Digital Commons Network^™

Transition From Hospital To Home In The Older Adult Population, Sharon Saunderson Coffey

Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP)

The period of care transition for the older adult is one of greatest risk often leading to negative consequences and avoidable hospital readmissions. The transition from hospital to home was explored in older adults aged 65 years and older being discharged from an unit specializing in elder care known as an Acute Care for the Elderly or ACE unit (n= 12) or a non-ACE unit (n=85). Prior to discharge a Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) was performed and a follow up telephone survey was conducted using the Care Transition Measure-15 (CTM-15) which reflects the overall quality of the care transition. …

The Relationship Between Poverty And Hiv/Aids In Sudan / Salwa Muddthir Ismail, Salwa Muddthir Ismail

Student Works (2010-2019)

This thesis investigates the complex and vicious circle of poverty and Human Immune Virus (HIV)/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes (AIDS) in Sudan. The study focuses on selected dimensions of poverty that increase the risk and vulnerability to HIV/AIDS, which is pertinent as poverty can hamper mitigating efforts. The study adopted the livelihood, drive and structuration theories approach as the theoretical framework, to investigate the relationship between poverty and HIV/AIDS in Sudan. The study was conducted using a mixed method approach. Quantitative data from people living with HIV/AIDS was compiled using survey questionnaires while qualitative data gathered from Focus Group Discussions. The …

Development Of Multiplex Pcr Assay For The Detection Of Five Non-Halal Species In Islamic Foods / Md. Abdur Razzak, Md. Abdur Razzak

Student Works (2010-2019)

Food forgery is one of the most concerning socio-economic issues having impact on health, religions and hard earned wages. The recent scandals on horse meat in Europe, rat meat in China have given consumers apprehension on the detection, differentiation and identification of ingredients, especially the meat items, in foods, medicine and other consumers’ products. A range of analytical methods based on lipid, protein and DNAbiomarkers have been proposed for meat species authentication. However, lipid and protein-based examinations are less trustworthy since protein can be easily denatured and the level of lipids can be significantly modified through the processing treatments. On …

Profiling Of Anti-Diabetic Agent From Pereskia Bleo (Kunth) / Nadzrul Aida Bt Mat Darus, Nadzrul Aida Mat Darus

Student Works (2010-2019)

Pereskia bleo (Kunth) belongs to the family of Cactaceae and locally known as jarum tujuh bilah. It has been used traditionally by native Malaysian for the treatment of diabetes. However, the lack of scientific data to validate such claim have motivates researcher to study for its anti-diabetic activities. In this study, the leaves, stems and roots of Pereskia bleo crude extracts were extracted with hexane, petroleum ether, chloroform, methanol and aqueous. The separation and detections of bioactive compounds were done using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and Liquid Chromatography Mass spectrometry combined with Mass Spectrometry (LCMS/MS) methods. The TLC results showed …

Synthesis, Characterization And Theoretical Study Of Amino Acid-Based Magnetic Molecularly Imprinted Polymer For Recognition Of Sulfonamide Drugs / Chen Lei, Lei Chen

Student Works (2010-2019)

Sulfonamides antibiotics (SAs) are the oldest and among the most widely used antibacterial agent in the world. Due to its low cost and their relative efficacy in controlling some common bacterial related diseases, SAs have been widely used in various sectors. Since huge amount of SAs have been consumed every year, SAs have been released into the environment through various human activities. Among various classes of pharmaceutical, the presence of antibiotics in the environments has been one of the major concerns due to its ability to develop antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Thus, it is essential to develop an efficient method for the …

Hirarc Study For Occupational Safety And Health Evaluation Of Clinical Waste Handlers At A Hospital And An Incineration Plant / Kauselya Muniandy, Kauselya Muniandy

Student Works (2010-2019)

Clinical waste poses serious threats and hazards to human health. Clinical waste, which is categorized as a scheduled waste in Malaysia, has been increasing over the years. Thus, proper clinical waste management is important as improper clinical waste handling has led to many incidents involving handlers over the years (Arab et al., 2008). However, research on hazard and risk assessment for clinical waste management has been very limited, and there is a serious dearth of information for risk control planning. This project seeks to document the hazards found during clinical waste collection and disposal practices in a healthcare establishment and …

