Digital Commons Network^™

Fundamentals Of Watershed Hydrology, Pamela J. Edwards, Karl W.J. Williard, Jon E. Schoonover

Journal of Contemporary Water Research and Education

This is a primer about hydrology, the science of water. Watersheds are the basic land unit for water resource management and their delineation, importance, and variation are explained and illustrated. The hydrologic cycle and its components (precipitation, evaporation, transpiration, soil water, groundwater, and streamflow) which collectively provide a foundation for how landscapes and water interact are discussed at length. Important hydrologic concepts and methods are described in detail but primarily within the context of forested watersheds since most of the nation's fresh water originates from forest lands. The contents of this paper are designed to provide fundamental hydrologic principles to …

N-Acetylglucosamine Regulates Virulence Properties In Microbial Pathogens, Shamoon Naseem, James B. Konopka

Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology Faculty Publications

There is growing evidence that the sugar N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) plays diverse roles in cell signaling pathways that impact the virulence properties of microbes and host cells. GlcNAc is already well known as a ubiquitous structural component at the cell surface that forms part of bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan, cell wall chitin in fungi and parasites, and extracellular matrix glycosaminoglycans of animal cells. Chitin and peptidoglycan have been previously linked to cell signaling as they can stimulate responses in plant and animal host cells [1–3]. Recent studies now indicate that GlcNAc released from these polymers can also …

Des And The Identification Problem, Barry S. Roberts, Charles F. Royster

Akron Law Review

This article will examine the history of this drug, how it was used and regulated as well as the subsequent legal turmoil and the proffered resolutions to the quandary. The impact of these theories and of proposals to "further strengthen product liability laws as a substitute for direct government intervention"' will also be studied.

Right To Privacy; Removal Of Life-Support Systems; Leach V. Akron General Medical Center, Stephanie Zembar

Akron Law Review

The decision in Leach v. Akron General Medical Center, marked Summit County's acceptance of the trend allowing the removal of life support systems from an incompetent terminally ill patient. Technological advancements have enabled the medical profession to maintain a person indefinitely in a chronic vegetative state. These advancements have blurred traditional definitions of death and have raised legal, medical and ethical questions to be resolved within our court system. The Leach case was one of first impression in Ohio, and the decision should aid in establishing a framework from which members of the legal and medical professions, as well …

Lawgical: Jurisprudential And Logical Considerations, John P. Finan

Akron Law Review

Such "creative" statutory construction is familiar to anyone who reads appellate decisions. Whatever one's views on so-called strict construction, one must recognize that in the actual working of law, this type of creative interpretation is prevalent. One who designs a computer system to do some aspects of legal analysis must take into consideration the creative dimension of the judge's role. Otherwise the computer will "calculate legal results" which are literally correct but faithless to the law as it is actually interpreted. It would be easy to design a system to draw legal inferences if one accepted a mechanical, slot machine …

July 29, 2015: The Power Of Choice, Bruce Ledewitz

Hallowed Secularism

Blog post, “The Power of Choice“ discusses politics, theology and the law in relation to religion and public life in the democratic United States of America.

Learning Journeys Promote Success, Retention, July 29, 2015, University Of South Florida St. Petersburg Office Of University Advancement.

USF St. Petersburg Campus News and Press Releases

No abstract provided.

Benefit Corporations: Increased Oversight Through Creation Of The Benefit Corporation Commission, Thomas J. White Iii

Journal of Legislation

Traditional for-profit and nonprofit corporate forms do not provide the appropriate framework for an organization pursuing both profits and social responsibility. In response, state legislatures have begun to take initiative by offering new business forms to accommodate for an increased demand in social responsibility. These hybrid forms seek to offer an organization the optimal platform by which to meet their dynamic goals. This Note will analyze the recently popular hybrid form of a benefit corporation. Further, this Note will dissect the Model Benefit Corporation Legislation and explain how benefit corporations provide a solution to the theory of shareholder wealth maximization. …

Adam Smith: Homo Socialis, Yes; Social Preferences, No; Reciprocity Was To Be Explained, Vernon L. Smith

Economics Faculty Articles and Research

I argue that the authors accept too casually the neo-classical framework of thought that was incapable of predicting choices in 2-person and other experimental games in the 1980s and 1990ss. The ex post hoc hypothesis that social preference can describe homo socialis reduces inevitably to a rescue of neo-classical economics in which Max-U (own payoff, other payoff) substitutes mechanically for Max-U (own payoff) in our personal groupings. This static procedure unnecessarily and inappropriately robs human conduct of its sociality as a process relationship. The model I articulate was masterfully developed by Adam Smith, which back-predicts the results of these earlier …

The Daily Gamecock, Wednesday, July 29, 2015, University Of South Carolina, Office Of Student Media

July

No abstract provided.

