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2014

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Supporting Early Child Bilingualism : The Role Of Parents With Limited English Proficiency / Nur Afifah Binti Addenan, Nur Afifah Addenan Jan 2014

Supporting Early Child Bilingualism : The Role Of Parents With Limited English Proficiency / Nur Afifah Binti Addenan, Nur Afifah Addenan

Student Works (2010-2019)

Bilingualism is becoming a growing trend in Malaysia due to the role of the English language in this technological era and a necessity for today’s development. Bilingualism involving proficiency in English and any one of the local languages is now widely considered as an asset for socioeconomic mobility in Malaysia. The desire to be successful, both socially and economically nowadays is starting to force Malays into becoming Malay-English bilinguals. The position of English has influenced even parents with Limited English Proficiency (LEP) in Malaysia into striving to embed the knowledge of both their native language and English in their children …

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Stance-Taking And Identity Construction In Supervisor-Supervisee Interaction / Rami Maher Delli, Rami Maher Delli Jan 2014

Stance-Taking And Identity Construction In Supervisor-Supervisee Interaction / Rami Maher Delli, Rami Maher Delli

Student Works (2010-2019)

Interactions between supervisor and supervisee during consultation particularly in the postgraduate level are essential in the completion of a thesis or dissertation. In most interactions, both speakers; the supervisor and the supervisee assert their identities who they are. Such scenario has been an important phenomenon to examine how stance-taking and identity construction are portrayed. This research specifically examined 10 conversations between supervisors and supervisees during research consultations at the University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The study combined the Stance Triangle and Model of Stance Marker as theoretical framework in analyzing the construction of identity between supervisors and supervisees. In …

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Structure And Use Of Affirmative And Negative Constructions In Malaysian English Text Books / Elesabth Mary Mathalamuthu, Elesabth Mary Mathalamuthu Jan 2014

Structure And Use Of Affirmative And Negative Constructions In Malaysian English Text Books / Elesabth Mary Mathalamuthu, Elesabth Mary Mathalamuthu

Student Works (2010-2019)

Textbook is a key component in most language programs. In Malaysia, textbooks serve as the basis for much of the language input learners receive and the language practice that takes place in the classroom. In some situations, the textbook may function as a supplement to the teachers’ instruction in the ESL teaching and learning process. For most teachers, textbooks provide the foundation for the content of lessons, the balance of the skills taught, as well as the kind of language practice the students engage in during their classroom activities. To date, many studies focused on the behaviour of English grammatical …

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The Use Of English Swear Words Among Chinese Youths / Tian Huey Ni Fanny, Fanny Huey Ni Tian Jan 2014

The Use Of English Swear Words Among Chinese Youths / Tian Huey Ni Fanny, Fanny Huey Ni Tian

Student Works (2010-2019)

This study was aimed to investigate the usage of English swear words among Chinese youths as well as to compare the use of swear words between male and female youths. The framework of this study is made up of the works of Battistella (2005), Lakoff (1995) and Talbot (1998). The participants consisted of seventy four (74) students studying at a private secondary school in the state of Selangor. Instrumentation used for the survey included a 26 item questionnaire and semi-structured interviews with focus groups. Two categories of focus groups consisted of randomly selected participants from the same sample and English …

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Communication Strategies Of An Arab Child With Developmental Disorders / Maimona Elwan, Maimona Elwan Jan 2014

Communication Strategies Of An Arab Child With Developmental Disorders / Maimona Elwan, Maimona Elwan

Student Works (2010-2019)

A qualitative case study was conducted on an Arab boy (AE) aged 7 years, who is a native speaker of Aleppine (North-Syrian) dialect to determine his communicative competence and the strategies he uses to compensate for his difficulties. Although having no apparent developmental delay in early childhood, he experienced several unique difficulties in communication, language acquisition and behaviour (i.e. ADHD, and a few autistic traits). The observation technique and several formal and informal assessment procedures were used to collect authentic data from the subject between (6;10 -7;4 years). Checklists adopted in this study are Bishop‟s CCC (1998); Abu Nab‟a‟s Checklist …

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A Discourse Analysis Of The 2009 Bangladesh Education Policy In The Local Media / Mohsina Akter, Mohsina Akter Jan 2014

A Discourse Analysis Of The 2009 Bangladesh Education Policy In The Local Media / Mohsina Akter, Mohsina Akter

Student Works (2010-2019)

