Digital Commons Network^™

Natural Sleep And Its Seasonal Variations In Three Pre-Industrial Societies, Gandhi Yetish, Hillard Kaplan, Michael Gurven, Brian Wood, Herman Pontzer, Paul R. Manger, Charles Wilson, Ronald Mcgregor, Jerome M. Siegel

ESI Publications

How did humans sleep before the modern era? Because the tools to measure sleep under natural conditions were developed long after the invention of the electric devices suspected of delaying and reducing sleep, we investigated sleep in three preindustrial societies[1–3]. We find that all three show similar sleep organization, suggesting that they express core human sleep patterns, likely characteristic of pre-modern era Homo sapiens. Sleep periods, the times from onset to offset, averaged 6.9–8.5-h, with sleep durations of 5.7–7.1-h, amounts near the low end of those industrial societies[4–7]. There was a difference of nearly 1-h between summer and winter sleep. …

Week Of November 2, 2015, New York Medical College

InTouch

• NYMC Supporters Gather at Founder's Dinner
• School of Medicine Hosts Cardiovascular Translational Research Workshop
• Medical Student, Adrian Romero, is the Recipient of 2015 AMA Foundation
• SHSP Hosts Two-Day Asthma Institute
• NYMC Hosts Second Annual Pre-Medical and Pre-Health Mentoring Program
• More NYMC History Adorns Walls of BSB
• Speech-Language Pathology Students Lead Disabilities Awareness Challenge at Local Boy Scout Event
• Peer to Peer Committee Recognizes Role Models at NYMC

Progress Notes, Lehigh Valley Health Network

Progress Notes

No abstract provided.

Medical School Watercooler Newsletter - November 1, 2015, Lindsey Lyle

Watercooler Newsletter

This is the November 1, 2015 edition of the Frederick P. Whiddon College of Medicine's Newsletter - Watercooler.

Contents Include:

USA Welcomes Dr. Preston Daugherty

Department of Defense Awards DxDiscovery Inc. and USA College of Medicine $1M for Research

Employee Benefits Fair Takes Place This Week

COM Alum Dr. John LeDoux Speaks at Medical Alumni Association Lecture

Carcinogenic Liver Fluke Secretes Extracellular Vesicles That Promote Cholangiocytes To Adopt A Tumorigenic Phenotype, Sujittra Chaidayet, Javier Sotillo, Michael Smout, Cinzia Cantacessi, Malcolm Jones, Paul J. Brindley, Jeffrey M. Bethony, +9 Additional Authors

Microbiology, Immunology, and Tropical Medicine Faculty Publications

Background. Throughout Asia there is an unprecedented link between cholangiocarcinoma and infection with the liver fluke Opisthorchis viverrini. Multiple processes including chronic inflammation and secretion of parasite proteins into the biliary epithelium drive infection towards cancer. Until now, the mechanism and effects of parasite protein entry into cholangiocytes was unknown.

Methods. Various microscopy techniques were used to identify O. viverrini extracellular vesicles (EVs) and their internalization by human cholangiocytes. Using mass spectrometry we characterised the EV proteome and associated changes in cholangiocytes after EV uptake, and detected EV proteins in bile of infected hamsters and humans. Cholangiocyte proliferation and …

A Delayed Mathematical Model For The Acute Inflammatory Response To Infection, Carlo Bianca, Luca Guerrini, Julien Riposo

Applied Mathematics & Information Sciences

This paper deals with further developments on a mathematical model recently proposed for the modeling of the acute inflammatory response to infection or trauma. In particular in order to take into account that some interactions have not an immediate effect, we introduce time delays. Specifically the paper deals with the existence of steady states, determining the parameter regimes where the equilibrium points are stable, and the onset of Hopf bifurcation appears. Numerical simulations are performed with the main aim of supporting the analytical results and investigate further dynamics.

Viewpoint: A Response To "Screening And Isolation To Control Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus: Sense, Nonsense, And Evidence", Kevin T. Kavanagh, Lindsay Calderon, Daniel Saman

Biological Sciences Faculty and Staff Research

Surveillance and isolation for the prevention of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has become a controversial topic, one that causes heated debate and appears to be surrounded by both politics and industrial conflicts-of-interest. There have been calls from numerous authors for a movement away from rigid mandates and toward an evidence-based medicine approach. However, much of the evidence can be viewed with an entirely different interpretation. Two major studies with negative findings have had an adverse impact on recommendations regarding active detection and isolation (ADI) for MRSA. However the negative findings in these studies can be explained by shortcomings in study …