Geospatial Resolution Of Human And Bacterial Diversity With City-Scale Metagenomics, Ebrahim Afshinnekoo, Cem Meydan, Shanin Chowdhury, Dyala Jaroudi, Collin Boyer, Nick Bernstein, Julia M. Maritz, Darryl Reeves, Jorge Gandara, Sagar Chhangawala, Sofia Ahsanuddin, Amber Simmons, Timothy Nessel, Bharathi Sundaresh, Elizabeth Pereira, Ellen Jorgensen, Sergios-Orestis Kolokotronis, Nell Kirchberger, Isaac Garcia, David Gandara, Sean Dhanraj, Tanzina Nawrin, Yogesh Saletore, Noah Alexander, Priyanka Vijay, Elizabeth M. Hénaff, Paul Zumbo, Michael Walsh, Gregory D. O'Mullan, Scott Tighe, Joel T. Dudley, Anya Dunaif, Sean Ennis, Eoghan O'Halloran, Tiago R. Magalhaes, Braden Boone, Angela L. Jones, Theodore R. Muth, Katie Schneider Paolantonio, Elizabeth Alter, Eric E. Schadt, Jeanne Garbarino, Robert J. Prill, Jane M. Carlton, Shawn Levy, Christopher E. Mason

Publications and Research

The panoply of microorganisms and other species present in our environment influence human health and disease, especially in cities, but have not been profiled with metagenomics at a city-wide scale. We sequenced DNA from surfaces across the entire New York City (NYC) subway system, the Gowanus Canal, and public parks. Nearly half of the DNA (48%) does not match any known organism; identified organisms spanned 1,688 bacterial, viral, archaeal, and eukaryotic taxa, which were enriched for harmless genera associated with skin (e.g., Acinetobacter). Predicted ancestry of human DNA left on subway surfaces can recapitulate U.S. Census demographic data, and bacterial …

Reversal Of Aging-Related Neuronal Ca2+ Dysregulation And Cognitive Impairment By Delivery Of A Transgene Encoding Fk506-Binding Protein 12.6/1b To The Hippocampus, John C. Gant, Kuey-Chu Chen, Inga Kadish, Eric M. Blalock, Olivier Thibault, Nada M. Porter, Philip W. Landfield

Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences Faculty Publications

Brain Ca(2+) regulatory processes are altered during aging, disrupting neuronal, and cognitive functions. In hippocampal pyramidal neurons, the Ca(2+)-dependent slow afterhyperpolarization (sAHP) exhibits an increase with aging, which correlates with memory impairment. The increased sAHP results from elevated L-type Ca(2+) channel activity and ryanodine receptor (RyR)-mediated Ca(2+) release, but underlying molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. Previously, we found that expression of the gene encoding FK506-binding protein 12.6/1b (FKBP1b), a small immunophilin that stabilizes RyR-mediated Ca(2+) release in cardiomyocytes, declines in hippocampus of aged rats and Alzheimer's disease subjects. Additionally, knockdown/disruption of hippocampal FKBP1b in young rats augments neuronal Ca(2+) responses. …

A Structurally-Tunable 3-Hydroxyflavone Motif For Visible Light-Induced Carbon Monoxide-Releasing Molecules (Corms), Stacey N. Anderson, Jason M. Richards, Hector J. Esquer, Abby D. Benninghoff, Atta M. Arif, Lisa M. Berreau

Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Publications

Molecules that can be used to deliver a controlled amount of carbon monoxide (CO) have the potential to facilitate investigations into the roles of this gaseous molecule in biology and advance therapeutic treatments. This has led to the development of light-induced CO-releasing molecules (photoCORMs). A goal in this field of research is the development of molecules that exhibit a combination of controlled CO release, favorable biological properties (e.g., low toxicity and trackability in cells), and structural tunability to affect CO release. Herein, we report a new biologically-inspired organic photoCORM motif that exhibits several features that are desirable in a next-generation …

Nanotechnology And The Future Of The Law Of Weaponry, Hitoshi Nasu

International Law Studies

Novel applications of nanotechnology for military purposes are expected to have a transformative impact on the way in which wars can be fought in the future battlespace, with the potential to drive changes to the law of weaponry. This article considers the potential of military applications of nanotechnology to bring changes to the existing principles and rules of weapons law. It specifically focuses on the likelihood that more sophisticated, miniaturized and tailored weapons and weapon systems will be produced that enable mechanical precision of targeting with no or few civilian casualties.