Dengue Rapid Diagnostic Via Surface Plasmon Resonance Biosensor / Peyman Jahanshahi, Jahanshahi Peyman

Student Works (2010-2019)

The aim of this thesis is to introduce an optical technique which can be utilized in detection of dengue virus rapidly. This technique involves the application of analytical and numerical electromagnetic simulations led by physical insight and theoretical knowledge. As a part of this study, the most common permittivity function models are compared and the best model is identified for the proposed biosensor structure. The best model (Brendel-Bormann) is found to have an accuracy of ~94.4% with respect to experimental data. On the other hand, Finite Element Method (FEM) is found to be a valuable tool in the numerical solutions …

Chemical Constituents Of Phoebe Grandis (Nees) Merr, Phoebe Tavoyana (Meissn.) Hk.F., And Actinodaphne Sesquipedalis Hook. F. Var. Glabra And Their Biological Activities / Hanita Omar, Omar Hanita

Student Works (2010-2019)

Chemical Constituents of Phoebe grandis (Nees) Merr, Phoebe tavoyana (Meissn.) Hk.F., and Actinodaphne sesquipedalis Hook. F. var. glabra And Their Biological Activities Twenty extracts of Phoebe grandis and Phoebe tavoyana; and Actinodaphne sesquipedalis were underwent preliminary screening for their cytotoxicity, antioxidant, antibacterial and antiplasmodial activities. The potential extracts were chosen for detailed phytochemical investigation involving isolation of compounds by chromatographic methods, structural elucidation by means of spectroscopic methods such as UV, IR, MS, 1D and 2D NMR (COSY, HMQC, HMBC, NOESY) and also by comparison with the literature. Further bioassay screenings for some of the identified compounds were also carried …

The Impact Of Hiv/Aids On Foreign Direct Investment: Evidence From Sub-Saharan Africa, Elizabeth Asiedu, Yi Jin, Isaac K. Kanyama

Journal of African Trade

We construct a theoretical model that examines the relationship between HIV/AIDS and foreign direct investment and employ panel data from 41 countries in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) to test the implications of the model. We find that HIV/AIDS has a negative but diminishing effect on FDI. Furthermore, the adverse effect occurs even when the HIV prevalence rate is as low as 0.1%. The result has important policy implications for SSA countries.

Gender Considerations Along The Hiv Treatment Cascade: An Evidence Review With Priority Actions, Melanie Croce-Galis, Jill Gay, Karen Hardee, What Works Association, Population Council

Reproductive Health

This treatment brief provides policymakers and program implementers with evidence about the impact of gender dynamics on treatment access and adherence and the gender-related gaps in treatment research and programming. It also includes priority actions that can be taken to better address gender within treatment programming and raises questions for implementation science in order to achieve the global 90-90-90 goal. This brief draws from What Works for Women and Girls: Evidence for HIV Interventions and uses the WHO treatment cascade framework to identify and analyze major gender considerations in providing antiretroviral therapy to those living with HIV in low- and …

Cellular And Molecular Mechanisms Of Fungal Β-(1→6)-Glucan In Macrophages, Ilka Noss, Tammy R. Ozment, Bridget M. Graves, Michael D. Kruppa, Peter J. Rice, David L. Williams

ETSU Faculty Works

Over the last 40-yr, the majority of research on glucans has focused on β-(1→3)-glucans. Recent studies indicate that β-(1→6)-glucans may be even more potent immune modulators than β-(1→3)-glucans. Mechanisms by which β-(1→6)-glucans are recognized and modulate immunity are unknown. In this study, we examined the interaction of purified water-soluble β-(1→6)-glucans with macrophage cell lines and primary peritoneal macrophages and the cellular and molecular consequences of this interaction. Our results indicate the existence of a specific β-(1→6)-glucan receptor that internalizes the glucan ligand via a clathrin-dependent mechanism. We show that the known β-(1→3)-glucans receptors are not responsible for β-(1→6)-glucan recognition and …

Online Diagnosis Of Diabetes With Twitter Data, Farheen Ali

Masters Theses

"Innovation in technology enables people to communicate, share information and look for their needs by just sitting in rooms and going through some clicks. While social media has played a very important role in connecting people worldwide, its potential has stretched beyond the innovative idea of connecting people through their social networks. While many thought there was no meeting point for the healthcare sector and social media, it was a surprise when research and innovations have shown that social media could lay a very significant role in the health care sector.