The Physiological Consequences Of Crib-Biting In Horses In Response To An Acth Challenge Test, S. Briefer Freymond, D. Bardou, Elodie F. Briefer, R. Bruckmaier, N. Fouché, J. Fleury, A.-L. Maigrot, A. Ramseyer, K. Zuberbühler, I. Bachmann

Physiology Collection

Stereotypies are repetitive and relatively invariant patterns of behavior, which are observed in a wide range of species in captivity. Stereotypic behavior occurs when environmental demands produce a physiological response that, if sustained for an extended period, exceeds the natural physiological regulatory capacity of the organism, particularly in situations that include unpredictability and uncontrollability. One hypothesis is that stereotypic behavior functions to cope with stressful environments, but the existing evidence is contradictory. To address the coping hypothesis of stereotypies, we triggered physiological reactions in 22 horses affected by stereotypic behavior (crib-biters) and 21 non-crib-biters (controls), using an ACTH challenge test. …

Flight Physician - November, 2015, Civil Aviation Medical Association

Browse all Civil Aviation Medical Association Newsletters

A twenty-one page newsletter of the Civil Aviation Medical Association. The newsletter provided news about civil aviation medicine and information related to the organization.

Managing Compromised And Weak Calves, Franklyn B. Garry, Jason E. Lombard

Range Beef Cow Symposium

Take Home Messages

Many things can cause calves to be weak at birth, but dystocia is the single most common cause of compromised calves. Calves born without assistance experience hypoxia (low arterial blood oxygen), acidosis, and frequently hypothermia. Dystocia calves experience the same changes but to a greater degree. Dystocia has an immediate and prolonged effect on the health and productivity of calves. Perinatal mortality due to weakness and dystocia accounts for about half of all calf deaths through weaning and is not due to infectious disease. Simple interventions such as providing calves with mechanical breathing assistance, oxygen, colostrum, and …

Cave Talk, November 2015, Robert A. Holt

Cave Talk

Contents: 1965 - Celebrating our 50th Year - 2015 -- a Message from our New President Patty Perlaky -- 4th Grader Apologizes to Black Chasm Cavern -- Generations: a Garden Kaleidoscope at Mark Twain Cave -- Speleotherapy Or Natural Cave Therapy -- NCA Buyers Group -- Tennessee Gift Shows -- 2015 Convention Attendee Survey Results -- WNS Report -- Pumpkin Fix at Luray Fudge Company -- Microsoft's Rms P-O-S System -- NCA Insurance Column - NCA Members’ Resource for Insurance Information, News, Education -- a Thank You Note -- Calendar of Events

Use Of Modeling And Simulation In The Design And Conduct Of Pediatric Clinical Trials And The Optimization Of Individualized Dosing Regimens, Chris Stockmann, J. S. Barrett, Jessica K. Roberts, Catherine M.T. Sherwin

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

Mathematical models of drug action and disease progression can inform pediatric pharmacotherapy. In this tutorial, we explore the key issues that differentiate pediatric from adult pharmacokinetic (PK) / pharmacodynamic (PD) studies, describe methods to calculate the number of participants to be enrolled and the optimal times at which blood samples should be collected, and therapeutic drug monitoring methods for individualizing pharmacotherapy. The development of pediatric‐specific drug dosing dashboards is also highlighted, with an emphasis on clinical‐relevance and ease of use.

Research, Monitoring, Assessment And Development Plan 2015 – 2020, Department Of Fisheries

Fisheries Occasional Publications

No abstract provided.

A Novel Approach To Identify Shared Fragments In Drugs And Natural Products, Ashkay Balasubramanya, Ishwor Thapa, Dhundy Raj Bastola, Dario Ghersi

Interdisciplinary Informatics Faculty Proceedings & Presentations

Fragment-based approaches have now become an important component of the drug discovery process. At the same time, pharmaceutical chemists are more often turning to the natural world and its extremely large and diverse collection of natural compounds to discover new leads that can potentially be turned into drugs. In this study we introduce and discuss a computational pipeline to automatically extract statistically overrepresented chemical fragments in therapeutic classes, and search for similar fragments in a large database of natural products. By systematically identifying enriched fragments in therapeutic groups, we are able to extract and focus on few fragments that are …

Detection Methods And Intestinal Adherence Of Non-O157 Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia Coli, Zachary R. Stromberg

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) are enteric pathogens of humans. Cattle serve as a reservoir and harbor STEC in their intestines. Intimin-positive STEC are referred to as enterohemorrhagic E.coli (EHEC). Seven serogroups (O26, O45, O103, O111, O121, O145, and O157) account for the majority of illness due to STEC and are hereafter referred to as STEC/EHEC-7. To improve detection, enrichment broths were compared for supporting growth of STEC-7 and STEC O104:H4 (STEC-8). In pure culture, STEC enriched in trypticase soy broth (TSB) had significantly greater growth compared to TSB containing antimicrobials. In fecal samples, E. coli broth enrichment yielded …

