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Vector-Borne Viral Diseases, Penghua Wang, Fengwei Bai, Gong Cheng, Jianfeng Dai, Michael J. Conway

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Investigation Of The Risks Of Entry And Spread Of Bvd In Herds Participating In A Regional Bvd Control Programme In The South West, Rebecca Mary Butland

School of Biological and Marine Sciences Theses

Bovine Viral Diarrhoea (BVD) is estimated to cost the UK cattle industry £40 million annually, the third most costly disease facing the agricultural industry. BVD produces a range of symptoms in cattle including scouring, pneumonia, poor fertility, reduced growth rates and lowered milk yields. The most common route of transmission is through persistently infected (PI) animals shedding the virus to other cattle. PI animals can only develop pre-partum when the BVD virus crosses the placenta from the dam to the foetus. If infection occurs during the first 110 to 150 days of gestation, the foetus is immune-incompetent and the lymphocytes …

Effects Of Dietary Ingredients And Feed Additives On The Health And Production Of European Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus Labrax) For Applications In Aquaculture, David Luke Peggs

School of Biological and Marine Sciences Theses

Experiment one revealed fishmeal (FM) replacement with soy protein concentrate (SPC) alone, and in combination with pea protein concentrate (PPC) and saponins (S) modulated the intestinal bacterial communities of D. labrax, increasing the presence of lactic acid bacteria. Intestinal histology revealed significantly reduced goblet cell’s (GC’s) in fish fed the SPC+S, epithelial microvilli densities (MD) in fish fed the SPC+PPC, SPC+PPC+S and SPC+S after two weeks feeding. Significant reductions in GC’s and intraepithelial leukocytes (IEL’s) in fish fed the SPC+S, and MD’s in fish fed the SPC+S and SPC+PPC+S after four weeks feeding, relative to fish fed the FM control. …

Building Assets Toolkit: Developing Positive Benchmarks For Adolescent Girls—Resource Manual, Judith Bruce, Sarah Engebretsen, Kimberly Glazer

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

This document contains the Building Assets Toolkit’s Resource Manual, which includes valuable information about building meaningful program content as well as detailed notes on each asset for use in the toolkit’s “Asset Building Exercise.” This exercise is designed to involve multiple stakeholders in determining what assets girls need in order to survive and thrive. The Building Assets Toolkit is an approach for developing programs for specific segments of girls that will prepare them to better face the challenges of growing up. It will help program managers understand the needs of the girls in their community, engage stakeholders at different levels …

Building Assets Toolkit: Developing Positive Benchmarks For Adolescent Girls, Judith Bruce, Sarah Engebretsen, Kimberly Glazer

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

The Building Assets Toolkit is an approach for developing programs for specific segments of girls that will prepare them to better face the challenges of growing up. It will help program managers understand the needs of the girls in their community, engage stakeholders at different levels and with different viewpoints, and build concrete and meaningful programming for adolescent girls. This document contains the complete toolkit in English (resource manual, instruction guide, and asset cards)

See Comments section below for individual links to each section of the toolkit and to the resources in other languages.

Mechanisms Of Mitochondrial Dysfunction In Sepsis-Induced Kidney Injury, Joshua Andrew Smith

MUSC Theses and Dissertations

Mitochondrial dysfunction is a well-characterized pathophysiological feature of acute kidney injury (AKI). Our laboratory has previously implicated suppression of mitochondrial biogenesis, the process by which cells generate new and functional mitochondria, as an important contributor to development of mitochondrial dysfunction in multiple experimental models of AKI. However, relatively little is known about the molecular mechanisms responsible for disruption of biogenesis in renal cells. The primary goals of this project were to define signaling pathways mediating acute suppression of renal cortical mitochondrial biogenesis and to characterize changes in glycolytic metabolism that might support both cellular and organ function following sepsis-induced AKI. …

Stimulation Of Mitochondrial Biogenesis Through Induction Of Cgmp Promotes Recovery Of Mitochondrial And Renal Function Following Acute Kidney Injury, Ryan Michael Whitaker

MUSC Theses and Dissertations

Mitochondrial damage and dysfunction are major pathophysiological mechanisms underlying acute kidney injury (AKI). Following various forms of AKI, mitochondrial biogenesis, the de novo generation of new, functional mitochondria, is suppressed. Pharmacological stimulation of PPARγ-coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), the master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis, promotes recovery of mitochondrial and renal function after AKI. The primary goals of this project were the evaluation of renal cGMP as a modulator of mitochondrial biogenesis in AKI, and the assessment of phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors and guanylyl cyclase (GC) activators as novel agents to induce mitochondrial biogenesis and promote renal recovery. cGMP has been demonstrated to stimulate mitochondrial …

"Death Is Different": Limiting Health Care For Death Row Inmates, Michelle Masotto

Health Matrix: The Journal of Law-Medicine

No abstract provided.