Volume 52, Number 50: July 29, 2015, University Of North Dakota

University Letter Archive

No abstract provided.

The Murray Ledger And Times, July 29, 2015, The Murray Ledger And Times

The Murray Ledger & Times

No abstract provided.

An Empirical And Theoretical Comparison Of The Socio-Ecological Behaviors Of Captive Chimpanzees (Pan Troglodytes), Bonobos (Pan Paniscus), And Western Lowland Gorillas (Gorilla Gorilla): Social Tolerance And Behavioral Responses To Changes In Food Quality And Distribution, Scott C. Milne

Master of Science in Integrative Biology Theses

Chimpanzees and gorillas are sympatric in most of their range in Central Africa, however, bonobos do not overlap with either of the other two species. This difference has been hypothesized to be the main factor leading to the socio-ecological traits of each species. Access to, and competition for, terrestrial herbaceous vegetation (THV) in each of the three species in thought to be linked to the social relationships and female-female bonds of each species. This study sought to provide a direct comparison of the social relationships of each of the three African Great Apes in captivity in order to elucidate similarities …

On The Mechanism By Which Dietary Nitrate Improves Human Skeletal Muscle Function, Charles Affourtit, Stephen J. Bailey, Andrew M. Jones, Miranda J. Smallwood, Paul G. Winyard

School of Biomedical Sciences

No abstract provided.

Abq Free Press, July 29, 2015, Abq Free Press

ABQ Free Press

No abstract provided.

E-Brock Bugs©: An Epistemic Mathematics Computer Game, Laura Broley, Chantal Buteau, Eric Muller

Journal of Humanistic Mathematics

Devlin in [7] argues that video games are an ideal medium for the teaching and learning of mathematics, though he points out that very few ’good’ mathematics video games exist. Building on a probabilistic board game developed in the 1980s, we created a mathematics computer game, E-Brock Bugs. The design of the game carefully follows Devlin’s principles of a good mathematics video game, including a well-developed storyline, the selection of an in-game avatar, and an environment where mathematics arises in a natural and meaningful way. As a result, we argue that E-Brock Bugs is an epistemic computer game [1]; …

Women Councilors For Women's Empowerment In Pakistan, Iqtidar Ali Shah, Arshad Aziz, M. Shakil Ahmad

Journal of International Women's Studies

There are considerable disparities between the status of men and women in Pakistan. In Global Gender Gap Report 2014, Pakistan is ranked at 141 among 142 countries of the world and the overall gender gap calculated is 44.78%. Pakistan occupies the last place in the regional ranking of gender gap. In order to reduce this gap, empower women and reduce poverty, the government of Pakistan has adopted various social, economic, legal and political strategies and policies. The reservation of 33% seats for women at union council (village level), tehsil council (sub-district level) and district council level under the new local …

Textually Mediated Labour Activism: An Examination Of The Ladies Auxiliary Of The Canadian Mine Mill & Smelter Workers Union, 1940s-1960s, Elizabeth Quinlan, Andrea Quinlan

Journal of International Women's Studies

This paper examines the activism of the Ladies Auxiliary of the Mine Mill and Smelter Workers Union – Canada (MMSW) in the 1940s and 1950s. Drawing on Institutional Ethnography (IE), this paper examines the work of individual MMSW Auxiliary locals across Canada and the ways in which localized political action was coordinated through texts. The paper focuses on how Ladies Auxiliary locals activated two kinds of texts, the MMSW Ladies Auxiliary (LA) Constitution and the district and national Auxiliary newsletters, and examines how these texts coordinated Ladies Auxiliary members’ union work. The paper reveals the political organizing efforts of the …

Prostitution In Thailand: Representations In Fiction And Narrative Non-Fiction, Lisa Lines

Journal of International Women's Studies

This paper explores problematic Western approaches to women working as prostitutes within the ‘sex tourism’ industry in Thailand through an examination of how their situation is portrayed in the various English-language fiction and non-fiction narratives written on this topic. The first half of this study focuses on the context, practices and working conditions of the Thai sex tourism industry. This is then used as the lens through which to analyse the approaches to Thai sex tourism in Western mainstream literature.