The National Education Policy 2009 is one of the most important issues in the advancement of the education system in Bangladesh. This policy is also the latest in a series of education policies since the independence in 1971. The policy was initiated in April 9, 2009 and work on this education policy was completed on September 2, 2009. During finalizing the policy a lot of opinions were published in the newspapers in the form of editorials. The editors turned to the newspapers to give their opinions about the policy. The study analyses the editorial discourses on the Bangladesh education policy …

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The Discursive Construction Of Impoliteness In Malaysian Radio Prank Calls / Goh Vern Ann, Vern Ann Goh Jan 2014

The Discursive Construction Of Impoliteness In Malaysian Radio Prank Calls / Goh Vern Ann, Vern Ann Goh

Student Works (2010-2019)

This study is titled The discursive construction of impoliteness in Malaysian radio prank calls. It investigates the process in which impoliteness develops in Hitz.fm’s ‘Gotcha’ calls. Three stages are taken into account. They include how impoliteness is initiated, how impoliteness develops and how impoliteness comes to an end. This study also examines the impoliteness strategies that are employed by the participants to communicate impoliteness in the prank calls. Bousfield’s (2007) model of beginnings, middles and ends and Culpeper’s (1996, 2005) impoliteness model are adapted as the theoretical framework of the research. A qualitative approach is employed to analyse 25 ‘Gotcha’ …

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Grammatical Errors Across Proficiency Levels In The Spoken English Of Matriculation Students / Nurjasmin Binti Mahidin Abd Kadir, Nurjasmin Mahidin Abd Kadir Jan 2014

Grammatical Errors Across Proficiency Levels In The Spoken English Of Matriculation Students / Nurjasmin Binti Mahidin Abd Kadir, Nurjasmin Mahidin Abd Kadir

Student Works (2010-2019)

This study examines the grammatical errors made across proficiency levels in the spoken English of matriculation students in their oral test. This study attempts to identify and analyze the errors made by students from different levels of proficiency, ranging from lower intermediate, intermediate, upper intermediate and finally advanced. The specific objectives of this study are to identify the errors made by the students and to determine the frequency of occurrence of the different types of errors for each level of proficiency. The data were obtained from 32 group discussions in an oral test in the 13-week of the semester. The …

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A Critical Discourse Analysis Of Stem Cell Banking Brochures In Malaysia / Ungku Khairunnisa Bt Ungku Mohd Nordin, Ungku Khairunnisa Ungku Mohd Nordin Jan 2014

A Critical Discourse Analysis Of Stem Cell Banking Brochures In Malaysia / Ungku Khairunnisa Bt Ungku Mohd Nordin, Ungku Khairunnisa Ungku Mohd Nordin

Student Works (2010-2019)

This study employs Critical Discourse Analysis to analyse two brochures of two stem cell banking companies in Malaysia. The primary objective of this study is to look at how these companies construct their identities in their respective brochures. It also looks how social relationships between the companies and their potential customers are constructed through their respective brochures. These companies are Cryocord Sdn. Bhd. and Cellsafe International Sdn. Bhd. Fairclough’s (1992) Three Dimensional Model is used in order to explain the relationship between the text (brochures), discursive practices and the social practises surrounding these brochures. In regards of visual texts, Kress …

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A Semantic Analysis Of Conjunctions In The Translation Of Badai Semalam Into English / Nur Farhana Nasri, Nur Farhana Nasri Jan 2014

A Semantic Analysis Of Conjunctions In The Translation Of Badai Semalam Into English / Nur Farhana Nasri, Nur Farhana Nasri

Student Works (2010-2019)

The purpose of this study is to analyze the semantic analysis of conjunctions in the translation of a Malay-English novel. This study focuses on looking at cohesion ties specifically conjunctions used in the selected Malay literary text, Badai Semalam and its English translated version, Storms of Yesterday. The objectives of this study are (i) to identify the types of conjunctions used in sentences in translating the Malay novel, Badai Semalam into the English novel, Storms of Yesterday (ii) to find out the similarities and differences of semantic features of the Malay conjunctions into the English translation (iii) to determine the …

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The Effectiveness Of Input And Output In Vocabulary Acquisition Among Primary Esl Learners / Mellisa Chin Lee Lee, Mellisa Lee Lee Chin Jan 2014

The Effectiveness Of Input And Output In Vocabulary Acquisition Among Primary Esl Learners / Mellisa Chin Lee Lee, Mellisa Lee Lee Chin

Student Works (2010-2019)