Understanding And Addressing The Common Roots Of Racial Health Disparities: The Case Of Cardiovascular Disease And Hiv/Aids In African Americans, Matha E. Lang, Chloe E. Bird

Health Matrix: The Journal of Law-Medicine

No abstract provided.

The Public Health Implications Of Religious Exemptions: A Balance Between Public Safety And Personal Choice, Or Religion Gonetoo Far?, Christopher Ogolla

Health Matrix: The Journal of Law-Medicine

No abstract provided.

"Don't Have A Cow, Man": Recognizing Herd Share Agreements For Raw Milk, Timothy J. Mayer

Health Matrix: The Journal of Law-Medicine

No abstract provided.

Medicaid And Migrant Farmworkers: Why The State Residency Requirement Presents A Significant Access Barrier And What States Should Do About It, Malea Hetrick

Health Matrix: The Journal of Law-Medicine

No abstract provided.

Content And Metaphor : Making Meaning Of Voices, Emma P. Gabriner

Theses, Dissertations, and Projects

The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore how people who hear voices have learned to cope with their voices, and how they attribute the function or role of the voice(s) in their lives. This thesis asked whether traumatic, lived experiences are related to the content of voices. This study used a narrative-inquiry approach to speak with nine adults about their experiences hearing voices. The interview questionnaire was adapted from the Maastricht Interview and Construct (Escher and Romme, 2000). Participants were interviewed in person or over the phone. The recovery model was the theoretical basis for this study. This …

The Balanced Counseling Strategy Plus: A Toolkit For Family Planning Service Providers Working In High Hiv/Sti Prevalence Settings (With Zika Information), Population Council

Reproductive Health

The Balanced Counseling Strategy Plus (BCS+) toolkit, developed and tested in Kenya and South Africa, provides information and materials that healthcare providers need to offer complete, high-quality family planning counseling to clients living in areas with high rates of HIV and STIs. Content is in accordance with the 2015 WHO Medical Eligibility Criteria. The BCS+ provides evidence on clinical indications for the provision of family planning methods, counseling cards, instructions for providers, and guidance for supplemental counseling and services that family planning clients may need. This publication is the English language version with Zika information of the user's guide, trainer's …

The Relationship Between Willis-Ekbom Disease And Serum Ferritin Levels Among Children In Northwestern Turkey, Gulistan Halac, Gulsen M. Sezer, Neslihan O. Saglam, Pinar Tekturk, Aysegul D. Demir, Saliha Demir, Faruk Akcay, Aysegul Uslu, Zuhal Yapıcı, Talip Asil

Neurosciences

Objective: To examine the incidence of restless legs syndrome (RLS) among children with iron deficiency, or iron deficiency anemia, or both, and the relationship between RLS prevalence and serum ferritin levels. Methods: This prospective, cross-sectional, case controlled study was carried out between January and June 2013, and included 98 iron deficiency and/or iron deficiency anemia, and 102 healthy children referred to the Neurology and Pediatric Departments of the Medical Faculty of Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey. Both groups were evaluated according to the International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group diagnostic criteria. Results: The range of ferritin levels was 0.01-12 mg/ml …

Being Ready To Treat Ebola Virus Disease Patients, David Brett-Major, Shevin T. Jacob, Frederique A. Jacquerioz, George F. Risi, William A. Fischer, Yasuyuki Kato, Catherine F. Houlihan, Ian Crozier, Henry Kyobe Bosa, James V. Lawler, Takuya Adachi, Sara K. Hurley, Louise E. Berry, John C. Carlson, Thomas C. Button, Susan L. Mclellan, Barbara J. Shea, Gary G. Kuniyoshi, Mauricio Ferri, Srinivas G. Murthy, Nicola Petrosillo, Francois Lamontagne, David T. Porembka, John S. Schieffelin, Lewis Rubinson, Tim O'Dempsey, Suzanne M. Donovan, Daniel G. Bausch, Robert A. Fowler, Thomas E. Fletcher

