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2015

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Hemispheric Specialization For Emotion Within First And Second Languages : Emotion Word Processing In Monolingual And Bilingual Speakers, Jennifer Mary Martin Jan 2015

Hemispheric Specialization For Emotion Within First And Second Languages : Emotion Word Processing In Monolingual And Bilingual Speakers, Jennifer Mary Martin

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Emotion representation in monolingual speakers is complex, and for bilinguals the relationship between emotion and language can be even more intriguing. The present study examined reactions to words of six types, including positive, negative, and neutral words varying in concreteness. Words and nonwords were intermixed in a lexical decision task using hemifield presentation. In Experiment 1, participants were English monolinguals and all stimuli were presented in English. In Experiment 2, participants were Spanish-English bilinguals who were presented with both English and Spanish stimuli. Results revealed a general left hemisphere advantage. Overall, reaction times for positive words were faster than for …

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Coherent Scattering Imaging Monte Carlo Simulation, Laila Hassan Jan 2015

Coherent Scattering Imaging Monte Carlo Simulation, Laila Hassan

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Conventional mammography has poor contrast between healthy and cancerous tissues due to the small difference in attenuation properties. Coherent scatter potentially provides more information because interference of coherently scattered radiation depends on the average intermolecular spacing, and can be used to characterize tissue types. However, typical coherent scatter analysis techniques are not compatible with rapid low dose screening techniques. Coherent scatter slot scan imaging is a novel imaging technique which provides new information with higher contrast. In this work a simulation of coherent scatter was performed for slot scan imaging to assess its performance and provide system optimization. In coherent …

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The Effect Of Caring For Grandchildren On Older Adults' Well-Being : Caregiving Grandparents Vs. Non-Caregivers In South Korea, Jwakyum Kim Jan 2015

The Effect Of Caring For Grandchildren On Older Adults' Well-Being : Caregiving Grandparents Vs. Non-Caregivers In South Korea, Jwakyum Kim

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Purpose: The aim of the present study is to provide theoretical explanations of the relationship of caregiving and older adults’ health (i.e., a life course perspective and Andersen’s Behavioral Model). Specifically, this study examines the effect of caring for grandchildren on older adults’ well-being in South Korea.

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Grid-Based Fourier Transform Phase Contrast Imaging, Sajjad Tahir Jan 2015

Grid-Based Fourier Transform Phase Contrast Imaging, Sajjad Tahir

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Low contrast in x-ray attenuation imaging between different materials of low electron density is a limitation of traditional x-ray radiography. Phase contrast imaging offers the potential to improve the contrast between such materials, but due to the requirements on the spatial coherence of the x-ray beam, practical implementation of such systems with tabletop (i.e. non-synchrotron) sources has been limited. One recently developed phase imaging technique employs multiple fine-pitched gratings. However, the strict manufacturing tolerances and precise alignment requirements have limited the widespread adoption of grating-based techniques. In this work, we have investigated a technique recently demonstrated by Bennett et al.1 …

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Attitudes Toward Mental Illness And Mental Health In The Literature Classroom, Melissa B. Guadron Jan 2015

Attitudes Toward Mental Illness And Mental Health In The Literature Classroom, Melissa B. Guadron

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

The purpose of this study was to observe undergraduate students’ attitudes toward mental illness and mental health in the literature classroom. This was an observational, inductive study of Jeffrey Berman’s literature course, featuring books written by Ernest Hemingway and F. Scott Fitzgerald. This setting was chosen because of Berman’s unique pedagogy, which encourages self-disclosure and psychoanalytic readings. Three questionnaires and three introspective reader response diaries were collected from fifteen participants; text analyses were performed on diaries. Research inquiries questioned a participant’s interactions with the books: How did participants respond to the portrayals of characters with mental illness or mental health …

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An Examination Of Subtypes Of Inclusive Depressive Symptoms Across Female And Male Low-Income Latino And Black Adolescents, Stephanie M. Ernestus Jan 2015

An Examination Of Subtypes Of Inclusive Depressive Symptoms Across Female And Male Low-Income Latino And Black Adolescents, Stephanie M. Ernestus