Research has been done in developing models that could …

Attitudes And Behaviors Of South African Women And Psychosocial Determinants Of Gonorrhea, Takiyah White Ndwanya

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The incidence of gonorrhea had declined since the HIV epidemic in the late 1980s, but is now increasing globally due to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant forms of this disease. In South Africa, the incidence of gonorrhea is highest among Black women due to their high co-infection rates with HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). This study examined the psychosocial determinants of gonorrhea among Black women aged 18 - 35 in the Langa township in Cape Town, South Africa. All participants had reported at least one sexual experience and at least one positive test for gonorrhea in the past two …

Antibody Response Of Cattle To Vaccination With Commercial Modified Live Rabies Vaccines In Guatemala, Amy T. Gilbert, Lauren Greenberg, David Moran, Marlon Alvarado, Daniel L. Garcia, Leonard Peruski

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Vampire bat rabies is a public and animal health concern throughout Latin America. As part of an ecological study of vampire bat depredation on cattle in southern Guatemala,we conducted a vaccine seroconversion study among three dairy farms. The main objectives of this cross sectional and cohort study were to understand factors associated withbat bites among cattle, to determine whether unvaccinated cattle had evidence of rabies virus exposure and evaluate whether exposure was related to bat bite prevalence, and to assess whether cattle demonstrate adequate seroconversion to two commercial vaccines used in Guatemala. In 2012, baseline blood samples were collected immediately …

A Tale Of Two Diseases: Mental Illness And Hiv/Aids, Lawrence O. Gostin

Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works

There have been dramatic advances in the treatment of HIV/AIDS. Whereas HIV was once a dire diagnosis, today it is treatable, and individuals who receive early and consistent treatment can expect to live a normal lifespan. Why has the scientific community made the same strides with mental illness? When I was the Legal Director of the National Association of Mental Health in the United Kingdom in the 1980s, major mental illnesses were primarily treated with powerful antipsychotics, such as haloperidol, that carried the debilitating side effects of tardive dyskinesia—involuntary movements of the tongue, lips, face, trunk, and extremities. When I …

Predictors Of Condom Use Among Middle-Income, African American Women, Yvonne Maire Reed

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Abstract

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immune deficiency syndrome

(AIDS) continue to be a major public health threat, not only within the United States but

also on a global scale. Within the U.S. heterosexual population, African Americans

(AAs) continue to bear the greatest burden of new HIV infections. Additionally,

HIV/AIDS interventions have focused on low-income AA women, virtually ignoring

their middle-class counterparts who may be subject to the same sexual risks. The purpose of this quantitative, cross-sectional study was to determine whether if there was an association between the 5 constructs of the Health Belief Model (HBM) and …

Effects Of Synthetic Blood Plasma On Calcium Dependent Dimerization Of Ncad12, Brent Treadway

Honors Theses

Neural Cadherin (NCAD) is one of three Type 1 vertebral classical cadherins that function as the primary transmembrane component in cell-to-cell interactions at adherens junctions. Adhesive interactions mediated by this protein are calcium dependent with three calcium-binding sites between each of its five extracellular domains. NCAD is very important in many cell-to-cell interactions because of its function in development and in immune and neurological synapses. Generally, in vitro studies of calcium dependent dimerization of NCAD are conducted in a nonphysiological buffer (NaCl + HEPES: SEC buffer). In order to study dimerization in more physiologically relevant conditions, I created a synthetic …

Quantitative Assessment Of Bullet Fragments In Viscera Of Sheep Carcasses As Surrogates For White-Tailed Deer, Luis Cruz-Martinez, Marrett D. Grund, Patrick T. Redig

