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Less Is More: Long-Term In Vitro Exposure To Low Levels Of Silver Nanoparticles Provides New Insights For Nanomaterial Evaluation, Kristen K. Comfort, Laura K. Braydich-Stolle, Elizabeth I. Maurer, Saber M. Hussain

Chemical and Materials Engineering Faculty Publications

In view of the vast number of new nanomaterials (NMs) that require testing and the constraints associated with animal models, the majority of studies to elucidate nanotoxicological effects have occurred in vitro, with limited correlation and applicability to in vivo systems and realistic, occupational exposure scenarios.

In this study, we developed and implemented a chronic in vitromodel coupled with lower, regulatory dosages in order to provide a more realistic assessment of NM-dependent consequences and illuminate the implications of long-term NM exposure. When keratinocytes were exposed to 50 nm silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs), we determined that chronically dosed cells operated …

Neural Plasticity Following Ischemia, Shira Brickman

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

Neural plasticity refers to the ability of one’s brain to change its structure and/or function in response to changes in behavior, environment, and neural processes. When a person suffers an ischemic brain injury, it often leads to hemisyndrome with motor and sensory deficits in the arm, leg, and face of one side. This article discusses the various ways that the existing network can be restructured and neuronal connections can be remodeled after the injury to enable partial or complete recovery of motor function. Spontaneous functional recovery after stroke develops through the overlapping sequence of events including a phase of axonal …

The Grapefruit Juice Effect, Rebecca Leitner

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

A drug interaction is the effect that a substance can have when taken together with a drug. Grapefruit juice has proven to be a source of interaction with many drugs, causing increased bioavailability, leading to possible toxicity and increased instances of side effects. This paper discusses the mechanisms of the interaction and the components of grapefruit juice responsible for the interaction, as well as two classes of drugs that are affected, calcium channel antagonists and HMGCoA reductase inhibitors, and possible ways to avoid the interaction. The mechanisms are inhibition of the enzyme cytochrome P-450 3A4 (CYP3A4) and the transport molecule …

Environmental Factors And Progressive Myopia: A Global Health Problem, Jeffrey Weissman

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

Myopia, or nearsightedness, is a refractive error whose prevalence has increased over the past three decades, leading to a growing concern and interest among both the public and scientific communities. For years, the only explanation and basis for myopia has been genetic factors. However, the genetic model does not explain the dramatic increase in prevalence. Current research suggests that the increase is also due to environmental factors, such as fewer hours of outdoor activities, early educational pressures requiring intense close work, as well as a lack of exposure to sunlight. One study compared the prevalence and risk factors for myopia …

Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome: Pathophysiology And Possible Treatments, Pearl Hersh

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

Named after the two scientists who independently described the condition, Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome (HGPS) occurs due to a mutation in the LMNA gene that codes for Lamin A, a filament protein that acts to form the nuclear lamina in the cell nucleus. This mutation is a single C-to-T substitution at nucleotide 1824 of the LMNA gene. As a result of this mutation, an abnormal protein named 'progerin' is synthesized instead of Lamin A, causing the nuclear membrane to be malformed. Since protein farnesylation is needed to target progerin to the nuclear rim, farnesyltransferase inhibitor has been proposed as a form …

Apoptotic Neurodegeneration In The Developing Human Brain: Possible Role Of General Anesthetics In Its Genesis, And Of L-Carnitine In Its Reversal, Yisroel Yitzchok Rosenfeld

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

Recent studies suggest that general anesthetic (GA) agents administered to developing rats, through its mechanism as an NMDA antagonist or a GABAa mimetic, may damage developing neural cells by inducing a higher rate of programmed cell death (apoptosis). Similar heightened degeneration was also apparent in higher primates such as the monkey. This warrants strong concern, as every year thousands of pregnant women and children below 1 year of age undergo a surgical procedure in which GAs are used. A spike in neuroapoptosis may lead to long term cognitive deficiencies lingering into adulthood. Are humans vulnerable to these affects? Different pathways …

Stem Cells As A Cure For Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Chaya K. Hirsch

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal motor neuron disease which affects approximately 30,000 Americans at any given time (alsa.org, 2010). The etiology of this terminal disease unfortunately remains an unsolved mystery and has therefore severely limited the ability to find a cure. The use of stem cells to regenerate neurons has been vastly studied and have produced very promising results. However, its practicality as a cure or treatment for neurodegenerative diseases, such as ALS, is greatly compromised. Three different therapies involving stem cells were examined, Embryonic Stem Cells (ESC), induced pluripotent stem cells, (iPSC) and direct reprogramming of adult …

The Viability Of Organ Printing, Estie Schick

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

Organ printing is an emerging technology that can potentially replace the need for human organ transplants altogether. Organ printing uses bioprinting methods to create three-dimensional biological constructs. Although it has not yet been implemented successfully, with nearly two decades of research devoted to this area, much progress has been made. This article outlines the various aspects of the organ printing process, describes both the accomplishments and challenges of bioprinting, and discusses the feasibility of bioprinting as a viable method for organ replacement.