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

The current study examined the developmental patterns of nine depression symptoms (including traditional, masculine, and somatic symptoms of depression) in a sample of low-income, urban African American and Hispanic youth at early (10-12) and late (16-19) adolescence, and examined differences between males and females depressive profiles at each stage. Additionally, this study identified predictors of latent class membership (ethnic group and stress) at each time point. For this secondary analysis of data, a total of 610 early adolescents were selected from the Welfare, Children, and Families: A Three-City Study (Cherlin, 1999; Cherlin et al., 2001), which reduced to 453 late …

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Novel Nmr Based Technologies To Study Macromolecular Structures, Subhabrata Majumder Jan 2015

Novel Nmr Based Technologies To Study Macromolecular Structures, Subhabrata Majumder

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (NMR) is one of the principle tools in structural biology to probe macromolecular structures and interactions. The atomic resolution afforded by this technique has been widely used to probe protein-protein, and protein-ligand interactions in-vitro. However, the natural milieu of the proteins is the living cell and the cellular cytoplasm is extremely heterogeneous. The NMR studies of folded protein in-cell, till now, have been limited by non-specific interactions of the cytosol. This thesis outlays a general methodology to study protein structure/interactions inside the living cells using NMR. In a closely related objective, it also describes the use …

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Evolution Of Viral Host Recognition Through Multiple Pathways, Sara Stark Jan 2015

Evolution Of Viral Host Recognition Through Multiple Pathways, Sara Stark

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Most viruses are specialists and have a narrow host range, infecting only a single species or host strain. However, many of the viruses currently responsible for causing emerging infectious diseases are generalists and able to infect a wider host range. Viruses that are able to infect multiple hosts are more likely to continue expanding their host range and infecting additional species. The ability to infect a novel host is a complex process. The first step required to acquire the ability to infect a novel host is host recognition; the host recognition binding protein on the virus must be able to …

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Rna Aptamers For Molecular Chaperones Hsp27 And Hsp90, Sathishkumar Kumar Munusamy Jan 2015

Rna Aptamers For Molecular Chaperones Hsp27 And Hsp90, Sathishkumar Kumar Munusamy

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Hsp90 and Hsp27 are members of the heat shock protein family of chaperones that perform multiple roles in cellular maintenance through protein folding and inhibition of apoptosis. They are abundantly expressed in cells and are over-expressed during conditions of stress. Hsp90 requires ATP for its chaperone function while Hsp27 self-associates into higher order oligomers enclosing its substrate. Their ability to interact with other proteins or with themselves lies at the heart of their mechanisms. The specific consequences of each of their interactions on global cellular health have not yet been fully discovered. The sheer diversity of proteins that interact with …

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Structure And Stability Of Amyloid Fibrils Studied By Advanced Vibrational Spectroscopy, Marudachalam Shanmugasundaram Jan 2015

Structure And Stability Of Amyloid Fibrils Studied By Advanced Vibrational Spectroscopy, Marudachalam Shanmugasundaram

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Protein misfolding often leads to the formation of refractory protein aggregates like amyloid fibrils. These fibrils possess a highly ordered structure and are implicated in over 25 severe diseases including Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s and prion diseases. This work was focused on understanding the morphology and conformation of amyloid fibrils and their stability after formation. The deconstruction of fibrils as well as other aggregates like inclusion bodies under mild conditions was also investigated using Archaeal chaperones.

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Mass Spectrometry-Based Rnomics : Global Surveys Of Ribonucleotide Modifications As Possible Indicators Of Cell Identity, Epigenetic, Metabolic And Pathological State, Rebecca Erin Rose Jan 2015

Mass Spectrometry-Based Rnomics : Global Surveys Of Ribonucleotide Modifications As Possible Indicators Of Cell Identity, Epigenetic, Metabolic And Pathological State, Rebecca Erin Rose

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Discovery of the regulatory roles of non-protein coding RNAs (ncRNAs), once considered “junk” or “transcriptional noise”, has prompted a reassessment of the significance of the multifaceted activities of RNA in cellular response, which can result in cell transformation and diseased states. This reassessment, however, can only be accomplished if techniques are developed to capture, characterize and quantify the more than 100 covalent post-transcriptional modifications (PTMs) that adorn natural RNAs. Undoubtedly, the creation of high-throughput platforms such as next-generation sequencing and RNA-seq have provided unparalleled accuracy and sensitivity, however, they rely on strand amplification procedures that are blind to the known …

