Digital Commons Network^™

Amended Complaints Post-Twiqbal: Why Litigants Should Still Get A Second Bite At The Pleading Apple, Dane Westermeyer

Washington Law Review

The Supreme Court’s landmark decisions in Bell Atlantic Corp. v. Twombly and Ashcroft v. Iqbal have had a serious effect on the way that Rule 12(b)(6) Motions to Dismiss are handled in federal courts across the country. In the five years since Iqbal was handed down, scholars and practitioners alike have discussed the merits and effects of this decision at length. However, there has been very little—if any—discussion on the relationship between amended complaints and original complaints when it comes to this newly-minted plausibility standard. This Comment aims to examine and critique a post-Twiqbal practice regarding amended complaints that …

The Effects Of Chlorine Dioxide Gas On The Sensory Properties Of Whole Tomatoes, Christopher Gottilla

All Theses

This experiment sought to measure the changes in sensory quality that occur in tomatoes as the result of chlorine dioxide gas treatment. Tasti-Lee tomatoes (VFFF Hybrid #5755) were treated with two different levels of chlorine dioxide gas (10mg and 50mg of ClO2-forming material per kg of tomato) utilizing sachets. Testing compared the treated tomatoes and an untreated control group. These tests included flat-plate compression for firmness, sensory evaluation using a difference from control test, color analysis of the skin and flesh using a colorimeter, and enumeration of aerobic microbes and yeasts and molds. Flat-plate compression of whole tomatoes revealed no …

Understanding Higher-Order Nonlocal Halo Bias At Large Scales By Combining The Power Spectrum With The Bispectrum, Shun Saito, Tobias Baldauf, For Full List Of Authors, See Publisher's Website.

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

Understanding the relation between underlying matter distribution and biased tracers such as galaxies or dark matter halos is essential to extract cosmological information from ongoing or future galaxy redshift surveys. At sufficiently large scales such as the baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) scale, a standard approach for the bias problem on the basis of the perturbation theory (PT) is to assume the "local bias" model in which the density field of biased tracers is deterministically expanded in terms of matter density field at the same position. The higher-order bias parameters are then determined by combining the power spectrum with higher-order statistics …

Hamilton V. Alpha Services, Llc Appellant's Brief Dckt. 42521

Idaho Supreme Court Records & Briefs, All

No abstract provided.

Skinner V. Peterson Respondent's Brief Dckt. 42065

Idaho Supreme Court Records & Briefs, All

No abstract provided.

Webster's Geometry; Or, The Irreducible Duchess, Benjamin Bertram Phd

Faculty Publications

This study of geometry, gender, and skepticism in John Webster’s The Duchess of Malfi argues that the play leaves us in a hall of mirrors, a horror show of optical tricks, delusion, narcissism, and perspectivism from which there seems to be no escape, no masterpiece of God’s creation upholding reality beyond sensory images. In the absence of a transcendental referent, the Duchess’ willful and fearful journey «into the wilderness» – the life she leads as a result of her furtive marriage to her steward Antonio – becomes an alternative to both the public sphere mapped by divine patterns of order …

Gridlock Backed Up On The Beltway: The Impact Of Party Polarization On Legislative Productivity, Charles E. Volkwein

Washington Semester Program

No abstract provided.

Onebusaway Multi-Region – Rapidly Expanding Mobile Transit Apps To New Cities, Sean J. Barbeau, Alan Borning, Kari Watkins

Journal of Public Transportation

Real-time transit information offers many benefits to transit riders, including reduced wait times and increased customer satisfaction. However, offering real-time transit services has been challenging for many transit agencies. While mobile applications (apps) have emerged as a preferred dissemination method for real-time information, it is typically cost-prohibitive for transit agencies to fund custom development of native mobile apps for all popular smartphone platforms. Third-party developers can offer services if an agency openly shares real-time data, but these individuals are volunteers whose priorities and deadlines may not be the same as the agency’s. As a result, few cities have full app …

Journal Of Cave And Karst Studies, Volume 76, No. 3, December 2014, Malcom S. Field

KIP Articles

Contents: Integrated Geophysical and Geological Investigations of Karst Structures in Komberek, Slovakia -- Possible Cavern-Forming Activity at Millennial Time Scales and Its Impact on Variations in Submarine Cave Environments and Habitat Availability, Okinawa, Japan -- Modern Pollen Record on Bat Guano Deposit from Siju Cave and Its Implication to Palaeoecological Study in South Garo Hills of Meghalaya, India -- Ground Penetrating Radar Investigation of Limestone Karst at the Odstrzelona Cave in Kowala, Swietokrzyskie Mountains, Poland -- Three-Dimensional Mobile Mapping of Caves -- Improved Karst Sinkhole Mapping in Kentucky Using LiDAR Techniques: A Pilot Study in Floyds Fork Watershed -- Sinkholes …