History, Governmental Structure, And Politics: Defining The Scope Of Local Board Of Health Power, Pekham Pal

Fordham Law Review

    Local boards of health often issue regulations that have broad effects that surpass the borders of the city or county to which they apply. Promulgation of such rules by board of health members appointed by the executive branch implicates separation of powers concerns; because such regulations may so extensively burden a locality’s citizens, it may be more appropriate for elected officials to adopt these regulations. Indeed, local businesses or other interested parties often bring suit challenging local board of health actions. Courts apply different analytical methodologies to review these challenges, which often leads to incongruent local health agency discretion for …

Associations Among Human-Associated Fecal Contamination, Microcystis Aeruginosa, And Microcystin At Lake Erie Beaches, Cheonghoon Lee, Jason Marion, Melissa Cheung, Jiyoung Lee

EKU Faculty and Staff Scholarship

Lake Erie beaches exhibit impaired water quality due to fecal contamination and cyanobacterial blooms, though few studies address potential relationships between these two public health hazards. Using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), Microcystis aeruginosa was monitored in conjunction with a human-associated fecal marker (Bacteroides fragilis group; g-Bfra), microcystin, and water quality parameters at two beaches to evaluate their potential associations. During the summer of 2010, water samples were collected 32 times from both Euclid and Villa Angela beaches. The phycocyanin intergenic spacer (PC-IGS) and the microcystin-producing (mcyA) gene in M. aeruginosa were quantified with qPCR. PC-IGS and mcyA were …

Mode Of Delivery And Risk Of Asthma In Children 5-14 Years Old In Tabriz, Iran, Roya Sahebi, Leyla Sahebi, Amir Hossein Jafari-Rouhi, Ahmad Jafari-Javid, Stanley Luchters, Chad Hughes

Population Health, East Africa

Introduction: It has been suggested that a cesarean section increases risk of developing asthma due to lack of exposure to maternal microflora during birth. To investigate the association between the mode of delivery and the risk of asthma in children aged 5-14 years in Tabriz, Iran.

Methods: A case-control study was performed on 233 (case = 81, control = 152) children aged 5-14 years referred to outpatient clinics of Tabriz Children’s Hospital and Sheikhorrais Clinic in 2014. Clinical asthma diagnosis was done according to Global Initiative for Asthma Criteria. A questionnaire was administered to obtain a demographic, environmental, and clinical …

Residual Barriers For Utilization Of Maternal And Child Health Services: Community Perceptions From Rural Pakistan., Zahid Memon, Shehla Zaidi, Atif Riaz

Community Health Sciences

Low utilization of maternal and child care services in rural areas has constrained Pakistan from meeting targets of Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) 4 and 5. This study explores community barriers in accessing Maternal and Child Health (MCH) services in ten remote rural districts of Pakistan. It further presents how the barriers differ across a range of MCH services, and also whether the presence of Community Health Workers (CHWs) reduces client barriers. Qualitative methods were used involving altogether sixty focus group discussions with mothers, their spouses and community health workers. Low awareness, formidable distances, expense, and poorly functional services were the …

The Experiment Must Continue: Medical Research And Ethics In East Africa, 1940–2014, Melissa Graboyes

Ohio University Press Open Access Books

The Experiment Must Continue is a beautifully articulated ethnographic history of medical experimentation in East Africa from 1940 through 2014. In it, Melissa Graboyes combines her training in public health and in history to treat her subject with the dual sensitivities of a medical ethicist and a fine historian. She breathes life into the fascinating histories of research on human subjects, elucidating the hopes of the interventionists and the experiences of the putative beneficiaries.

Historical case studies highlight failed attempts to eliminate tropical diseases, while modern examples delve into ongoing malaria and HIV/AIDS research. Collectively, these show how East Africans …

A Global Perspective On The Influence Of Environmental Exposures On The Nervous System, Desire Tshala-Katumbay, Jean-Claude Mwanza, Diane S. Rohlman, Gladys E. Maestre, Reinaldo B. Oria

School of Medicine Publications

Economic transitions in the era of globalization warrant a fresh look at the neurological risks associated with environmental change. These are driven by industrial expansion, transfer and mobility of goods, climate change and population growth. In these contexts, risk of infectious and non-infectious diseases are shared across geographical boundaries. In low- and middle-income countries, the risk of environmentally mediated brain disease is augmented several fold by lack of infrastructure, poor health and safety regulations, and limited measures for environmental protection. Neurological disorders may occur as a result of direct exposure to chemical and/or non-chemical stressors, including but not limited to, …

Dynamic Model Of Nonmedical Opioid Use Trajectories And Potential Policy Interventions, Wayne W. Wakeland, Alexandra Nielsen, Peter Geissert

Complex Systems Faculty Publications and Presentations

Background—Nonmedical use of pharmaceutical opioid analgesics (POA) increased dramatically over the past two decades and remains a major health problem in the United States, contributing to over 16,000 accidental poisoning deaths in 2010.