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Creation Of A 3d Construct To Aid Cell Migration And Promote Cell Capture, Joseph Michael Sanders Jan 2015

Creation Of A 3d Construct To Aid Cell Migration And Promote Cell Capture, Joseph Michael Sanders

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Most cancer-related deaths are attributed to metastasis. The tumor microenvironment is a complex environment which is not fully understood. The Nano Intravital Device (NANIVID) is a versatile, biocompatible device that allows for the manipulation of the tumor microenvironment in vitro and in vivo, providing a platform to study various aspects of tumor progression. The purpose of this study is to modify the NANIVID to resemble the tumor microenvironment in order to allow for a seamless transition from the in vivo environment into the engineered environment within the NANIVID. This engineered microenvironment will promote cell migration and cell capture. It has …

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Examining The Craniofacial Biomechanics Of Paranthropus Boisei, Amanda L. Smith Jan 2015

Examining The Craniofacial Biomechanics Of Paranthropus Boisei, Amanda L. Smith

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

An engineering method, finite element analysis (FEA), was used to examine the craniofacial biomechanics of Paranthropus boisei. The craniofacial morphology of Paranthropus boisei exhibits a number of highly derived characteristics that have commonly been thought to be related to feeding. This series of studies includes an ex vivo strain gage study (validation of techniques), an assessment of the effects of intraspecific craniofacial shape variation in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), and an examination of the feeding biomechanics of Paranthropus boisei. Modeling experiments were also conducted to test mechanical hypotheses regarding the effects of specific derived craniofacial features on Paranthropus feeding function.

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The Biomechanical And Behavioral Significance Of The Neanderthal Femur, Kelli Hamm Tamvada Jan 2015

The Biomechanical And Behavioral Significance Of The Neanderthal Femur, Kelli Hamm Tamvada

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

The Neanderthal (Homo neanderthalensis) femur is distinct from that of recent modern humans (Homo sapiens). Broadly speaking, the Neanderthal femur is more "robust", meaning that it appears to be biomechanically stronger, and it is more curved, which may enhance the predictability of the stresses and strains experienced by the bone. It has been hypothesized that the Neanderthal morphology is an adaptation to withstand elevated and repetitive loads associated with increased mobility. This study tests the mobility hypothesis using comparative and biomechanical methods. Specifically, this study sought to test the mobility hypothesis by a) determining whether or not a relationship exists …

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Assessment Of Quality Of Life (Qol) In People Living With Hiv In Georgia, Ekaterine Karkashadze Jan 2015

Assessment Of Quality Of Life (Qol) In People Living With Hiv In Georgia, Ekaterine Karkashadze

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Background: Identification of factors that influence quality of life (QoL) is important in order to improve health and social care services. No prior research is available on QoL in people living with HIV in the country of Georgia. The purpose of our study was to assess QoL among Georgian HIV-infected individuals and to examine associations of socio-demographic and disease-related factors with general and domain-specific QoL.

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Three Essays In Program Evaluation, Jungtaek Lee Jan 2015

Three Essays In Program Evaluation, Jungtaek Lee

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

I evaluate a wider range of public policies with program evaluation methods, difference-in-difference regression method and regression discontinuity design. The first chapter considers the causal relationship between the expansion on dependent coverage of the Affordable Care Act and risky behaviors including smoking and drinking. I also examine the effect of coverage on preventive care and health care utilization. To overcome the endogeneity problem, I exploit a regression discontinuity design to estimate the causal effect of losing health insurance. I find that young adults those who turned 26 are 8 to 10 percent more likely to lose health insurance than young …

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Fluorinated Hypervalent Sulfur Compounds In Synthesis, Cortney Von Hahmann Jan 2015

Fluorinated Hypervalent Sulfur Compounds In Synthesis, Cortney Von Hahmann

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

The polar and steric effects of pentafluorosulfanyl (SF5) substitution on selectivity and reactivity were investigated in the ketene imine [2+2] cycloaddition reaction. The kinetic resolution of racemic aldimines rely on the stereocontrol of cyclization by dipolar substituent effects. Functionalized SF5-bearing β-lactams are used in the preparation of conformationally constrained SF5-containing β-amino acids and peptides, in the study of novel antibacterial agents and in the design of new β-lactamase inhibitors.