Human–Wildlife Interactions

Avian scavengers, such as bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus), can be exposed to lead through the consumption of spent lead from ammunition in carcasses of animals shot with lead-based projectiles. Few studies have examined the degree of bullet fragmentation in viscera (offal) of game mammals. Our objective was to quantify the number of bullet fragments deposited in sheep carcasses shot with different types of lead and lead-free, high-velocity centerfire rifle bullets and with lead projectiles fired from shotguns and muzzleloader rifles marketed for hunting white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). We hypothesized that after controlling for velocity, angle of …

Mass Fatality Incidents And The Role Of The Dental Hygienist: Are We Prepared?, Tara L. Newcomb, Ann M. Bruhn, Bridget Giles

Dental Hygiene Faculty Publications

Dental hygienists can fill critical roles during mass fatality incidents in the area of disaster victim identification, providing much needed support to forensic odontologists. The purpose of this paper is to bring awareness that research is needed to assess current dental hygiene programs, continuing education opportunities and the type of approach being used to develop and implement pedagogy in the forensic specialty area, specifically mass fatality preparedness and response for the dental hygienist. Because of the threat of terrorism in the U.S. and natural disasters like hurricanes, the need to prepare dental professionals in disaster response and fatality management is …

Variation In Microbiome Composition And Stability For A Vancomycin Treated Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis Patient With Ulcerative Colitis Compared With Controls, Alanna Dubrovsky

Biological Sciences

The bacterial composition of the human intestines contributes to much more than just digestion. In the inflammatory, autoimmune conditions primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) and ulcerative colitis (UC), the microbiome may be, in some cases, a factor. To gain a better understanding of the composition and stability of the microbiome in a patient treated with vancomycin for PSC, terminal restriction fragment (TRF) analysis was performed on 13 controls and 1 patient, and 16s rRNA microbiome composition analysis was performed on 1 patient and 3 controls. Results showed similar levels of stability, with surprising differences in composition.

The Ethics Of Food, Fuel & Feed, Brian G. Henning

Philosophy Faculty Scholarship

As the collective impact of human activity approaches Earth's biophysical limits, the ethics of food become increasingly important. Hundreds of millions of people remain undernourished, yet only 60 percent of the global harvest is consumed by humans, while 35 percent is fed to livestock and 5 percent is used for biofuels and other industrial products. This essay considers the ethics of such use of edible nutrition for feedstock and biofuel. How humanity uses Earth's land is a reflection of its values. The current land-use arrangements, which divert 40 percent of all food to feed animals or create fuels, suggest that …

Biological Synthesis Of Silver Nanoparticles And Evaluation Of Antibacterial And Antifungal Properties Of Silver And Copper Nanoparticles, Azam Jafari, Latifeh Pourakbar, Khalil Farhadi, Lida Mohammad Gholizad, Yobert Goosta

Turkish Journal of Biology

There is increasing attention being paid to metallic nanoparticles because of their intensive applications in different areas of science such as medicine, chemistry, agriculture, and biotechnology. In addition, there has been growing interest in using environmentally friendly methods of synthesizing nanoparticles without making or using substances risky to the environment and human health. Biological methods for the synthesis of nanoparticles have been considered as possible ecofriendly alternatives to chemical synthesis. In the present study, biosynthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles (SNPs) using marshmallow flower (Althaea officinalis L.), thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.), and pennyroyal (Mentha pulegium L.) leaf extracts is reported …

S. Cerevisiae $\Beta$-Glucan Reduced Viability Of Mouse Hepatoma Cells In Vitro, Artur Javmen, Ausra Nemeikaite-Ceniene, Saulius Grigiskis, Irena Jonauskiene, Mark Rudenkov, Darius Kacianauskas, Mykolas Mauricas

