Digital Commons Network^™

Obesity And Mortality: Are The Risks Declining? Evidence From Multiple Prospective Studies In The United States., Tapan S. Mehta, Kevin R. Fontaine, Scott W. Keith, Sripal S. Bangalore, Gustavo De Los Campos, Alfred Bartolucci, Nicholas M. Pajewski, David B. Allison

Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics Faculty Papers

We evaluated whether the obesity-associated years of life lost (YLL) have decreased over calendar time. We implemented a meta-analysis including only studies with two or more serial body mass index (BMI) assessments at different calendar years. For each BMI category (normal weight: BMI 18.5 to <25 >[reference]; overweight: BMI 25 to60, YLL for grade 1 obesity decreased by 1.02 years (P < 0.001) and increased by 0.63 years for grade 2-3 obesity (P = 0.63). Among women aged ≤60, YLL for grade 1 obesity decreased by 4.21 years (P < 0.001) and by 4.97 years (P < 0.001) for grade 2-3 obesity. In women aged >60, YLL for grade 1 obesity decreased by 3.98 years (P < 0.001) and by 2.64 years (P = 0.001) for grade 2-3 obesity. Grade 1 obesity's association with decreased longevity has reduced for older Caucasian men. For Caucasian women, there is evidence of a decline in the obesity YLL association across all ages.

30 Days On $200: A Cooking Guide For Tasty & Healthy Eating On A Budget, Benjamin J. Slocum

Osteopathic Medicine Student Projects

Meal planning and cooking guide created to help people on food assistance and others better utilize their resources. This book contains health information, grocery shopping tips, meal planning guides, and easy instruction on cooking and the use of leftovers. With simple-to-read, image-based instruction, it teaches the basics on how to budget, plan meals, make shopping lists, and prepare food. The book assumes no prior cooking experience, and while anyone can benefit from the book regardless of income level, it makes a particular effort to demonstrate preparation for foods commonly acquired at food pantries.

The Significance Of Micro-Prairie Reconstruction In Urban Environments, Bruno Borsari, Neal Mundahl, Malcom F. Vidrine, Marc Pastorek

The Prairie Naturalist

An aggressive urban sprawl during the last half century has not only contributed to habitat disturbance and extirpation, as well as a loss of knowledge and appreciation for biodiversity. Across the United States, prairie reconstruction has been a very effective approach for developing sustainable landscape designs in city parks and other open spaces. The purpose of this work is to focus on restoration and reconstruction of selected micro-prairies as a vehicle for enhanced place-based education and to partially remediate the consequences of global climate change and loss of pollinators. From the coastal prairies of southwestern Louisiana, to the eastern edge …

Pharmacists' And Patients' Perceptions Of Role Of Pharmacist In Discharge Process, Ravi Teja Vempati

All Theses

The objective of this study was to identify the perceptions of both patients and pharmacists about the pharmacist's role in the hospital discharge process. In order to do this, observations were conducted with the patients and interviews were conducted with both patients and pharmacists. During the interviews, both the patients and pharmacists were asked about the pharmacist's role in the hospital discharge process. The interviews were qualitatively analyzed using the in vivo technique. Four high-level themes emerged from this study: Current role of a pharmacist in the hospital, Ideal role of a pharmacist in the discharge process, Pharmacists' perceptions of …

Gene Discovery And Differential Expression Analysis Of Humoral Immune Response Elements In Female Culicoides Sonorensis (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), Naya Nayduch, Matthew B. Lee, Christopher Saski

Publications

Female Culicoides sonorensis midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) are vectors of pathogens that impact livestock and wildlife in the United States. Little is known about their biology on a molecular-genetic level, including components of their immune system. Because the insect immune response is involved with important processes such as gut microbial homeostasis and vector competence, our aims were to identify components of the midge innate immune system and examine their expression profiles in response to diet across time.

