Digital Commons Network^™

Application Of Dietary Fish Oil In Dairy Cow Reproduction, Anna Zwyrzykowska, Robert Kupczynski

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Feed fats are commonly used as a component of high-yielding cow diet rations. Many studies have been conducted on the effects of fat supplementation on metabolism, milk composition, and improvements in dairy cow reproduction. The positive effects on fat (vegetable oil) and energy supplementation on improvements in reproduction are well documented. Consumption of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), including n-3 acids, in appropriate feed doses improves fertility of dairy cows. A fat source with high levels of acids such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is marine oil, especially fish and algae. By modification of cow rations, EPA and …

Molecular, Cellular, And Physiological Determinants Of Bull Fertility, Alexis Marie Parisi, Shannon Kate Thompson, Abdullah Kaya, Erdoğan Memi̇li̇

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Bull fertility, defined as the ability of the spermatozoon to fertilize and activate the ovum and then support embryonic and even fetal development, is a crucial factor influencing animal reproduction and production efficiency. Despite significant influences of fertility on herd genetic improvement and efficient cattle production, the mechanisms regulating this phenotype and reliable biomarkers associated with bull fertility are poorly defined. Specifically, there is a broad lack of knowledge in bull fertility. In this paper, bull fertility is reviewed within the context of animal systems physiology, and system biology markers associated with bull fertility are provided. This mini-review is intended …

Cholesterol Efflux From Sperm: Approaches And Applications, Zahid Naseer, Ejaz Ahmad, Meli̇h Aksoy

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Following ejaculation, sperm appear morphologically mature, but functionally they are inactive. To attain functional capability or capacitation in vivo, sperm must reside in the female reproductive tract for a certain period of time before fertilization. In the female reproductive tract, cholesterol efflux from the sperm plasma membrane is considered vital for the initiation of capacitation. A number of in vitro studies have used biological and nonphysiological means to understand the phenomenon of cholesterol efflux and capacitation. In this review, we present a short overview of the role of cholesterol efflux in regulating sperm capacitation using various agents. This review provides …

The Effect Of Short-Term Lupin (Lupinus Angustifolius) Feed Supplementation On Serum Steroid Hormones, Insulin-Like Growth Factor I, And Ovarian Follicular Development And Atresia In Merino Ewes, Radoslava Vlckova, Jan Posivak, Igor Valocky, Zuzana Kravcova, Andrea Eibenová, Drahomia Sopkova

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The effects of short-term lupin supplementation on ovulation rate in ewes during oestrous season are well known. In this study, we tested the effects of an 8-day lupin supplementation on folliculogenesis during anoestrus applied over the hormonal treatment of ewes. Fourteen anoestrous Merino ewes were assigned into 2 groups (n = 7 for each) in which the control group was fed a basal diet and the experimental group was supplemented with lupin groats (500 g per head per day). Both groups were treated intramuscularly with 12.5 µg/head lecirelinum (luteinising hormone releasing hormone super analogue) on the first day of supplementation …

Expression Of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor And Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1 Alpha During The Periovulatory Period In Goats, Chainarong Navanukraw, Jiratti Thammasiri, Tossapol Moonmanee, Jaruk Nutthakornkul

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

To evaluate the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1 alpha) during the periovulatory period, goat ovaries were collected at 0, 4, 8, 12, 24, and 48 h after treatment with 300 IU hCG. Total cellular RNA was isolated and VEGF and HIF-1 alpha were quantified using real-time RT-PCR. The mRNA levels of VEGF in thecal tissue remained unchanged prior to ovulation. However, the mRNA levels of VEGF in thecal tissues at 48 h increased to 7.5-fold of the level at 0 h (P < 0.05). In granulosa tissue, the VEGF mRNA levels were not detected in granulosa cells at 48 h. In thecal tissue, the mRNA level of HIF-1 1 alpha at 4 h was 1.5-fold of the level at 0 h and remained unchanged during 8-24 h; however the levels were significantly increased at 48 h. The mRNA levels of HIF-1 alpha in granulosa at 4 h was not changed but levels were increased (P < 0.05) at 8 h and at 12 h and then decreased at 24 and 48 h, respectively. These data describe the relationships of VEGF- and HIF-1 alpha -dependent angiogenesis during the periovulatory periods by which hypoxia during ovulation is crucial for establishing the thecal new vasculature.

Genotyping-By-Sequencing For Populus Population Genomics: An Assessment Of Genome Sampling Patterns And Filtering Approaches, M. Schilling, Paul G. Wolf, A. M. Duffy, H. S. Rai, C. A. Rowe, B. A. Richardson, K. E. Mock

Biology Faculty Publications

Continuing advances in nucleotide sequencing technology are inspiring a suite of genomic approaches in studies of natural populations. Researchers are faced with data management and analytical scales that are increasing by orders of magnitude. With such dramatic advances comes a need to understand biases and error rates, which can be propagated and magnified in large-scale data acquisition and processing. Here we assess genomic sampling biases and the effects of various population-level data filtering strategies in a genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) protocol. We focus on data from two species of Populus, because this genus has a relatively small genome and is emerging …