Turkish Journal of Biology

$\beta$-Glucan is a natural polymer, which is widely studied due to its multiple immunomodulatory properties. In addition, recent findings indicate potent antitumor properties of $\beta$-glucan. Saccharomyces cerevisiae, baker's yeast, is one of the commonly used sources of $\beta$-1,3-glucan. The aim of this work was to investigate S. cerevisiae $\beta$-glucan immunomodulatory activity against cancer cells.In our experiments, BALB/c mice were fed with insoluble whole $\beta$-glucan particles, and then their blood was collected for experiments. MH-22a hepatoma cells were treated with the blood of mice fed with $\beta$-glucan, and tumor cell viability was investigated after the treatment.The obtained results demonstrated that leukocytes …

The Harm Principle At Play: How The Animal Welfare Act Fails To Protect Animals Adequately, Proshanti Banerjee

University of Maryland Law Journal of Race, Religion, Gender and Class

No abstract provided.

Efficacy In Emergency Legal Preparedness Underlying The 2014 Ebola Outbreak, James G. Hodge Jr., Leila Barraza, Kim Weidenaar, Alicia Corbett, Gregory Measer, Asha M. Agrawal

Texas A&M Law Review

From its relative obscurity over the past three decades, Ebola viral disease (“EVD”) emerged as a substantial global biothreat in 2014 and 2015. The current outbreak of varied strains of Ebola, beginning in March 2014 in Guinea, is projected to impact hundreds of thousands of people over months, years, or even indefinitely. As of October 31, 2014, the spread of EVD was concentrated in several Af- rican countries (e.g., Sierra Leone, Liberia, Guinea, and an unrelated outbreak in Democratic Republic of Congo), with limited additional cases in Nigeria, Senegal, and Mali. Over 2,700 people are known to have died from …

Emerging Biotechnologies And The 1972 Biological Weapons Convention: Can It Keep Up With The Biotechnology Revolution?, Victoria Sutton

Texas A&M Law Review

In light of the quandaries presented by domestic law, has the Biological Weapons Convention of 1972 (“BWC”) also been so outpaced by the technologies that it is no longer effective and meaningful in international law? Part II will examine the continuum of official actions that have attempted to keep pace with the growing biotechnologies that may present threats to global biosecurity through interpreting the BWC. Part III looks at how these definitions may not be sufficient. Finally, Part IV looks at other mechanisms that may provide a better way of controlling biological weapons than redefining the technologies through the current …

A Religious Right To Discriminate: Hobby Lobby And “Religious Freedom” As A Threat To The Lgbt Community, Travis Gasper

Texas A&M Law Review

The Supreme Court in its 2014 decision in Burwell v. Hobby Lobby broadly expanded so-called religious freedom protections in the Religious Freedom Restoration Act (“RFRA”) by striking down a provision of the Affordable Care Act requiring employers to provide health insurance coverage for certain methods of contraception. In doing so, the Court opened the floodgates for employers to claim an exemption based upon any “sincerely held” religious belief. Without inquiry into the sincerity of that belief, businesses and corporations are free to adopt or assert beliefs that could lead to increased discrimination against employees. This is especially troublesome for marginalized …

More On Neutrosophic Soft Rough Sets And Its Modification, Emad Marei

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

No abstract provided.

Treating Hepatitis C In American Indians/Alaskan Natives: A Survey Of Project Echo(®) (Extension For Community Healthcare Outcomes) Utilization By Indian Health Service Providers., Talia Pindyck, Summers Kalishman, Lainey Flatow-Trujillo, Karla Thornton

Project ECHO Bibliography

BACKGROUND: American Indians/Alaskan Natives have a high mortality associated with hepatitis C virus, yet treatment rates are low. The ECHO (Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes) model(™), a videoconferencing technology for primary care providers, is underutilized at Indian Health Service facilities.

PURPOSE: To ascertain Indian Health Service providers' benefit of and barriers to utilizing hepatitis C virus TeleECHO clinics.

METHODS: We electronically sent an Active Participant Survey to Indian Health Service providers utilizing hepatitis C virus TeleECHO clinic and a Non-Participant Survey to other Indian Health Service providers interested in this clinic.

RESULTS: In total, 100% of Active Participant Survey respondents …

Unm Health Sciences Center Data Book 2014-15, University Of New Mexico - Health Sciences Center

Health Sciences Center Databook (1990-ongoing)

No abstract provided.