Choline And Choline Metabolite Patterns And Associations In Blood And Milk During Lactation In Dairy Cows, Virginia M. Artegoitia, Jesse L. Foote, Federico M. Harte, Shawn R. Campagna, Michael J. De Veth

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Milk and dairy products are an important source of choline, a nutrient essential for human health. Infant formula derived from bovine milk contains a number of metabolic forms of choline, all contribute to the growth and development of the newborn. At present, little is known about the factors that influence the concentrations of choline metabolites in milk. The objectives of this study were to characterize and then evaluate associations for choline and its metabolites in blood and milk through the first 37 weeks of lactation in the dairy cow. Milk and blood samples from twelve Holstein cows were collected in …

Transitioning Traditional Acute-Episodic Primary Care Visits To Group Visits: An Evidence-Based Approach To Diabetes Care, Bridget Michelle Smith

Doctoral Projects

Diabetes is a national problem that has extended epidemic magnitudes. Its management difficulty impends to overwhelm acute-episodic healthcare systems and challenges the resources of current and future individual primary care providers. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2012), there are 25.8 million people in the United States or 8.3% of the population who have diabetes. Mississippi ranks second in the nation in the prevalence of diabetes and has the highest percentage of overweight and obese adults in the nation (CDC, 2012). In an effort to bridge the gap with delivery of quality care to patients with …

Using The Bite Counter To Overcome The Effect Of Plate Size On Food Intake, Phillip Jasper

All Theses

According to a recent National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, overweight and obesity have reached epidemic levels in the United States (Flegal et at., 2010, NHANES, 2010) There are many treatments for overweight and obesity, the most popular being behavioral interventions (Berkel et al., 2005). Self-monitoring is one of the most important factors of successful behavioral interventions (Baker & Kirschenbaum, 1993). The Bite Counter is a newly developed tool for weight loss that aids in the self-monitoring process (Dong et al., 2011). The purpose of the current study was to determine if bite count feedback and an instruction on the …

The Long-Term Impact Of Preschool Education On Student Achievement, Amy L. Britt

Dissertations

While many studies have been published about the short-term effects of preschool on student achievement, few long-term studies have been completed. The focus of this study was to determine whether students who attended schools that offered preschool demonstrated improved student achievement in communication arts and math in fourth and eighth grades. Quantitative data, including MAP scores for 2010, 2011 and 2012 in communication arts and math, were reviewed. The participants included rural schools with similar demographics as evidenced by membership in Missouri Association of Rural Education. A survey was administered to superintendents of the same schools. The data revealed that …

Beta Cell Expansion Induced By Activin, Melissa Brown, Alan Schneyer, Ibrahim Osumanu

All Scholarly Works

No abstract provided.

Uab Among The City's Healthiest Employers, Natalie Wade

Browse All News

No abstract provided.

Investigating Hemodynamic Responses To Electrical Neurostimulation, Sean Youra

Master's Theses

Since the 1900s, the number of deaths attributable to cardiovascular disease has steadily risen. With the advent of antihypertensive drugs and non-invasive surgical procedures, such as intravascular stenting, these numbers have begun to level off. Despite this trend, the number of patients diagnosed with some form of cardiovascular disease has only increased. By 2030, prevalence of coronary heart disease is expected to increase approximately by 18% in the United States. By 2050, prevalence of peripheral arterial occlusive disease is expected to increase approximately by 98% in the U.S. No single drug or surgical intervention offers a complete solution to these …

Translating Knowledge Of Autism Spectrum Disorders To Action Through Tool Development And Exploration, Rebecca A. Garcia

All Dissertations

Translational processes are needed to move research development, methods, and techniques into clinical application. The knowledge to action framework organizes this bench to bedside process through three phases including: research, translation, and institutionalization without being specific to one disease or condition. The overall goal of this research is to bridge gaps in the translational process from assay development to disease detection through a mixed methods approach. A literature review identifies gaps associated with intestinal permeability and autism spectrum disorders. Mining social media related to autism and GI symptoms captures self-reported or observed data, identifies patterns and themes within the data, …

High-Productivity Membrane Adsorbers: Polymer Surface-Modification Studies For Ion-Exchange And Affinity Bioseparations, Heather Chenette

All Dissertations

This Dissertation centers on the surface-modification of macroporous membranes to make them selective adsorbers for different proteins, and the analysis of the performance of these membranes relative to existing technology. Traditional chromatographic separations for the isolation and purification of proteins implement a column packed with resin beads or gel media that contain specific binding ligands on their exposed surface area. The productivity of this process is balanced by the effective use of the binding sites within the column and the speed at which the separation can take place, in addition to the need to maintain sufficient protein purity and bioactivity. …

Motions 2014 Volume 51 Number 1, University Of San Diego School Of Law Student Bar Association

Newspaper, Motions (1987-2019)

No abstract provided.