Diagnostic Issues And Clinical Spectrum Of Childhood Degenerative Brain Diseases, Tipu Sultan, Ashfa Ameer Khan, Muhammad Arshad Khawaja, Zia Ur Rahman, Ahsan Waheed Rathore

Pakistan Journal of Neurological Sciences (PJNS)

To find out the spectrum of clinical presentation and typesof neurodegenerative disorders of childhoodin tertiary care child neurology centre of Pakistan. To find out the role of brain imaging in the diagnosis of degenerative brain disorders in children. Methods: It will bea retrospective, descriptive study conducted at department of paediatric neurology,The Children’s Hospital, Institute of child health, Lahore, Pakistanfrom January 1st,2004 to December 31,2013 (10 years). A total of 22,737 patients were admitted in the Paediatric Neurology department in the above said period. Out of them 366 children fulfilled the inclusion criteria. History, clinical examination and relevant investigations were evaluated …

Engineering Design Challenge, Lindsay B. Wheeler, Brooke A. Whitworth, Amanda L. Gonczi

Publications

No abstract provided.

The R Journal (December 2014) 6(2): Complete Issue, The R Foundation

The R Journal

Editorial, Deepayan Sarkar

Contributed Research Articles

Coordinate-Based Meta-Analysis of fMRI Studies with R, Andrea Stocco

Automatic Conversion of Tables to LongForm Dataframes, Jimmy Oh

Prinsimp, Jonathan Zhang, Nancy Heckman, Davor Cubranic, Joel G. Kingsolver, Travis Gaydos, and J. S. Marron

phaseR: An R Package for Phase Plane Analysis of Autonomous ODE Systems, Michael J. Grayling

Flexible R Functions for Processing Accelerometer Data, with Emphasis on NHANES 2003-2006, Dane R. Van Domelen and W. Stephen Pittard

Applying spartan to Understand Parameter Uncertainty in Simulations, Kieran Alden, Mark Read, Paul S. Andrews, Jon Timmis, and Mark Coles

ngspatial: A Package for Fitting …

Real-Time Dynamics Of The Confining String, Frasher Loshaj

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

Quantum chromodynamics (QCD) describes the interaction of quarks and gluons, which are charged under the color group. Due to confinement of color charge, only colorless hadrons are observed in experiment. At very short distances (hard processes), perturbation theory is a valid tool for calculations and predictions can be made which agree well with experiment. Confinement, which is not yet understood from first principles, is important even for hard processes, because after the perturbative evolution is finished, the final colored particles combine to create the final state hadrons. There are many effective theories of confinement developed over the years. We will …

Integrability And Non-Integrability In The Ising Model, Michael Assis

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

The Ising model at magnetic field H=0 is one of the most important exactly solved models in statistical mechanics, solved on the square lattice in 1944 by Onsager, and later by others on the triangular lattice; its magnetic susceptibility at H=0 continues to be an unsolved aspect of the model, however. The susceptibility can either be viewed as a sum over all correlation functions of the integrable model at H=0, or else as a second derivative of the free energy of the non-integrable Ising model in a field. Therefore, its analytic properties, though derived from the non-integrable model, can be …

The Effect Of Patch Dynamics And Nutrient Availability On The Production Of Zostera Marina Seeds Within Shinnecock Bay, Ny, Lisa Jackson

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

Exposing Zostera marina to fertilized porewater has been shown to increase vegetative shoot density and leaf growth rates, as well as affect morphological shoot characteristics including increasing leaf length, leaf area and the number of leaves per shoot. However, aside from changes in shoot density, records of morphological changes in reproductive shoots subjected to increased nutrient availability are lacking. To address this, five replicate ambient and nutrient enriched patches, each between 0.5 and 2.0 m2, were selected within a developing Z. marina meadow in Shinnecock Bay, NY. Fertilizer stakes, with a N:P:K of 15:3:3, were used to amend enriched patches …

On The Subject Of Analyzing Iron And Sulfur Bearing Minerals From Three Extreme Environments: Geological Sequestration, Acid Mine Drainage, And Mars, Elizabeth Christ Sklute

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

The global iron and sulfur cycles are linked to some of the most ancient metabolisms on our planet, and, therefore, possibly other planetary bodies. They are also linked to some of our most pressing environmental problems on Earth. Understanding their interactions and monitoring their occurrence is, therefore, an important aspect of exploring planetary bodies and sustainable resource management. This dissertation reports investigations into the identification and analysis of iron and sulfur bearing phases in three extreme environments: Acid-gas/CO₂ co-sequestration, acid mine drainage (AMD), and Mars. H₂S and SO₂ (acid gases) are often co-contaminants in CO_{2 …}