Biomarkers In Nsclc Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Mutations, Suzanne Freidman

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

Lung Cancer is the most common global cause of cancer related deaths in men and women (Markus, Alain, 2013). As standard radiation and chemotherapy have proved ineffective, novel target therapies are in the midst of development. This review will analyze the success of the inhibitor drugs targeting the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) mutation, commonly found amongst Lung Cancer patients. Numerous studies and reviews are utilized to determine the cause of the 10% success rate currently exhibited for these drugs. The L858R and E746-A750 point mutations and deletions respectively, were found prevalent in responsive patients as well as clinical-pathological features …

Prosopagnosia, Leah Fleischman

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

Prosopagnosia is a cognitive disorder that affects one’s ability to recognize faces. Prosopagnosia can be caused by a congenital defect, or it can be acquired as a result of brain damage. Much research has been devoted to discovering the specific causes and effects of Prosopagnosia. Many case studies have been performed in order to determine the specific effects that each case of Prosopagnosia causes for various individuals suffering from the disease. This article discusses the various aspects of Prosopagnosia; specifically focusing on the behavioral, anatomical, and neurological implications

The Hormones Of The Placenta, Shaya Oratz

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

The human pregnancy begins with fertilization and implantation. As the embryo evolves and develops within the uterus of the mother, the placenta is formed. The placenta is a transient organ that develops to meet and accommodate specific needs during pregnancy. Its two major functions are the exchange of nutrients and gases between the mother and fetus and its role as an endocrine unit. Through the production and release of many hormones the placenta works to regulate the many necessary physiological changes in the mother in order to maintain the pregnancy, meet the needs of the developing fetus and prepare the …

How Does Spaceflight Affect The Human Body?, Sara Dina Feinzeig

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

Spaceflight can impact just about every organ of the human body. The launch into space increases gravitational forces, which may decrease consciousness. Once subjected to the microgravity of outer space, the constant mechanical stress exerted on the body from Earth’s gravity decreases enormously, causing bone degeneration to occur. Calcium, a major component of bone is excreted in very high amounts, often leading to the formation of calcium kidney stones. Astronauts perform weight bearing exercise, take osteoporosis drugs and calcium and vitamin D supplements in order to combat bone loss. The vertebrae of the spine are also impacted by the lack …

The Rollamo 2014, Missouri University Of Science And Technology

Yearbooks

No abstract provided.

Effect Of Curcumin On Tnf-Α-Induced Cyclooxygenase-2 Gene Expression And Prostaglandin E2 Synthesis In Bone Marrow Stromal Cell Line, Varittha Thongtan

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of curcumin on TNF-α-induced expression of COX-2 and PGE2 synthesis in mouse ST2 bone marrow-derived stromal cells. ST2 cells were treated with TNF-α to determine the optimum concentration and treatment duration for inducing COX-2 expression. Then, ST2 cells were treated with TNF-α in the absence or presence of various concentration of curcumin. COX-2 expression was determined using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and PGE2 level in culture medium was measured using ELISA. TNF-α at concentrations of 1-50 ng/mL significantly increased COX-2 expression, with the maximum induction at 20 ng/mL. The …

ความแข็งแรงยึดติดแบบเฉือนระดับจุลภาคของสารยึดติดระบบยูนิเวอร์แซลต่อเนื้อฟันน้ำนม, เบญจพร ธนรติกุล