First Choice, August 2014, Wusf Public Media

First Choice Monthly Newsletter

The August 2014 issue of WUSF's newsletter "First Choice."

Effect Of Sorting And Feeding Management Practices On Finished Lamb Shrink Loss, K. Manthei, J.E. Held, A. Kolthoff, K. Bruns

South Dakota State University Sheep Research Report, 2014

To determine the effect of common pre-marketing sorting and feeding management practices on finished lamb shrink loss.

A Comparison Of Corn Or Soybean Hull Based Diets With Dried Distillers Grain With Solubles (Ddgs) As The Protein Source In Finishing Diets Comparing Lamb Growth, Feed Efficiency, And Carcass Merit, R.D. Zelinsky, A.E. Wertz-Lutz, J.E. Held

South Dakota State University Sheep Research Report, 2014

Objectives: To evaluate growth, carcass merit and mineral status in wether lambs fed finishing diets formulated with dried distillers grain with solubles (DDGS) and soybean hulls (SH).

2014 South Dakota State University Sheep Research Report, Animal Science Department

South Dakota State University Sheep Research Report, 2014

This is the complete document containing all reports.

Sweet Results, Winston J. Craig

Lake Union Herald

No abstract provided.

Cryoprotective Effect Of L-Carnitine On Motility, Vitality And Dna Oxidation Of Human Spermatozoa, S. Banihani, A. Agarwal, R. Sharma, Mekki Bayachou

Chemistry Faculty Publications

Successful cryopreservation for human spermatozoa markedly influences the reproductive outcomes of assisted reproductive technologies. But in spite of its usefulness, cryopreservation significantly decreases sperm quality. l-carnitine has been found to improve the quality of spermatozoa in selected cases with male infertility. Here, we examined the efficacy of l-carnitine in improving sperm motility and vitality and reducing sperm DNA oxidation during cryopreservation. Semen samples from infertile patients (n = 22) were collected and analysed. Cryopreservation medium supplemented with l-carnitine was mixed with the semen at a ratio of 1 : 1 (v/v). The final l-carnitine concentration in each cryovial was 0.5 …

Digest Of The Philadelphia College Of Osteopathic Medicine (Fall 2014), Philadelphia College Of Osteopathic Medicine

Digest

The Fall 2014 issue of the Digest of the Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine includes the following articles:

• Message from the President
• PCOM Updates
• Commencement 2014
• Development News
• Considerations for Healthcare Education
• Diversity and Healthcare Disparities: Remembering the Children
• Instructional Strategies in Continuity Care Education
• Competency-based Assessment: Practicing Emergency Care from the Start
• Health Information Technology Advances Innovative Clinical Teaching Model
• Curbing Healthcare Provider Shortages in the South with New Residency Programs
• Class Notes
• Reunion Weekend
• In Memoriam
• My Turn Essay

Perceived Reactions Of Elementary School Students To Changes In School Lunches After Implementation Of The United States Department Of Agriculture's New Meals Standards: Minimal Backlash, But Rural And Socioeconomic Disparities Exist, Lindsey Turner, Frank J. Chaloupka

University Author Recognition Bibliography: 2014

Background: Updated standards for meals sold through the USDA's National School Lunch Program took effect at the beginning of the 2012-2013 school year. The current study assessed the perceptions of school staff regarding student reactions to these changes in school lunches and how perceptions varied across schools.

Methods: Mailback surveys were gathered from administrators and food service staff at a nationally representative sample of 557 US public elementary schools in the second half of the 2012-2013 school year.