Four books were analysed for their depiction of Thai prostitutes, with a focus on the plots, themes and characterisations of …

Mammalian Records From Southwestern Kansas And Northwestern Oklahoma, Including The First Record Of Crawford’S Desert Shrew (Notiosorex Crawfordi) From Kansas, Cody A. Dreier, Keith Geluso, Jennifer D. Frisch, Brittney N. Adams, Alyx R. Lingenfelter, Anthony E. Bridger, Patricia Freeman, Cliff Lemen, Jeremy A. White, Brett R. Andersen, Hans W. Otto, Curtis J. Schmidt

School of Natural Resources: Faculty Publications

Mammalian distributions are constantly changing. Some distributional shifts reflect habitat change, climate change, and human transplantations; thus, such shifts are due to actual expansions or contractions of populations. However, other species ranges that appear to shift as the result of new records being added to known distributional limits actually might reflect populations that previously were undetected due to a lack of past surveys or species that are difficult to detect. In 2013, multiple techniques were employed to document mammalian distributional records in southwestern Kansas and northwestern Oklahoma. We discovered three new county records in Morton County, Kansas (Crawford’s Desert Shrew, …

Attracting Songbirds With Conspecific Playback: A Community Approach, Leanna N. Dejong, Samuel D. Cowell, Thuy Nhi Nguyen, Darren S. Proppe

University Faculty Publications and Creative Works

The presence of conspecifics is an indicator of good habitat for a number of songbird species; a cue positively associated with territory selection. Thus, conspecific playback may be a cost-effective tool for attracting songbirds to particular, preselected sites of high-quality habitat. Previous studies have used conspecific playback to encourage the establishment of a single species; however, few have researched the potential for the simultaneous attraction of multiple species. Furthermore, empirical studies on the effect of song playback for nonfocal species are sparse. We investigated whether 6 migratory songbird species are more likely to establish nesting territories in response to multispecies …

Patent No. Us 9,090,589 B2: Specific Nnos Inhibitors For The Therapy And Prevention Of Human Melanoma, Richard B. Silverman, Frank L. Meyskens Jr., Sun Yang, Haitao Ji, Fengtian Xue, Thomas L. Poulos

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Methods for melanoma treatment and prevention with selective nitric oxide synthase inhibitor compounds and related pharmaceutical compositions, alone or in conjunction with one or more other melanoma therapies.

Phytochrome Diversity In Green Plants And The Origin Of Canonical Plant Phytochromes, Fay Wei Li, Michael Melkonian, Carl J. Rothfels, Juan Carlos Villarreal, Dennis W. Stevenson, Sean W. Graham, Gane Ka Shu Wong, Kathleen M. Pryer, Sarah Mathews

Faculty Publications

© 2015 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved. Phytochromes are red/far-red photoreceptors that play essential roles in diverse plant morphogenetic and physiological responses to light. Despite their functional significance, phytochrome diversity and evolution across photosynthetic eukaryotes remain poorly understood. Using newly available transcriptomic and genomic data we show that canonical plant phytochromes originated in a common ancestor of streptophytes (charophyte algae and land plants). Phytochromes in charophyte algae are structurally diverse, including canonical and non-canonical forms, whereas in land plants, phytochrome structure is highly conserved. Liverworts, hornworts and Selaginella apparently possess a single phytochrome, whereas independent gene duplications occurred within …

The Phytoene Synthase Gene Family Of Apple (Malus X Domestica) And Its Role In Controlling Fruit Carotenoid Content, Charles Ampomah-Dwamena, Nicky Driedonks, David Lewis, Maria Shumskaya, Xiuyin Chen, Eleanore T. Wurtzel, Richard V. Espley, Andrew C. Allan

Publications and Research

Background Carotenoid compounds play essential roles in plants such as protecting the photosynthetic apparatus and in hormone signalling. Coloured carotenoids provide yellow, orange and red colour to plant tissues, as well as offering nutritional benefit to humans and animals. The enzyme phytoene synthase (PSY) catalyses the first committed step of the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway and has been associated with control of pathway flux. We characterised four PSY genes found in the apple genome to further understand their involvement in fruit carotenoid accumulation. Results The apple PSY gene family, containing six members, was predicted to have three functional members, PSY1, PSY2, …

Maybe I Could Use This Again! Two Ideal Labs Introducing Instrumentation, Sean Bryant, William B. Laing Iii

Faculty Works

Physics lab students are introduced to custom instrumentation using Arduino-like microcontrollers which have allowed us to implement two labs of particular utility for life-science majors. Constructing a fluid circuit using the sponge-resistor model, flow sensors and an LCD display show the current through each section of pipe. The instrument can simultaneously measure and record 18 voltages, which enables us to record high-frequency “snap shots” of a signal generated on an RC-circuit model of an axon. The IDEAL lab collaboration is developing labs that are open, applied to life, and rigorously quantitative.

Correction Of Precursor And Product Ion Relative Abundances To Standardize Cid Spectra And Improve Ecom50 Accuracy For Non-Targeted Metabolomics, Ritvik Dubey

Master's Theses

No abstract provided.