Narrative Mysteries Prompt Creative Participation, William George Wenzel

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

This project demonstrates the importance of using research on creativity to enhance theories of people's experiences of narrative worlds. My goal was to expand theoretical accounts of the types of cognitive processes that narratives engage. The project addressed ways in which the occurrence of mysteries (gaps in readers' knowledge) prompts people to engage in creative thinking. The overarching claim is that authors invite readers to participate in mysteries, and readers often take up that call. As mysteries unfold in time, so too should the creative process. Therefore, I wrote a series of stories with mysteries, using the creative process as …

Learning About A Reciprocating Opponent In An Iterated Prisoner's Dilemma, Pei-Pei Liu

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

Research has shown that reciprocation increases individuals' willingness to cooperate. This study investigates how individuals learn to cooperate with reciprocating opponents. To do so, we evaluated individuals' expectations about the behavior of their opponents during an iterated Prisoner's Dilemma (PD). In four experiments, participants played with a Tit-For-Tat (TFT) algorithm that occasionally failed to reciprocate. In Experiment 1, we first established whether individuals actually develop expectations about their opponents by utilizing a concurrent task. Our results indicate that when the opponents did not reciprocate, participants engaged in greater cognitive processing and were slower to respond to the concurrent task. Experiment …

Population Dynamics Of Juvenile Atlantic Sturgeon, Acipenser Oxyrinchus Oxyrinchus, Within The Northwest Atlantic Ocean, Keith Joseph Dunton

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

The Atlantic sturgeon, Acipenser oxyrinchus, an anadromous long-lived fish has experienced substantial population declines leading to its recent listing under the Endangered Species Act. While this fish occupies and requires both riverine and marine habitats, a lack of knowledge regarding marine distribution/habitat use is hindering conservation measures directed at restoring depleted populations. Currently, concerns exist that Atlantic sturgeon populations are being hindered by incidental captures along their migrations routes within the near shore coastal fisheries. In order to best manage human activities in a way that populations may recover fully, it is necessary to understand the association between Atlantic sturgeon …

Alterations To The Unique Dna Binding Mode Mediated By Mterf1 Have Implications Of Pathogenesis In Mitochondrial Disease, James Byrnes

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

Human mitochondria are found in all eukaryotic cells. They are dynamic double membrane organelles that can vary in shape, size and amount depending on cell types. In humans, mitochondria contain a 16.5 kb genome that encodes for 22 tRNAs, two rRNAs and 13 proteins that make up the mitochondrial contribution of the oxidative phosphorylation system (OXPHOS). This system produces the majority of energy used by the cell in the form of ATP and is critical for cell viability. In order for the OXPHOS system to produce ATP, it is dependent on the proper expression of the mitochondrial genome. Thus, errors …

Surface Modification Of Adenovirus Type 5 Vectors Via Two-Step Metabolic Labeling For Pet Imaging, Jai Inder Pal

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

Surface modification of viruses is of great interest for therapeutic gene delivery. Numerous viruses have been, and continue to be engineered in an attempt to optimize them for targeted in vivo gene therapy. Adenovirus has been shown by a myriad of publications to be the most efficient delivery vehicle in different cell types. But while it is the preferred delivery agent in many gene therapy studies, drawbacks such as off-targeting, immune response and toxicity still hinder it from being used in clinical studies. In an attempt to modify the surface of Adenovirus efficiently, our lab developed a simple two-step labeling …

The Role Of Beta Activity In Blink Abnormalities In A Rat Model Of Parkinson's Disease, Jaime Kaminer

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease that causes difficulty initiating voluntary movements among other symptoms. Electrophysiological work highlights the presence of exaggerated synchronized beta band (10-30 Hz) oscillations throughout the cortico-basal ganglia network in PD. Although a causal role of beta oscillations in PD symptoms has not been established, many hypothesize that beta activity is " antikinetic" and the source of Parkinsonian motor symptoms. This relationship remains unclear because the strength of beta oscillations changes dynamically with cues that initiate movement and because the voluntary motor symptoms of PD are often not present in animal models of PD. …

The Influences Of Interparental Conflict And Parenting On Children's Social Competence, Nadia Samad

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

Young children's social competence has profound effects on developmental outcomes (Diener & Kim, 2004). It has been well-established that children's home environments (i.e. | parenting, interparental conflict) are related to children's later social competence (O'Connor, Jenkins, Hewitt, DeFries, & Plomin, 2001; Parke et al. | 2001). A structural model was proposed that posited children's social information processing as a mechanism through which interparental conflict and parenting predict children's social competence. To test the proposed model, 397 families with at least one child between the ages of four and eight participated in the present study. The proposed model was analyzed and …