The role of input and output in interaction has always been seen as an entirety in the language-learning domain. Driven by three distinctive frameworks, earlier works suggested that the Interaction Hypothesis facilitates the Input Hypothesis and the Output Hypothesis in language development. This experimental study was designed to investigate the effects of pre-modified input, negotiated interaction and output in L2 vocabulary comprehension and acquisition. A sample of 45 primary school ESL learners with similar L1 background was divided into three groups (GPIO–premodified input, GINW–negotiated input without output, GINP–negotiated input with output). Each group learned the target vocabulary items with pictures …

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Chinese Adults’ Learning Thai As A Foreign Language In Informal Contexts / Wang Dong Hui Zi, Dong Hui Zi Wang Jan 2014

Chinese Adults’ Learning Thai As A Foreign Language In Informal Contexts / Wang Dong Hui Zi, Dong Hui Zi Wang

Student Works (2010-2019)

The objectives of this thesis are 1) to illustrate the influence of cross-linguistic similarities in multilingual acquisition and 2) to investigate the problems and limitations with informal third language (L3) acquisition, focusing on young adult Mandarin speakers whose L1 is Mandarin and L2 is English and who acquire oral Thai as their L3 through informal learning in social interactions. The participants were Mandarin teachers who have acquired certain levels of Thai language while working in Thailand. In my study, I suggest that as both Thai and Mandarin are tonal languages that have similar sentence patterns, it is relatively easy for …

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An Acoustic Study Of The Rhythm Of Fulfulde / Ahmadu Shehu, Ahmadu Shehu Jan 2014

An Acoustic Study Of The Rhythm Of Fulfulde / Ahmadu Shehu, Ahmadu Shehu

Student Works (2010-2019)

Fulfulde is a language widely spoken in West and Central African countries by people who call themselves Fulɓe, also known as Fulani in English. Considerable researche has been conducted on the phonology of the language, but there appears to be a dearth of research on rhythm, as none of the available literature discuss the rhythm of this language in any detail. This research is aimed at describing the acoustic correlates of the rhythm of Fulfulde in comparison with Nigerian English, and to provide the translated version of a phonetic text ‘North Wind and the Sun’ (IPA, 1999) which can serve …

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Theological Innovation And Intellectual Efforts In Facing It : Theoretical And Applied Study In The Uae's Communities / Madheya Khalifa W.O. Saeed Mohd Al-Kaili, Madheya Khalifa W.O. Saeed Mohd Al-Kaili Jan 2014

Theological Innovation And Intellectual Efforts In Facing It : Theoretical And Applied Study In The Uae's Communities / Madheya Khalifa W.O. Saeed Mohd Al-Kaili, Madheya Khalifa W.O. Saeed Mohd Al-Kaili

Student Works (2010-2019)

Kajian ini membicarakan tentang bid’ah akidah yang terdapat dalam masyarakat UAE, pengertian, kesan-kesan, dan hukumnya dalam Islam, kajian ini juga menjelaskan faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan berlakunya amalan bid’ah dan metode yang digunakan oleh para ulama dalam menangani masalah ini. Tujuan utama penelitian ini ialah untuk memperjelas hakikat bid’ah, penyebab berlakunya bid’ah, hukumnya dalam Islam, dan faktor yang menyebabkan ianya tersebar di negara-negara Islam. Selain itu, ia juga bertujuan untuk mengkaji dan menganalisis pandangan-pandangan ulama mengenainya, sama ada ulama klasik mahupun ulama kontemporari, dan mengkaji karya-karya para ulama yang membincangkan perkara ini, serta mencuba untuk memperbetulkan beberapa amalan bid’ah yang tersebar dalam …

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Depression And Homesickness Among Iranian Students In University Malaya / Majid Shahmohammadi, Shahmohammadi Majid Jan 2014

Depression And Homesickness Among Iranian Students In University Malaya / Majid Shahmohammadi, Shahmohammadi Majid

Student Works (2010-2019)

Introduction: Studying abroad has become a norm and a “must do” purpose for many scholars. Over the last few years, Malaysia has become a popular destination for students from many Islamic countries including students from Iran. Many of the studies on international students are done among Asian students travelling to western countries. Objective: This is a cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the prevalence of depression and homesickness among the Iranian students in University of Malaya and to see if there are any associated factors including level of religiosity and social support. Methods: 201 Iranian students studying in University Malaya were …

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Pembangunan Model Homeschooling Berasaskan Nilai Dan Amalan Masyarakat Bagi Kanak-Kanak Orang Asli / Mohd Nazri Bin Abdul Rahman, Mohd Nazri Abdul Rahman Jan 2014