Results: Half of the respondents (56.4%) agreed that students complained about the meals at first, but 70% agreed that students like the …

An Epidemiology Of Recreational Sport Injury Rates At Clemson University, David Jameyson

All Theses

Injuries are one of the common risks associated with physical activity, and in certain populations, injury prevention methods are used to improve the leisure experience for participants. At the collegiate level of sports participation, NCAA sports programs are required to provide injury treatment and prevention options for their athletes. For participants competing in club and intramural sports, no universal requirements for injury prevention and treatment exist. This study assessed the risk of injury during sports participation at the club and intramural level in a college-aged population. Campus recreation incident reports and Certified Athletic Trainer evaluations were used to document the …

Identification Of School Physical Activity Leader Competencies Using Concept Mapping, Kiel M. Illg

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Background/Purpose: Various public health and educational organizations have called for the implementation of comprehensive approaches at the state, district, and school levels to promote physical education and physical activity among children and adolescents. Proponents have argued that physical education teachers are positioned to assume the role of director of physical activity in the school setting; however many physical educators do not see directing comprehensive school physical activity programs (CSPAP) as their responsibility, nor have they been formally trained to provide this measure of leadership. Furthermore, there is limited research on CSPAPs and the associated leadership roles integral to planning, implementing, …

The Effect Of Allopurinol And Inosine Administration On Xanthine Oxidoreductase Gene Expression, Mitochondrial Respiration, And Inflammation In Broiler Chickens, Tabatha Settle

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Birds have a remarkable longevity for their body size despite an increased body temperature, higher metabolic rate, and increased blood glucose concentrations. Theoretically, birds should sustain a much higher degree of oxidative damage yet do not, in part due to the powerful antioxidant, uric acid. As the end-product of purine degradation, uric acid is generated in the xanthine/hypoxanthine reactions catalyzed by xanthine oxiodreductase (XOR). In the first study, inosine, a purine precursor, was fed to 3 groups of 5 birds: Group 1 was fed 0 (control), Group 2, 0.6 mols inosine/kg feed (INO) and Group 3, INO treatment plus 50 …

Rapid Repeat Pregnancy Among Women Seeking Pregnancy Termination: A Descriptive Study, Katharine White Md, Peter St. Marie Bs, Alison Mitchell Bs, Abigail Hatch, Erin Amato, Elizabeth Lynch Bs

All Scholarly Works

No abstract provided.

A Comparison Of Saponin And Tween 80 On The Solubility And The Degradation Enhancement Of Fluoranthene And The Influence Of Laccase On Fluoranthene Degradation, Stacia Ballew

All Theses

The ubiquitous contamination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the environment require an economical approach as well as effective remediation techniques in the removal of these contaminants. Through the use of more eco-friendly and economically available biosurfactants, such as saponin, there is a possibility they could prove to be more useful surfactants than conventional synthetic surfactants for the solubilization of fluoranthene (FLA). Enhanced solubility would potentially facilitate the increased degradation by S. paucimobilis EPA505. The addition of laccase produced by Pleurotus ostreatus, a white rot fungus that produces enzymes known to facilitate or assist in the degradation of fluoranthene (FLA), …

Is It Culturally Appropriate? Evaluation Efforts For Measuring The Cultural Appropriateness In Nutrition Education Programs Targeting The Hispanic Population, Andrea Aguilar Corrales

All Theses

Background: In the United States, nearly 70% of the population is overweight. The U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey says Hispanics have the second prevalence of obesity, thus, increasing the risk of heart disease, cancer, stroke and diabetes in the largest minority group in the U.S. (U.S. Census, 2010). This requires effective and culturally appropriate interventions to promote healthy lifestyles. (WHO, 2003). Objective: The purpose of this study was to design and pilot-test a culturally appropriate tool to assure the nutrition information provided to the Hispanic population is appropriate. Design: The research design consisted of a triangulation of methods …

Antioxidant Effect Of Peach Skin Extracts From 13 Varieties Of South Carolina Grown Peaches, Yueyuan Zhang

All Theses

South Carolina is the second largest peach producing state in the United States. Every year, large quantities of peaches do not meet the fresh peach standard and are discarded or used for further processing. The waste stream from discarded and processed peaches includes the skin and this could be recovered as a rich source of antioxidants. The objective of this research was to determine the antioxidant (phenolic) content and antioxidant capacity of peach skin from various peach varieties grown in South Carolina. Chapter 1 is a literature review which covers topics of oxidation in foods, mechanism of lipid oxidation, antioxidants …