Journal Articles: Epidemiology

As the outbreak of Ebola virus disease (EVD) in West Africa continues, clinical preparedness is needed in countries at risk for EVD (e.g., United States) and more fully equipped and supported clinical teams in those countries with epidemic spread of EVD in Africa. Clinical staff must approach the patient with a very deliberate focus on providing effective care while assuring personal safety. To do this, both individual health care providers and health systems must improve EVD care. Although formal guidance toward these goals exists from the World Health Organization, Medecin Sans Frontières, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and …

Soil-Transmitted Helminth Infections And Associated Risk Factors Among Schoolchildren In Durbete Town, Northwestern Ethiopia, Tilahun Alelign, Abraham Degarege, Berhanu Erko

Journal Articles: Epidemiology

Identifying determinants of soil transmitted helminth infection is vital to design control strategy for the disease. This study assessed the prevalence of STH infections and associated factors among schoolchildren in Durbete town, northwestern Ethiopia. Data about the sociodemographic and socioeconomic status of the children were collected using a questionnaire and stool samples were diagnosed using thick Kato-Katz smear. STH infection was more common among school-age children in Durbete town. Hookworm was the most frequent helminth species detected. The prevalence of STH infection was more in children who did not practice wearing shoes and washing hands before eating and in those …

Comparison Of Musculoskeletal Disorder Health Claims Between Construction Floor Layers And A General Working Population, Ann Marie Dale, Daniel Ryan, Laura Welch, Margaret A. Olsen, Bryan Buchholz, Bradley A. Evanoff

Occupational and Health Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Uchunguzi (Journal Watch/Montre De Journal) June 2015, Benjamin Wachira

Internal Medicine, East Africa

Uchunguzi means investigation in Swahili and provides a summary of some of the most recent international literature as presented in other leading journals, but with an emphasis on what is relevant to our continent.

Activating The Biological And Behavioral Immune Systems, Julia Christensen

Departmental Honors Projects

Psychology recognizes two distinct facets of the immune system: the biological immune system (BIO), covering all processes of the typical immune system, and the behavioral immune system (BEH), a set of cognitive, emotional, and behavioral responses to environmental stimuli. Research on this dual immune system indicates that each is capable of influencing the other (Schaller & Park, 2011). For example, perception of illness in others can activate the sympathetic nervous system (Schaller, Miller, Gervais, Yager, & Chen, 2010). Furthermore, evidence suggests that these two systems are capable of influencing moral judgment (Inbar, Pizarro, & Bloom, 2008). This study aims to …

Toll-Like Receptor 4 (Tlr4) In Acute And Chronic Renal Diseases, Anand R. Nair

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Despite advances in its treatment, the incidence of renal diseases has been consistently increasing. Hence, there is a need to understand the underlying molecular mechanisms of the progression of kidney diseases. Recent research implicates inflammation as an important mediator of renal injury. We hypothesized that inhibiting Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), an upstream modulator of several inflammatory pathways, would prevent the progression of renal diseases. First, we determined the mechanism by which AngiotensinII (AngII)-induced inflammation is modulated by TLR4 using an in vitro model of rat tubulo-epithelial cells. We blocked TLR4 using gene silencing strategy in NRK52E cells. In TLR4-silenced cells, …

The Effect Of O Antigen Loss On The Protein Composition And Inflammatory Response Elicited By Klebsiella Pneumoniae, Bethaney Cahill

UNF Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Klebsiella pneumoniae is a Gram-negative pathogen associated with numerous infections. Like all Gram-negative bacteria, K. pneumoniae naturally release outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) during all stages of cellular growth. OMVs are composed of the outer membrane components such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and outer membrane proteins and contain cytosolic and periplasmic proteins in the lumen. K. pneumoniae is often found to lack an O antigen. The absence of the O antigen has been reported to alter the protein content of the membrane which may further alter the immune response elicited by K. pneumoniae. Therefore the purpose of this study was to …

Sindbis Virus Entry Of Mosquito Midgut Epithelia...Is Nramp Involved?, Florence Yi Ting Chim

UNF Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Sindbis virus (SINV) is an arthropod-borne Alphavirus in the family Togaviridae. Sindbis virus has a broad host range that includes avian, mammalian, and human hosts; therefore, its receptor(s) is/are highly conserved. When the mosquito imbibes a viremic blood meal, the virus infects the midgut cells, disseminates into the hemolymph, and eventually infects the salivary glands. The midgut is an organ of transmission and the virus must overcome the midgut epithelia infection- and escape-barriers. Sindbis virus infection is determined by the chance collision of the glycoproteins with a compatible receptor. Research has supported the involvement of high-affinity laminin receptor and heparan …