Pembangunan Model Homeschooling Berasaskan Nilai Dan Amalan Masyarakat Bagi Kanak-Kanak Orang Asli / Mohd Nazri Bin Abdul Rahman, Mohd Nazri Abdul Rahman

Student Works (2010-2019)

Kajian ini bertujuan untuk membangunkan model Homeschooling berasaskan nilai dan amalan masyarakat bagi kanak-kanak Orang Asli. Pembinaan model ini menterjemahkan bagaimana aktiviti pembelajaran Homeschooling berasaskan nilai dan amalan masyarakat Orang Asli boleh digunakan dalam menyokong pendidikan pembelajaran bagi kanak-kanak Orang Asli sebagai satu bentuk pendidikan alternatif yang diiktiraf oleh pihak Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah kajian reka bentuk dan pembangunan (Design and Development Research Approach) yang di pelopori oleh Richey dan Klien (2007) untuk membangunkan model. Berdasarkan bentuk kajian ini, terdapat tiga langkah yang perlu diikuti untuk pembangunan model. Fasa pertama, melibatkan analisis keperluan yang menggunakan borang soal …

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Secondary School Esl Teachers’ Beliefs And Practices In The Teaching Of Pronunciation / Shanina Sharatol Ahmad Shah, Shanina Sharatol Ahmad Shah Jan 2014

Secondary School Esl Teachers’ Beliefs And Practices In The Teaching Of Pronunciation / Shanina Sharatol Ahmad Shah, Shanina Sharatol Ahmad Shah

Student Works (2010-2019)

Despite the emphasis on the role of pronunciation in obtaining proficiency in the English Language and the rightful place it has been given in the Malaysian Secondary School English Language syllabus, pronunciation still struggles to gain the attention it deserves in the ESL classrooms. Thus, it is the purpose of this study to investigate the beliefs of selected ESL teachers that have led to their decisions on their classroom practices in pronunciation instruction. This study focuses on three aspects of the teachers’ beliefs; firstly, the beliefs of their roles in learning and teaching pronunciation. Secondly, the beliefs they hold about …

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Priming Interaction To Foster Reading Engagement Among Tertiary Level Esl Students / Puteri Rohani Megat Abdul Rahim, Puteri Rohani Megat Abdul Rahim Jan 2014

Priming Interaction To Foster Reading Engagement Among Tertiary Level Esl Students / Puteri Rohani Megat Abdul Rahim, Puteri Rohani Megat Abdul Rahim

Student Works (2010-2019)

This study examines the link between an interactive pedagogical approach and university students‘ engagement in second language reading. Recognizing the importance of university students acquiring effective reading skills, a considerable number of research on second language reading has been focussing on ways to facilitate students‘ engagement in reading through the employment of reading strategies. However, minimal research has explored lecturers‘ interaction as a strategy to promote students‘ reading engagement. This dissertation explores the potential usefulness of priming interaction in fostering students‘ reading engagement. The qualitative case study approach was employed in an ESL reading class at a university, over a …

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Impact Of Media Reporting Of The September 11th Events On The Activities Of The Nonprofit Islamic Organizations In The United States / Hulayyil Muhisen S. Alomiry, Hulayyil Muhisen S. Alomiry Jan 2014

Impact Of Media Reporting Of The September 11th Events On The Activities Of The Nonprofit Islamic Organizations In The United States / Hulayyil Muhisen S. Alomiry, Hulayyil Muhisen S. Alomiry

Student Works (2010-2019)

This research explores the influence of the September 11, 2001 (9/11) attacks on nonprofit Islamic organizations with activities in the United States. The study employs discourse analysis to examine newspaper articles, interviews of leaders of these organizations, as well as data and figures released by these organizations. The articles were mainly taken from US media, namely CNN and Washington Post as representatives of the US media. Instruments of data collection about these organizations include, semi- structured interviews, a questionnaire, and an in-depth analysis of media materials, news reports and articles of CNN and Washington Post. Content analysis was used to …

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Documentation And Valuation Of Plant Resources Used By The Orang Asli At Kampung Lubuk Ulu Legong, Baling, Kedah / Nur Shahidah Binti Mohammad, Mohammad Nur Shahidah Jan 2014

Documentation And Valuation Of Plant Resources Used By The Orang Asli At Kampung Lubuk Ulu Legong, Baling, Kedah / Nur Shahidah Binti Mohammad, Mohammad Nur Shahidah