Objectives—Create a systems oriented theory/model to explain the historical behaviors of interest, including the various populations of nonmedical opioid users and accidental overdose mortality within those populations. Use the model to explore policy interventions including tamper resistant drug formulations and strategies for reducing diversion of opioid medicines.

Methods—A system dynamics model was constructed to represent the population of people who initiate nonmedical POA usage. The model incorporates …

The Impact Of Social Influence, Gender, And Non-Parental Guardianship On Adolescents In Substance Use Recovery, Anne Thompson Heller, Beth S. Russell

Journal of Human Sciences and Extension

This study explored potential barriers to sustaining recovery from substance use disorders (SUD) in adolescence, particularly for youth enrolled in school-based recovery programs, or recovery schools. Participants (N = 28) enrolled full-time in a Massachusetts recovery high school completed a survey of demographic information and scales assessing social desirability, parent and peer influence, and stigma. Results indicated that peers have slightly higher influence than parents, particularly among girls and adolescents with non-parental guardians. Participants living with parents who use substances reported being sober an average of 28.7 months, versus 40.9 months for those living with nonusing parents. Participants with parental …

Extrapolating Evidence About Preventing Recurrent Cellulitis For An Individual Patient Concern, Christina L. Benkert D.O., Amrit K. Basi, Kristina L. Bahrou M.D., Catherine R. Cherri M.D., Suraiya K. Azom M.D., Nicholus H. Yee M.D.

Clinical Research in Practice: The Journal of Team Hippocrates

A critical appraisal and clinical application of Thomas KS, Crook AM, Nunn AJ, et al. Penicillin to prevent recurrent leg cellulitis, N Engl J Med. 2013, May 2;368(18):1695-1703. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1206300

Efficacy Of Plant-Derived Antimicrobials In Reducing Foodborne Pathogens In Agricultural Soil And Their Effect On Soil Nutrients And Microbiome, Samantha M. Fancher

Master's Theses

Bacterial pathogens, such as Salmonella and Listeria monocytogenes, can contaminate agricultural soil thereby increasing the risk of produce-associated foodborne outbreaks. In this study three plant-derived antimicrobials (PDAs), carvacrol (CR), thymol (TY), and β-resorcylic acid (BR) were analyzed for their efficacy in reducing Salmonella and L. monocytogenes in agricultural soil. The effect of the PDAs on the soil pH, nutrients, and microbiome was also determined.

Sandy loam soil was inoculated with either Salmonella or L. monocytogenes followed by the addition of 0.25 or 0.5% CR, TY, and BR. The treated samples were analyzed up to 21 days for surviving pathogens. …

Vol.43 N.15 October 29th 2015, Voice Media Ventures

Black Voice News

No abstract provided.

The Pacifican October 29, 2015, University Of The Pacific

All Issues - Student Newspaper, The Pacifican, Pacific Weekly

No abstract provided.

Quaker Campus, October 29, 2015 (Vol. 102, Issue 8), Whittier College

Quaker Campus

No abstract provided.

Novel Loci Associated With Usual Sleep Duration: The Charge Consortium Genome-Wide Association Study, D. J. Gottlieb, K. Hek, T. H. Chen, N. F. Watson, G. Eiriksdottir, E. M. Byrne, M. Cornelis, S. C. Warby, S. Bandinelli, John Blangero

School of Medicine Publications

Usual sleep duration is a heritable trait correlated with psychiatric morbidity, cardiometabolic disease and mortality, although little is known about the genetic variants influencing this trait. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) of usual sleep duration was conducted using 18 population-based cohorts totaling 47 180 individuals of European ancestry. Genome-wide significant association was identified at two loci. The strongest is located on chromosome 2, in an intergenic region 35- to 80-kb upstream from the thyroid-specific transcription factor PAX8 (lowest P=1.1 × 10 -9). This finding was replicated in an African-American sample of 4771 individuals (lowest P=9.3 × 10 -4). The strongest …

Criminals By Necessity: The American Homeless In The Twenty-First Century, Lisa M. Kline

Liberty University Law Review

No abstract provided.