuse Reflection Spectra For The Detection Of Blood On Fabric, Stephanie Ann Dejong Dec 2015

Optimized Spectral Processing Of Infrared Diffuse Reflection Spectra For The Detection Of Blood On Fabric, Stephanie Ann Dejong

Theses and Dissertations

The detection of bodily fluids such as blood on interfering backgrounds is important to the forensic community. Luminol, which participates in a chemiluminescent reaction with the heme groups of blood, is one of the most commonly used presumptive tests. Luminol has a few drawbacks, including the requirement of use in a dark environment and potential to degrade the amount of recoverable DNA in blood stains. A potential complementary method is infrared (IR) spectroscopy. These two methods are compared in this work. Infrared diffuse reflection (DR) spectroscopy works well to measure the IR spectrum of samples that are highly absorbing or …

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General Strain Theory And Bullying Victimization: Do Parental Support And Control Alleviate The Negative Effects Of Bullying, Jonathon Thompson Dec 2015

General Strain Theory And Bullying Victimization: Do Parental Support And Control Alleviate The Negative Effects Of Bullying, Jonathon Thompson

Theses and Dissertations

With growing reports of bullying victimization ranging from 8 percent to 46 percent in many countries, bullying victimization has been declared an international problem often affecting youth in or near one’s school with poor parental supervision. While there has been a growing body of research concerning bullying victimization, few studies have examined the collateral consequences of bullying victimization and the mediating role of family processes through the theoretical lens of general strain theory. This thesis attempts to shed light on such a complex social phenomena and contribute to the bullying and stress literature. This study posits that bullying victimization is …

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A Phenomenological Study Of The Experiences Of Parents Of A Child Or Children Diagnosed With Deafness, David Patrick Leach Dec 2015

A Phenomenological Study Of The Experiences Of Parents Of A Child Or Children Diagnosed With Deafness, David Patrick Leach

Theses and Dissertations

This qualitative study examined the lived experiences of twelve parents who have a child or children diagnosed with deafness, and the meaning these parents have made of their experiences. The researcher conducted individual, semi-structured interviews and analyzed the data in accordance with the practices of phenomenological research. Thirty-seven themes were identified in the interview data, which were discussed in terms of their implications for efficacious clinical services to this population, as well as for the field of counselor education.

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Bio-Inspired Design Of Mechanical Band Pass Sensor With The Ability To Scavenge Energy, Md Riaz Uddin Ahmed Dec 2015

Bio-Inspired Design Of Mechanical Band Pass Sensor With The Ability To Scavenge Energy, Md Riaz Uddin Ahmed

Theses and Dissertations

Primary objective of this work is to introduce the multi-scale computational model for the bio-inspired acousto-ultrasonic band pass sensor that are capable of mechanically sense and/or filter wide range user defined frequencies. Selecting a particular and/or a distinct band of frequencies is essential for many applications in science engineering and technologies. For example design of sensors in chemical, biomedical and biological applications; device application for acoustic modulation by breaking the acoustic reciprocity and the sensors used in precision manufacturing applications requires sensing and/or filtering of wide range of acousto-ultrasonic frequencies. Presently, electronic devices are widely employed in commercial applications for …

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Community-Level Factors Associated With Health-Related Quality Of Life Among Older Adults, Yu-Hsiu Lin Dec 2015

Community-Level Factors Associated With Health-Related Quality Of Life Among Older Adults, Yu-Hsiu Lin

Theses and Dissertations

Objective: Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and well-being is a new topic area for Healthy People 2020 in the U.S. In a broad-based literature review, more research explored individual level factors of HRQOL, and few focused on older adults. Multilevel analysis was seldom adopted to investigate the relationship between area-level socioeconomic or social environment factors and HRQOL. In lieu of the traditional Chapter 4 (Results) and Chapter 5 (Conclusion), two manuscripts representing the two specific research aims are included. The main aim of first manuscript was to explore the association between area deprivation, area health resources and older adults’ HRQOL. …

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A Survey Of The Kinetic Monte Carlo Algorithm As Applied To A Multicellular System, Michael Richard Laughlin Dec 2015

A Survey Of The Kinetic Monte Carlo Algorithm As Applied To A Multicellular System, Michael Richard Laughlin

Theses and Dissertations

We explore the origins and implementation of the Kinetic Monte Carlo method on a system of cells suspended in a liquid media. The situation presented herein has applications in the emerging field of biofabrication, which may have lasting impacts in medical science. The theory behind the method is explained in detail, starting with its emergence in the 1960s, and two major improvements to the scaling of the method are presented, along with a restriction to a special case. Finally, we give the results of several simulations.