Student Works (2010-2019)

This study was carried out to identify, characterize and valuate the plant resource used by the Orang Asli in Kampung Lubuk Ulu Legong, Baling, Kedah. The data for this study was collected through home garden plants survey, wild plant survey and structured interviews with the villagers. During this study a total of 175 plants species were encountered of which 68 species were cultivated, 91 species were wild and 16 species were both cultivated and wild. Among the cultivated plants the family Euphorbiaceae recorded the highest number of species. Among the wild plants, the family Arecaceae recorded the highest number of …

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The Influence Of Chinese Architecture On Traditional Melaka Mosques / Somayeh Armani, Armani Somayeh Jan 2014

The Influence Of Chinese Architecture On Traditional Melaka Mosques / Somayeh Armani, Armani Somayeh

Student Works (2010-2019)

Since the sacred architecture manifests a clear reflection of each region's history, culture, and identity, the traditional mosques, as the symbols of Islamic art and architecture, always have intrigued countless architects and scholars worldwide. Although numerous materials have been documented about various mosques’ regional typologies, the Southeast Asian mosque architectural style has been surprisingly neglected. Since the advent of Islam in Southeast Asia during the 13th-15th centuries, innumerable traditional mosques with distinctive architectural form, constructional techniques, and ornamentation, very different from what is known as a mosque in Middle East and Central Asia, were erected in the region. Melaka, as …

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Talk At Meetings In A Malaysian Small-Medium Enterprise / Teoh Mei Lin, Mei Lin Teoh Jan 2014

Talk At Meetings In A Malaysian Small-Medium Enterprise / Teoh Mei Lin, Mei Lin Teoh

Student Works (2010-2019)

This study seeks to examine talk at management meetings at a Malaysian small medium enterprise. It uses Community of Practice (CofP) as the underpinning theory which allows data to be examined within the wider as well as the local context of talk. CofP is a concept developed from the theory of social practice (Holmes 2003), and a conversation analysis (CA) influenced methodology is used to analyse the data. The analysis and interpretation of the data is carried out based on CA interactional resources such as turn taking organization, sequence organization, repair, interruptions and the use of lexis. Koester‟s (2006) term …

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A Transitivity Analysis Of Medical Brochures With A Focus On Cervical And Breast Cancer / Sakila Govindaraju, Sakila Govindaraju Jan 2014

A Transitivity Analysis Of Medical Brochures With A Focus On Cervical And Breast Cancer / Sakila Govindaraju, Sakila Govindaraju

Student Works (2010-2019)

This study analyzed four medical brochures consisting of Cervical Cancer and Breast Cancer. Medical brochures were chosen because they are important non-verbal tools that are used for creating awareness to the public about diseases. The study aimed to explore the transitivity choices used in medical brochures as well as the role of transitivity in creating meaning. The theory of Systemic Functional Linguistics by Hallidayan’s and Matthiessen’s (2004) is the theoretical framework of this study. The study also looked at Halliday (1994), Eggins’s (2004) Thompson (2004), Bloor and Bloor (2004) and Martin et al (1997) System of Transitivity. This study confines …

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The Influence Of Motivation On Learning Strategies Used By Esl Learners / Rowena Awali Ensanah, Awali Ensanah Rowena Jan 2014

The Influence Of Motivation On Learning Strategies Used By Esl Learners / Rowena Awali Ensanah, Awali Ensanah Rowena

Student Works (2010-2019)

This study examines the learning strategies used by Pre-university students of different nationalities at Centre for Languages and Pre-University Academic Development (CELPAD) in Malaysia and the influence of motivation on these strategies. In this study the researcher examine how respondents of different gender, proficiency level, nationality and cultural background affect the choices of strategies used in an ESL/ EFL setting and if there is a significant relationship between motivation constructs of these English language learners and their nationality and gender. Oxford’s (1990) Strategy Inventory of Language Learning (SILL) questionnaire was employed to assess learners’ strategies together with a modified version …

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Semantic Query Translation For Quran Content Retrieval / Mohd Amin Mohd Yunus, Mohd Yunus Mohd Amin Jan 2014

Semantic Query Translation For Quran Content Retrieval / Mohd Amin Mohd Yunus, Mohd Yunus Mohd Amin

Student Works (2010-2019)