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Initiated Chemical Vapor Deposition (Icvd) Polymer Thin Films : Structure-Property Effects On Thermal Degradation And Adhesion, Vijay Jain Bharamaiah Jeevendrakumar Jan 2015

Initiated Chemical Vapor Deposition (Icvd) Polymer Thin Films : Structure-Property Effects On Thermal Degradation And Adhesion, Vijay Jain Bharamaiah Jeevendrakumar

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Opportunities and challenges for chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of polymer thin films stems from their applications in electronics, sensors, and adhesives with demands for control over film composition, conformity and stability. Initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD) is a subset of the CVD technique that conjoins bulk free-radical polymerization chemistry with gas-phase processing. The novelty of iCVD technique stems from the use of an initiator that can be activated at low energies (150 – 300 °C) to react with surface adsorbed monomer to form a polymer film. This reduces risk for potential unwarranted side-reactions.

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Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program And Home Food Availability : The Role Of Depression And Household Characteristics, Marta D. Hernandez Jan 2015

Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program And Home Food Availability : The Role Of Depression And Household Characteristics, Marta D. Hernandez

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Although about 47 million low-income people participated in the Supplemental Nutritional Assistance Program (SNAP) program at the end of 2012, the effect of SNAP participation on some nutrition related outcomes is controversial or unknown. Particularly, the effect of SNAP on food availability at-home has not been examined despite its association with food consumption. In addition, little is known about individual and social factors influencing this relationship. This study examined the effects of the interaction between SNAP participation and depression and the effects of the interaction between SNAP participation and the presence of children under 17 years of age on food …

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Ill Living : Hemingway's Writing And My Father's Death, Jennifer R. Morrill Jan 2015

Ill Living : Hemingway's Writing And My Father's Death, Jennifer R. Morrill

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Abstract

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Brown Adipogenesis Of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells In Alginate Microstrands, Andrea Mannarino Unser Jan 2015

Brown Adipogenesis Of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells In Alginate Microstrands, Andrea Mannarino Unser

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

The ability of brown adipocytes (fat cells) to dissipate energy as heat shows great promise for the treatment of obesity and other metabolic disorders. Employing pluripotent stem cells, with an emphasis on directed differentiation, may overcome many issues currently associated with primary fat cell cultures. However, brown adipocytes are difficult to transplant in vivo due to the instability of fat, in terms of necrosis and neovascularization, once injected. Thus, 3D cell culture systems that have the potential to mimic adipogenic microenvironments are needed, not only to advance brown fat implantation, but also to better understand the role of brown adipocytes …

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Does Humor Promote Cognitive Flexibility By Way Of Its Affective And Cognitive Components? : A Prospective Test, Stuart Jenkins Daman Jan 2015

Does Humor Promote Cognitive Flexibility By Way Of Its Affective And Cognitive Components? : A Prospective Test, Stuart Jenkins Daman

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Two studies tested hypotheses regarding the idea that humor promotes cognitive flexibility. Two components of humor are argued to promote cognitive flexibility. First, the positive emotion associated with humor may enhance cognitive flexibility. Second, the processing of humor may exercise complex cognitive processing, thus making similar processing more efficient on subsequent tasks. Participants in Experiment 1 read humorous sentences or one of two types of non-humorous sentences. Participants in Experiment 2 viewed captioned images that varied in the presence of positivity and incongruity. Results of both studies do not support the idea that humor promotes cognitive flexibility, nor do they …

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An Investigation Of Alkaline Earth And Rare Earth Elements In Human Bone Following Long-Term Parenteral Nutrition, Aubrey L. Galusha Jan 2015

An Investigation Of Alkaline Earth And Rare Earth Elements In Human Bone Following Long-Term Parenteral Nutrition, Aubrey L. Galusha

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

This investigation focused on a unique collection of archived human bones obtained post-mortem from 7 patients, who had received long-term parenteral nutrition (PN) for up to 21 years. Parenterals are administered intravenously as a nutritional supplement, and may be contaminated with metals, which are completely absorbed into the blood compartment. Some metal contaminants may be deposited in the body’s reservoir for inorganic elements – bone.