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

วัตถุประสงค์ เพื่อประเมินค่าความแข็งแรงยึดติดแบบเฉือนระดับจุลภาคของสารเรซินคอมโพสิตต่อเนื้อฟันน้ำนมเมื่อนำสารยูนิเวอร์แซลแอดฮีซีฟมาใช้ในวิธีการของเอทช์แอนด์รินซ์และเซลฟ์เอทช์ วัสดุและวิธีการ ฟันหน้าตัดน้ำนมของมนุษย์จำนวน 40 ซี่ นำมาขัดผิวด้านริมฝีปากเพื่อให้เกิดพื้นที่เรียบของผิวเนื้อฟัน แบ่งกลุ่มอย่างสุ่มออกเป็น 4 กลุ่ม กลุ่มละ 10 ซี่ ตามชนิดและวิธีการใช้งานของสารยึดติด คือ สารแอดเพอร์ซิงเกิลบอนด์ทู (เอทช์แอนด์รินซ์แบบสองขั้นตอน) สารเคลียร์ฟิลเอสอีบอนด์ (เซลฟ์เอทช์แบบสองขั้นตอน) และสารซิงเกิลบอนด์ยูนิเวอร์แซล (เอทช์แอนด์รินซ์แบบสองขั้นตอนและเซลฟ์เอทช์แบบหนึ่งขั้นตอน) โดยฟันแต่ละซี่จะทำการยึดติดและอุดด้วยวัสดุเรซินคอมโพสิตตามคำแนะนำการใช้งานของบริษัทผู้ผลิต นำชิ้นงานที่ได้ไปแช่ในน้ำกลั่นที่อุณหภูมิ 37 องศาเซลเซียส เป็นเวลา 24 ชั่วโมง แล้วจึงนำมาทดสอบความแข็งแรงแบบเฉือนระดับจุลภาคที่ความเร็วหัวกด 1 มิลลิเมตรต่อนาทีจนเกิดการแตกหัก แล้วทำการตรวจสอบลักษณะความล้มเหลวในการยึดติดด้วยกล้องจุลทรรศน์อิเล็กตรอนแบบส่องกราด ผลการทดลอง สารแอดเพอร์ซิงเกิลบอนด์ทูมีค่าความแข็งแรงยึดติดเฉลี่ย (19.1 ± 3.4 เมกะพาสคาล) น้อยกว่าสารซิงเกิลบอนด์ยูนิเวอร์แซลที่นำมาใช้ในวิธีการของเอทช์แอนด์รินซ์ (24.3 ± 2.7 เมกะพาสคาล) อย่างมีนัยสำคัญ แต่เมื่อเปรียบเทียบการใช้งานในระบบเซลฟ์เอทช์ พบว่าสารเคลียร์ฟิลเอสอีบอนด์และสารซิงเกิลบอนด์ยูนิเวอร์แซลให้ค่าความแข็งแรงยึดติดแบบเฉือนระดับจุลภาคไม่แตกต่างกัน (25.3 ± 2.7 และ 25.1 ± 2.3 เมกะพาสคาล ตามลำดับ) ซึ่งลักษณะความล้มเหลวส่วนใหญ่ที่พบ เกิดบริเวณรอยต่อของเนื้อฟันกับสารยึดติดในทุกกลุ่มการทดลอง สรุป วิธีการใช้งานทั้งแบบเอทช์แอนด์รินซ์และเซลฟ์เอทช์ของสารซิงเกิลบอนด์ยูนิเวอร์แซลให้ค่าความแข็งแรงยึดติดที่ดีไม่ต่างกันบนผิวเนื้อฟันน้ำนม ส่วนบริเวณรอยต่อที่มีการยึดติดในแต่ละกลุ่มจะมีความแตกต่างกันไปตามค่าความเป็นกรดด่างและวิธีการการยึดติดที่ใช้

Characterization Of Bacteriophage Specific To Non-Agglutinable Vibrio Cholerae, Dulyapat Benyajirapatch

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Vibrio spp. the main bacteria found in marine shrimp can cause diseases either in shrimp or human. Using antibiotics is a first option to reduce this problem. Unfortunately, this treatment has no sufficient potential due to antibiotic resistance can occur after long term of use. Therefore, bacteriophage has become a better alternative to control Vibrio spp. in shrimp. In this study, 100 isolates of Vibrio spp. were screened and isolated from Pacific white shrimp Litopaeneus vannamei and cultured water from shrimp hatcheries and ponds. The suspected Vibrio spp. were determined and classified into 5 species including V. cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus, …

Production And Characterization Of Monoclonal Antibodies Against Listeria Monocytogenes, Korrakot Prommajan