Existing Quran retrieval system suffers from low precision and recall mainly due to the query technique used particularly in cross language retrieval (CLIR). As query technique is one of the indicator for Quran retrieval information performance in CLIR, in order to improve the retrieval, query technique could be enhanced using combination of semantic, stemming and translation techniques. The main purpose of the study is to automate the retrieval process of Quranic verses across multilingual context (Malay, English, Arabic). The specific objectives of the study are i) to develop algorithm of query expansion based on stemming, semantic and translation query in …

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Analysis Of The Translation Of Cultural Terms From English Into Bahasa Malaysia Of Enid Blyton's Stories / Azura Azlee, Azlee Azura Jan 2014

Analysis Of The Translation Of Cultural Terms From English Into Bahasa Malaysia Of Enid Blyton's Stories / Azura Azlee, Azlee Azura

Student Works (2010-2019)

In the translation field, it is very important to be able to produce a translated text that sustained the author's intended messages as close as possible. The task gets more challenging when the target readers of the translated texts are children as there are not only linguistic capability limits that have to be considered, but also the geographical aspects, moral and societal values of the society and religion that were upheld by the young target readers. With these issues in mind, a study on the translation procedures used to translate a popular English fairy-tales into Bahasa Malaysia was carried out. …

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A Decade's Legacy: Dashed Hopes For Gender Equality And The Status Of Afghan Women In Light Of The Ensuing Drawdown., Meredith B. English Jan 2014

A Decade's Legacy: Dashed Hopes For Gender Equality And The Status Of Afghan Women In Light Of The Ensuing Drawdown., Meredith B. English

The Scholar: St. Mary's Law Review on Race and Social Justice

This Comment addresses the legal structures which need to be supported in order to ensure substantial gender equality after allied forces withdraw from Afghanistan. After 2013, justice for abused women in Afghanistan stalled. Research suggests women’s rights and peace in Afghanistan are directly related. The presence of the Taliban and their restrictive rules has many Afghan women fearing for their lives and for the loss of decades of progress in the women’s rights movement. Leaders in Afghanistan must acquire a more liberal interpretation of Sharia law, while staying within the boundaries of the religious and ethnic traditions of the culture. …

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Extrinsic Evidence, Parol Evidence, And The Parol Evidence Rule: A Call For Courts To Use The Reasoning Of The Restatements Rather Than The Rhetoric Of Common Law, Timothy Archer, Shalayne Davis, David G. Epstein Jan 2014

Extrinsic Evidence, Parol Evidence, And The Parol Evidence Rule: A Call For Courts To Use The Reasoning Of The Restatements Rather Than The Rhetoric Of Common Law, Timothy Archer, Shalayne Davis, David G. Epstein

Law Student Publications

This article is an example of what Professor Richard Epstein would call "Contracts small." According to Professor Richard Epstein, "'Contracts small' relates to contract law at the doctrinal level; it focuses on the rules of contract formation and performance; the everyday 'stuff of lawyer's law.' "This article looks to the Restatement of Contracts (hereafter "Restatement") and the Restatement (Second) of Contracts (hereafter "Restatement Second") for answers to the questions raised by the two problems. The Restatements generally have both been praised and condemned for their focus on doctrinal issues-on what Richard Epstein calls the "everyday stuff of lawyer's law." As …

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On Creativity In Constitutional Interpretation, Pierre Schlag Jan 2014

On Creativity In Constitutional Interpretation, Pierre Schlag

Publications

In the present article a particular aspect of constitutional interpretation will be considered. This aspect is called "creative" and involves retrieving the meaning of an object of interpretation. It is with regard to this particular aspect or moment of interpretation that creativity is often viewed as something to be avoided, to be shunned. If the task at hand is to "retrieve" some meaning, then the idea that this meaning can be created, in whole or in part, seems quite simply antithetical to the enterprise at hand. It suffices to note that many jurists and legal thinkers believe that interpretation as …

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Governing By Guidance: Civil Rights Agencies And The Emergence Of Language Rights, Ming Hsu Chen Jan 2014

Governing By Guidance: Civil Rights Agencies And The Emergence Of Language Rights, Ming Hsu Chen

Publications

On the fiftieth anniversary of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, this Article asks how federal civil rights laws evolved to incorporate the needs of non-English speakers following landmark immigration reform (the 1965 Hart-Cellar Act) that led to unprecedented migration from Asia and Latin America. Based on a comparative study of the emergence of language rights in schools and workplaces from 1965 to 1980, the Article demonstrates that regulatory agencies used nonbinding guidances to interpret the undefined statutory term "national origin discrimination" during their implementation of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Their efforts facilitated the creation of language rights, …

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