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General Education Teachers' Knowledge, Training, And Perspectives Of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders And Evidence-Based Interventions : An Exploratory Study, Jeannette L. Cahill Jan 2015

General Education Teachers' Knowledge, Training, And Perspectives Of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders And Evidence-Based Interventions : An Exploratory Study, Jeannette L. Cahill

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Federal law requires that children with disabilities, including those with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), receive their education in the least restrictive environment, which frequently includes general education settings. Children with ASDs characteristically exhibit difficulties in social interaction, communication, and restricted interests. Consequently, general educators may face various challenges when teaching this population of students. Teachers’ opinions regarding the general practice of inclusion have been thoroughly researched, and they generally express positive views. The goal of the current study was to expand upon previous research about general educators’ perspectives regarding teaching students with ASDs. More specifically, this study investigated general educators’ …

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The Acquisition Of Adult Skills In Oecd Countries : Individual And Societal Antecedent, Suehye Kim Jan 2015

The Acquisition Of Adult Skills In Oecd Countries : Individual And Societal Antecedent, Suehye Kim

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Using the OECD the Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competences (PIACC), the World Bank open data, the OECD data lab, and Hofstede’s cultural dimensions, this study sets forth two conceptual frameworks to examine the effect of education on adult basic literacy and problem solving skills in technology-rich contexts. Based on a traditional approach to adult skills, this study explored how a differentiated form of initial education influences the acquisition of basic literacy and numeracy. Second, it build a proposed model assessing the effect of post-initial learning on problem solving skills in technology-rich contexts given that adults are required …

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Investigating Socioeconomic And Personal Network Factors As Predictors For Major Depressive Disorder, Especially In Women During Their Reproductive Transition, Molly Kathleen Mccann Jan 2015

Investigating Socioeconomic And Personal Network Factors As Predictors For Major Depressive Disorder, Especially In Women During Their Reproductive Transition, Molly Kathleen Mccann

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Abstract

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A Genetic Epidemiologic Investigation Of Breast Cancer Susceptibility, Cristy Ellen Stagnar Jan 2015

A Genetic Epidemiologic Investigation Of Breast Cancer Susceptibility, Cristy Ellen Stagnar

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Introduction

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Myoepithelial Cell Morphogenesis And Differentiation In The Mouse Submandibular Salivary Gland In Development And Disease, Elise Marie Gervais Jan 2015

Myoepithelial Cell Morphogenesis And Differentiation In The Mouse Submandibular Salivary Gland In Development And Disease, Elise Marie Gervais

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Organogenesis is the process by which tissues organize, gain considerable size, and undergo cellular differentiation or specialization to form fully functional organs. To study the processes involved in organogenesis of branched organs, the mouse submandibular salivary gland is frequently used as a model system, as it can undergo morphogenesis and differentiation and be genetically manipulated ex vivo. The mouse submandibular salivary gland undergoes a specific process of outgrowth and invagination known as branching morphogenesis which allows for the significant increase in gland size and complexity, as well as maximization of surface area for secretion of saliva. Surrounding the mouse submandibular …

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Comparison Of Glucose, Fructose And Sucrose Amperometric And Thermal Sensors For Detection Of Carbohydrates In Living Plant Tissue, Scott Mcadoo Jan 2015

Comparison Of Glucose, Fructose And Sucrose Amperometric And Thermal Sensors For Detection Of Carbohydrates In Living Plant Tissue, Scott Mcadoo

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Ecologists currently cannot test concentrations of carbohydrates in sap in vivo. Testing carbohydrates with current technology would require destructive tissue sampling. The tissue sampling involves large amounts of time and money to collect and test. Aphids are an insect that can bypass a tree’s passive immune system and feed off a phloem region for weeks. A series of enzymatic biosensors could be used to detect the concentration changes of specific carbohydrates. A calcium chelant can be added to defeat a tree’s immune system like an aphid. The detection of three carbohydrates, fructose, glucose and sucrose are involved in this study. …

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Visual Saliency Estimation : A Pre-Attentive Cognitive And Context-Aware Approach, Amanda Shannon Danko Jan 2015

Visual Saliency Estimation : A Pre-Attentive Cognitive And Context-Aware Approach, Amanda Shannon Danko

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

At each glance, biological vision systems organize a tremendous amount of input and

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