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Listeria monocytogenes contaminated in foods is a bacteria that can cause Listeriosis in human and animals. Detection of this bacteria in food products is required in order to reduce the opportunity of infection and increases consumers’ trust on taking food safely. Diagnostic based on immunological method with monoclonal antibody (MAb) specific to pathogen is accurate and precise. The objective of this research was to produce MAbs against L. monocytogenes NCTC 11994 and EGD-e strains by immunization mice with heat-inactivated, sonicated- and SDS-mercaptoethanol treated forms. After cell fusion 21 of hybridoma were obtained. MAbs reacted crossly with some Listeria spp. and …

Preparation Of Polylactide/ Polycaprolactone/Hydroxyapatite Particles, Walaiporn Nguantanom

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

This research focused on preparation of polylactide/polycaprolactone/hydroxyapatite particles by using the solvent evaporation method. The effects of HA loadings varied in a range of 10-40 wt% and blending ratios between PLA and PCL on the size distribution, morphology, and thermal properties of the composite films were investigated. The results showed that the size distributions of the composite particles were composed of both small and large particles, depending on the HA concentration and blending ratio of PLA/PCL. The addition of HA at 10 wt% exhibited a strong influence on the size distribution of microspheres, while the PLA/PCL blend tended to produce …

Mechanical And Thermal Properties Of Polylactide/Polymeric Plasticizers, Wanlapha Apising

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

The current study focused on flexibility improvement of polylactide by using three new types of plasticizers: diethyl succinate, glycerol ethoxylate, poly(di(ethylene glycol)adipate). The plasticizer concentrations were varied depending on each type. Mechanical property of the plasticized polymers was investigated. It was found that elongation at break of the plasticized polymers was increased, whereas tensile strength and Young’s modulus were decreased. The plasticized polymer with diethyl succinate exhibited the highest elongation at break. Thermal property of the plasticized polymers containing glycerol ethoxylate yielded the lowest Tg and Tc. When the plasticizers were added, thermal property was reduced, in which the plasticized …

Combined Xenon Hydrate Formation And Freezing For Preservation Of Plant And Fruit Tissues, Thunyaboon Arunyanart

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

This research aimed to study a combined method of xenon hydrate formation and freezing (CXF) for preservation of plant and fruit tissues, and to compare CXF with the freezing alone process (FAP). The use of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technique based on proton spin-spin relaxation time (T2) of water to indicate freezing damage in plant and fruit tissues was also proposed. Due to its simple tissue composition, barley coleoptile tissue was used in this study so that xenon hydrate formation can be easily observed. Apple parenchyma tissue was used to represent edible fruit tissue. CXF includes two steps. The first …

Polydopamine As Active Templates For Fabrication Of Conductive Of Copper Line Pattern, Raweewan Thongprachan

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

In this research, copper conductive patterns were fabricated on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate by combination of spray drying of polydopamine nanoparticles, and consequently electroless plating process. The polydopamine nanoparticle ink was synthesized by self-polymerization of dopamine hydrochloride at different initial pH 8, 8.5, 9 and 10. The patterns were deposited by site-selective Cu electroless plating process on top of the PDA pattern at the controlled temperature 30 C. The effects of plating time in electroless plating and storage time were studied. Moreover, the adhesion and aspect ratio were also investigated. The conductive lines fabricated were characterized by two-point probe measurement, …

Effects Of Acemannan Deacetylation On Biological Activity Of Gingival Fibroblast, Jaroenporn Chokboribal

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Acemannan extracted from Aloe vera gel is unique in the presence of acetylated mannose residues and was reported to accelerate mice buccal wound healing. In order to assert structural and biological roles of mannose acetyl groups, high-molecular-mass DeAcAM of various DDAs were prepared by alkaline hydrolysis at 80°C for 5 min using varied concentrations of NaOH. All of the DeAcAMs are not cytotoxic to HGFs and their effects on cell proliferation and VEFG and type I collagen expressions were further investigated. In general, bioactivities of the DeAcAMs were lost to some extents upon the removal of the mannose acetyl groups …

Electrochemical, Interfacial, And Surface Studies Of The Conversion Of Carbon Dioxide To Liquid Fuels On Tin Electrodes, Jingjie Wu

Theses and Dissertations

The electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) into liquid fuels especially coupling with the intermittent renewable electricity offers a promising means of storing electricity in chemical form, which reduces the dependence on fossil fuels and mitigates the negative impact of anthropogenic CO2 emissions on the planet. Although converting CO2 to fuels is not in itself a new concept, the field has not substantially advanced in the last 30 years primarily because of the challenge of discovery of structural electrocatalysts and the development of membrane architectures for efficient collection of reactants and separation of products. An efficient catalyst for the electrochemical …