Techniques For Estimating The Variance Of Specific Estimators Within Complex Surveys, Laura Marie Galiardi

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The objective of this thesis is to present the various procedures for estimating the variance of specific statistics obtained from different types of survey designs, leading up to more advanced designs such complex surveys. The thesis starts with defining the various sampling designs that are to be used for illustrations (Ch 2). Chapter two gives further descriptions of how various sampling designs are performed (from simple designs to not so simple) and shows the sophistication in calculating the estimates and variances. Chapter three cites the actual equations necessary for estimating the variances of the statistics for each design and demonstrates …

Washington University Magazine, Summer 2015

Washington University Magazine

No abstract provided.

Assessing The Pathogenic Cause Of Sea Star Wasting Disease In Asterias Forbesi Along The East Coast Of The United States, Caitlin Jessica Delsesto

Open Access Master's Theses

As keystone predators, sea stars serve to maintain biodiversity and distribution through trophic level interactions in intertidal ecosystems. Sea Star Wasting Disease (SSWD) has caused widespread mass mortality of Asterias forbesi in locations along the Northeast Coast of the US in recent years. A similar disease has been described in several sea star species from the West Coast of the US. Recently, a densovirus has been associated with wasting disease in West Coast sea stars and a few limited samples of A. forbesi. The goal of this research is to describe the pathogenesis of SSWD in A. forbesi and …

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa-Induced Bleb-Niche Formation In Epithelial Cells Is Independent Of Actinomyosin Contraction And Enhanced By Loss Of Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane-Conductance Regulator Osmoregulatory Function, Amber L. Jolly, Desire Takawira, Olufolarin O. Oke, Sarah A. Whiteside, Stephanie W. Chang, Emily R. Wen, David J. Evans

Faculty Publications & Research of the TUC College of Pharmacy

The opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa can infect almost any site in the body but most often targets epithelial cell-lined tissues such as the airways, skin, and the cornea of the eye. A common predisposing factor is cystic fibrosis (CF), caused by defects in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane-conductance regulator (CFTR). Previously, we showed that when P. aeruginosa enters epithelial cells it replicates intracellularly and occupies plasma membrane blebs. This phenotype is dependent on the type 3 secretion system (T3SS) effector ExoS, shown by others to induce host cell apoptosis. Here, we examined mechanisms for P. aeruginosa-induced bleb formation, focusing on its …

Inserting Pharmacists In Primary Care Roles In An Ambulatory Care Setting, Keith Yoshizuka, Katherine K. Knapp, Patricia A. Shane, Debbie H. Lu

Faculty Publications & Research of the TUC College of Pharmacy

In this report, we suggest how pharmacy personnel may be used to alleviate some of the pressures currently impacting health system administrators. We look back to the role(s) of the hospital pharmacy and the hospital pharmacist historically and outline changes that have occurred and how these changes may be helpful to address several problem areas in the ambulatory care venue.

Introduction Of Florida Bass Alleles Into Largemouth Bass Inhabiting Northeastarkansas Stream Systems, W. J. Brockway, Ronald L. Johnson

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Florida bass (Micropterus floridanus) have been introduced throughout much of the southern U.S. over the past 50 years. This species readily hybridizes with the extant largemouth bass (M. salmoides). Within Arkansas, the Florida bass is currently stocked in the southern half of the state. Previous studies of a northern Arkansas hatchery and a reservoir revealed the existence of Florida bass alleles in each. Other studies in Oklahoma and Texas have revealed the presence of Florida bass alleles in stream systems proximal to lakes stocked. Our goal was to investigate, using microsatellite analysis of 7 diagnostic loci, the presence of Florida …

Climate, Environmental And Socio-Economic Change: Weighing Up The Balance In Vector-Borne Disease Transmission, Paul E. Parham, Joanna Waldock, George K. Christophides, Deborah Hemming, Folashade Agusto, Katherine J. Evans, Nina Fefferman, Holly Gaff, Abba Gumel, Shannon Ladeau

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Arguably one of the most important effects of climate change is the potential impact on human health. While this is likely to take many forms, the implications for future transmission of vector-borne diseases (VBDs), given their ongoing contribution to global disease burden, are both extremely important and highly uncertain. In part, this is owing not only to data limitations and methodological challenges when integrating climate-driven VBD models and climate change projections, but also, perhaps most crucially, to the multitude of epidemiological, ecological and socio-economic factors that drive VBD transmission, and this complexity has generated considerable debate over the past 10-15 …