Uses And Issues Of Handheld Devices In The College Classroom Or How I Learned To Stop Worrying And Love Technology In The Classroom, Christine Marie Campana

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

This paper will explore various uses and issues of cell phones and handheld devices in the college classroom. This includes a review of the literature, pedagogical issues and recommendations, and current research. In higher education, teachers must be prepared to integrate at least some of the currently available technology into their classrooms. Teachers need to understand how it works so they can better communicate with students and understand how technology has changed students' capacity to learn. Today's college students are digital natives, having grown up with electronic and computerized technology, thereby seeming to have originated from the place of technology. …

Nitrogen Loading To The South Shore, Eastern Bays, Ny: Sources, Impacts, And Management Options, Isabelle Stinnette

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

The excessive delivery of nitrogen from land into coastal waters can lead to a host of environmental problems including algal blooms, hypoxic zones, habitat loss, and acidification. While many of these environmental problems have manifested themselves within Long Island's coastal bays, the quantity and sources of nitrogen are largely unknown in much of this region, making the development of effective management plans to ameliorate these problems exceedingly difficult. This study was designed to quantify nitrogen loads and sources to Moriches, Quantuck and Shinnecock Bays within the eastern extent of Long Island's South Shore Estuary Reserve. Further this study assessed water …

Utilizing Visual Attention And Inclination To Facilitate Brain-Computer Interface Design In An Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Sample, David B. Ryan

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Individuals who suffer from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) have a loss of motor control and possibly the loss of speech. A brain-computer interface (BCI) provides a means for communication through nonmuscular control. Visual BCIs have shown the highest potential when compared to other modalities; nonetheless, visual attention concepts are largely ignored during the development of BCI paradigms. Additionally, individual performance differences and personal preference are not considered in paradigm development. The traditional method to discover the best paradigm for the individual user is trial and error. Visual attention research and personal preference provide the building blocks and guidelines to develop …

The Vascular Flora Of Steele Creek Park And A Quantitative Study Of Vegetation Patterns In Canopy Gaps, Sullivan County, Tennessee, Phillip C. Klahs

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

An inventory of vascular plants was conducted in Steele Creek Park in Sullivan County, Tennessee from March 2013 to September 2014. The park covers an area of 892 ha and lies within the Ridge and Valley Province. The inventory of vascular plants documented 547 species of 323 genera and 101 families. Two hundred sixteen taxa were newly reported for Sullivan County. Tennessee Special Concern Species included Cardamine rotundifolia, Castanea dentata, Lonicera dioica, Allium tricoccum, Cypripedium acaule, and Panax quinquefolius. A single species, Juglans cinerea L., is considered a Tennessee Threatened Species. Vegetation patterns were studied quantitatively by installing 10 …

Spatial And Temporal Comparisons Of Gopher Rockfish (Sebastes Carnatus) Life History And Condition In South Central California, Natasha Leigh Meyers-Cherry

Master's Theses

Recent studies have shown environmental factors influence life history traits in fishes. Understanding intraspecific variability of life history characteristics and condition is necessary to determine local fisheries management strategies. Gopher rockfish, Sebastes carnatus, comprise 50% of the estimated shallow nearshore recreational rockfish catch in California, yet insufficient local data exist regarding life history traits and condition of this species. Our study locally defines growth parameters (maximum size and age), size (age) at reproductive maturity, and condition (hepatosomatic indices) for gopher rockfish in south central California. The growth parameter values of gopher rockfish from our study are similar to previously …

Tools For Financing Local Bicycle And Pedestrian Improvements: Moving From Planning To Implementation In A Fiscally Constrained Environment, Elissa Mcdade

Master's Theses

Communities across the United States, of all sizes, have accepted that maintaining the automobile-centric design of their cities is not a sustainable way to plan for the future growth, public health or safety of their cities or citizens. As a result, communities have begun to embrace a shift in their design and engineering standards to allow for pedestrian and bicycle friendly facilities that safely accommodate and encourage mode choice. Through the collective will of the public and city leadership, communities are rapidly moving toward implementing plans and design standards that re-establish the public right of way as safe and accessible …

A Performance Study And Characterization Of A Single Use Pharmaceutical Vibrational Mixer Using Computational Fluid Dynamics, Michael C. Eichermueller

Master's Theses

A single use pharmaceutical mixer was analyzed for performance with various system configurations using Computational Fluid Dynamics. The analysis was conducted across a range of oscillation frequencies and liquid fill levels within a fully sealed mixing tank to determine the rate of fluid homogenization, liquid shear, velocity profiles and force application utilizing a single and dual mixer flat plate head configuration. These characteristics are useful for predicting the expected mixing time of a fluid and how much fluid shear is acting on protein cultures that are intended to be grown in the mixing vessel. General trends show that larger fill …