Grounding Drones: Big Brother’S Tool Box Needs Regulation Not Elimination, Melanie Reid

Richmond Journal of Law & Technology

The Ford Model A was advertised as “the latest and best” in the world in 1903 and sparked global interest to design and create better, faster, and more complex machines than had ever traveled on land. Fast forward to the 21st century and creating machines that can travel around the world’s airspace appears to be the latest fascination. Until relatively recently, only airplanes and helicopters dominated the friendly skies. But now, the public is catching on to the idea that building an aircraft is easier that one might expect. In fact, a pilot is no longer necessary. Drones, also referred …

Dictionary Of American Regional English, Ucf Libraries

Technology Fee Funded Projects

The Department of English is requesting $5,000 ($5,500 less a $500 cost share from the UCF Libraries) to purchase Dictionary of American Regional English from the prestigious Harvard University Press.

Microfluidic Electrical Sorting Of Particles Based On Shape In A Spiral Microchannel, John Dubose, Xinyu Lu, Saurin Patel, Shizhi Qian, Sang Woo Joo

Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering Faculty Publications

Shape is an intrinsic marker of cell cycle, an important factor for identifying a bioparticle, and also a useful indicator of cell state for disease diagnostics. Therefore, shape can be a specific marker in label-free particle and cell separation for various chemical and biological applications. We demonstrate in this work a continuous-flow electrical sorting of spherical and peanut-shaped particles of similar volumes in an asymmetric double-spiral microchannel. It exploits curvature-induced dielectrophoresis to focus particles to a tight stream in the first spiral without any sheath flow and subsequently displace them to shape-dependent flow paths in the second spiral without any …

Veteran's Law Symposium: Keynote Address Delivered November 8, 2013, Tim Kaine

Richmond Public Interest Law Review

U.S. Senator Tim Kaine delivered this keynote address at the 2013 Journal of Law and the Public Interest Symposium. In this transcript of his speech, Senator Kaine discusses the importance of improving service for veterans disability claims, how the changing nature of society affects military and veterans issues, fundamental questions about 21st century warfare, and concludes by answering questions form the audience.

Predictability And Nonobviousness In Patent Law After Ksr, Christopher A. Cotropia

Law Faculty Publications

In KSR International Co. v. Teleflex, Inc., the Supreme Court addressed the doctrine of nonobviousness, the ultimate question of patentability, for the first time in thirty years. In mandating a flexible approach to deciding nonobviousness, the KSR opinion introduced two predictability standards for determining nonobviousness. The Court described predictability of use (hereinafter termed "Type I predictability" )-whether the inventor used the prior art in a predictable manner to create the invention-and predictability of the result (hereinafter termed "Type II predictability")-whether the invention produced a predictable result-both as a means for proving obviousness. Although Type I predictability is easily explained as …

Understanding Melatonin Receptor Pharmacology: Latest Insights From Mouse Models, And Their Relevance To Human Disease, Gianluca Tosini, Sharon Owino, Jean Luc Guillaume, Ralf Jockers

Neuroscience: Faculty Publications

Melatonin, the neuro-hormone synthesized during the night, has recently seen an unexpected extension of its functional implications toward type 2 diabetes development, visual functions, sleep disturbances, and depression. Transgenic mouse models were instrumental for the establishment of the link between melatonin and these major human diseases. Most of the actions of melatonin are mediated by two types of G protein-coupled receptors, named MT1 and MT2, which are expressed in many different organs and tissues. Understanding the pharmacology and function of mouse MT1 and MT2 receptors, including MT1/MT2 heteromers, will be of crucial importance to evaluate the relevance of these mouse …

Valorisation Of The Cider And Brewing Industry By-Products As Nutraceutical Ingredients, Sofia Reis

Doctoral

By-products from the cider and brewing industries, including apple pomace (AP) and brewer’s spent grain (BSG) respectively, constitute major environmental problems due to the large quantities produced every year. They are sources of valuable compounds such as protein, fibre, essential fatty acids, phenolic compounds and minerals, some of them with antioxidant and prebiotic properties. Their high nutritional value leads to their potential use as human food products and several applications have been considered recently. The aims of this work include i) the nutritional and compositional characterisation of AP, BSG and final extruded and baked prototypes containing these by-products and ii) …