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Forgotten Science Of Bird Eggs: The Life Cycle Of Oology At The Smithsonian Institution, Katherine Nicole Crosby Dec 2015

Forgotten Science Of Bird Eggs: The Life Cycle Of Oology At The Smithsonian Institution, Katherine Nicole Crosby

Theses and Dissertations

This thesis analyzes the influence the Smithsonian Institution had over the development of oology as a science from the mid-19th to the early 20th century. The Smithsonian promoted oology, or the study of bird eggs, through publications and collections of eggs in the mid-19th century, and the science enjoyed a brief period of proliferation and approval. In the end, however, the popularity of egg collecting as a hobby, in-fighting between oologists and ornithologists over the validity of oology as a science, and bird conservation groups opposed to collecting eggs, all conspired to halt oology’s professionalization, and ultimately led to the …

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Thinking Pink? Consumer Reactions To Pink Ribbons And Vague Messages In Advertising, Kim Bartel Sheehan, Kati Tusinski Berg Dec 2015

Thinking Pink? Consumer Reactions To Pink Ribbons And Vague Messages In Advertising, Kim Bartel Sheehan, Kati Tusinski Berg

College of Communication Faculty Research and Publications

Many brands partner with causes in their advertising campaigns. Consumers appreciate that the brands they purchase participate in activities that contribute to a society’s well-being. This study uses copy-testing techniques to evaluate the number and types of thoughts and brand attitudes in the presence and absence of cause-related messages. Individuals saw an ad for one of two products. None of the ads stated the brand’s financial support to the cause, which is representative of many messages today. People viewing the Dansko ads with the pink ribbon generated significantly fewer thoughts than those viewing the ad without the pink ribbon. For …

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Establishing The Microcrustacean Daphnia As A Model System For Research On Aging, Charles Andrew Shumpert Dec 2015

Establishing The Microcrustacean Daphnia As A Model System For Research On Aging, Charles Andrew Shumpert

Theses and Dissertations

Aging is a ubiquitous process pertaining to all biological systems around the planet. Although much has been learned from studies so far on the molecular mechanisms that lead to aging, a complete understanding of a healthy life span and longevity still eludes us. In this dissertation, we will examine the use of a freshwater microcrustacean Daphnia as a model system for studies on the biology of aging. The Introduction chapter presents a review of the general molecular alterations associated with cellular and organismal aging, and discusses the core model organisms currently used to study the aging process. The introduction chapter …

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The Effects Of Elevated Circulating Levels Of Lipocalin 2 On Liver Metastasis Of Colorectal Cancer, John Gerard Bonapart Dec 2015

The Effects Of Elevated Circulating Levels Of Lipocalin 2 On Liver Metastasis Of Colorectal Cancer, John Gerard Bonapart

Theses and Dissertations

In the United States, colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most diagnosed cancer and the second leading cause of cancer deaths. In 2015, approximately 143,000 new cases will be diagnosed and 50,000 deaths are predicted. Liver metastasis is the major cause of death. To understand the molecular and cellular mechanisms of liver metastasis, we used an orthotopic mouse model of CRC liver metastasis that recapitulated all stages of tumor growth and metastasis to perform whole genome microarray analysis to identify genetic changes in the liver microenvironment in response to primary tumor growth in the cecum. We identified lipocalin 2 (Lcn2) …

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Vulnerable Species In A Changing Climate: The Genomic Response Of Antarctic Notothenioid Fishes To Predicted Oceanic Conditions As A Model Of Physiological Plasticity And Adaptive Capability, Troy James Huth Dec 2015

Vulnerable Species In A Changing Climate: The Genomic Response Of Antarctic Notothenioid Fishes To Predicted Oceanic Conditions As A Model Of Physiological Plasticity And Adaptive Capability, Troy James Huth

Theses and Dissertations

In its fifth report in 2014 the IPCC reinforced the contribution of anthropogenic CO2 to global climate change predicting widespread and significant changes to the global climate over a relatively short time scale. The polar regions, including the Southern Ocean surrounding Antarctica, were identified as ecosystems that may experience the most rapid and severe changes. As the Southern Ocean is one of the coldest and most oceanographically stable regions on earth, the endemic fauna likely have no alternative habitats available for migration. Further compounding the challenge these species will face is the substantial degree of adaptation to the extreme cold …

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Experiences Of Lgbtq Students At A Primarily White Institution In The South, Leia Kristin Cain Dec 2015

Experiences Of Lgbtq Students At A Primarily White Institution In The South, Leia Kristin Cain

Theses and Dissertations

In the United States, often Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer, and/or Questioning (LGBTQ) students are targets of verbal harassment and violence due to their sexual orientation or gender identity and gender expression. Further, 31 states do not offer protection against sexuality- or gender identity-based discrimination (ACLU, 2015). Schools are particularly vexing places, where L, G, B, T, and/or Q-identified students face difficulties due to the privileging of heterosexual students and heternormativity. In universities across the nation, suicide rates continue to climb for LGBTQ populations due to heterosexist policies, procedures, and practices, which lead to negative campus climates (Gortmaker & Brown, …

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Viruses And Metals In Ocean Food Webs: Top-Down And Bottom-Up Effects Of Marine Viruses And Trace Elements On Marine Picophytoplankton, Brady Robert Cunningham Dec 2015

Viruses And Metals In Ocean Food Webs: Top-Down And Bottom-Up Effects Of Marine Viruses And Trace Elements On Marine Picophytoplankton, Brady Robert Cunningham

Theses and Dissertations

Viruses are the most numerous biological entities in the ocean, playing a key role in microbial ecology and biogeochemical cycling. In order to replicate, viruses must first infect a host and then use the host’s cellular machinery to produce new viral particles. Some of the most abundant viral hosts in the subtropical open ocean are picophytoplankton. However, picophytoplankton growth is typically constrained by nutrient availability. In many regions of the ocean, iron (Fe) is only available in very low concentrations causing growth-limitation of picophytoplankton. Interestingly, the interactions between Fe-limitation and viral infection of picophytoplankton have not been extensively studied. This …

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