Production Of Destruxins From Metarhizium Spp. Fungi In Artificial Medium And In Endophytically Colonized Cowpea Plants, P. S. Golo, D. R. Gardner, Michelle M. Grilley, Jon Y. Takemoto, S. B. Krasnoff, M. S. Pires, E. K. K. Férnandes, V. R. Bittencourt, Donald W. Roberts

Biology Faculty Publications

Destruxins (DTXs) are cyclic depsipeptides produced by many Metarhizium isolates that have long been assumed to contribute to virulence of these entomopathogenic fungi. We evaluated the virulence of 20 Metarhizium isolates against insect larvae and measured the concentration of DTXs A, B, and E produced by these same isolates in submerged (shaken) cultures. Eight of the isolates (ARSEF 324, 724, 760, 1448, 1882, 1883, 3479, and 3918) did not produce DTXs A, B, or E during the five days of submerged culture. DTXs were first detected in culture medium at 2–3 days in submerged culture. Galleria mellonella and Tenebrio molitor …

Activity Of 3\Beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Associated With Progesterone Production In Bovine Granulosa Cells Cultured Under Different Concentrations Of Serum, Insulin-Like Growth Factor I, And Gonadotropin, Özkan Şi̇mşek, Monika Mihm

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Three-\beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3\beta-HSD) is the enzyme responsible for progesterone production. This study aimed to determine whether 3\beta-HSD activity can be shown to reflect progesterone production by granulosa cells cultured under different serum conditions and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinising hormone (LH), and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) concentrations. Large bovine follicles were dissected from abattoir ovaries to recover granulosa cells. Cells were washed, stained for viability, and plated for 48 h in basic medium with or without 5% foetal calf serum (FCS). Subsequently, cells were exposed to FSH (1 ng/mL), LH (10 or 100 ng/mL), or FSH (1 ng/mL) + …

Calving Assistance Influences The Occurrence Of Umbilical Cord Pathologies Treated Surgically In Calves, Carlos Moscuzza, Horacio Milicich, Guadalupe Alvarez, Betiana Gutierrez, Mariano Nahum

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Ninety-two umbilical pathologies were surgically treated in Holstein, Aberdeen Angus, and Polled Hereford calves, both males and females, whose ages ranged between 2 and 8 months. The pathology diagnosis was performed considering the main anatomical elements involved in the umbilical cord, the inflammation progression, and the macroscopic characteristics of injuries. The umbilical cord pathologies were related to calving characteristics. The proportion of affected umbilical cords in calves born via assisted calving (77%) was significantly higher than that observed in calves born from normal parturition. The umbilical cord pathology of highest occurrence was omphalophlebitis (53.2%). A considerable proportion of infectious diseases …

Association Of Molecular Polymorphism In Exon 2 Of Ovar-Drb1 Gene With Weight Traits In Iranian Makuie Sheep Breed, Fereshteh Ashrafi, Karim Mardani, Ali Hashemi, Reza Darvishzadeh, Mohammad Farhadian

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Exon 2 of the Ovar-DRB1 gene of 90 Makuie sheep was amplified and analyzed by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism techniques. Ten alleles and 18 genotypes were identified. The frequencies of the genotypes were 0.317, 0.1585, 0.0121, 0.0365, 0.0121, 0.0243, 0.0243, 0.1097, 0.0121, 0.0487, 0.0121, 0.0365, 0.0365, 0.0487, 0.0121, 0.0121, 0.0487, and 0.0365 for AA, AB, AE, FF, AM, BO, EO, IO, OM, AP, BP, OP, PP, AQ, OQ, PQ, QQ, and AV, respectively. Allele frequencies were 0.4756, 0.0976, 0.0183, 0.0366, 0.0549, 0.0122, 0.1098, 0.0915, 0.0854, and 0.0183 for A, B, E, F, I, M, O, P, …

Size Dependent Translocation And Fetal Accumulation Of Gold Nanoparticles From Maternal Blood In The Rat, Manuela Semmler-Behnke, Jens Lipka, Alexander Wenk, Martin Schaeffer, Furong Tian, Gunter Schmid, Gunter Oberdorster, Wolfgang Kreyling

Articles

There is evidence that nanoparticles (NP) cross epithelial and endothelial body barriers. We hypothesized that gold (Au) NP, once in the blood circulation of pregnant rats, will cross the placental barrier during pregnancy size-dependently and accumulate in the fetal organism by 1. transcellular transport across the hemochorial placenta, 2. transcellular transport across amniotic membranes 3. transport through ~20 nm wide transtrophoblastic channels in a size dependent manner. The three AuNP sizes used to test this hypothesis are either well below, or of similar size or well above the diameters of the transtrophoblastic channels.

Faculty Authors & Achievers Bibliography 2014, Luke Vilelle

WRL: Faculty Authors & Achievers Bibliographies

The office of the Vice President for Academic Affairs and the Wyndham Robertson Library congratulate all Hollins faculty who published or presented creative or scholarly works from Fall 2012 through Summer 2014. This bibliography includes a list of those activities.

Expressions, Winter 2014, San Jose State University, College Of The Humanities And The Arts

Expressions (College of Humanities and the Arts)

College of Humanities and the Arts Newsletter, Volume 1

The Philosophers' Stone: Alchemical Imagination And The Soul's Logical Life, Stanton Marlan

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Alchemy has been viewed within the context of the history of natural science as a precursor to and a primitive form of chemistry. The enigmatic goal of the alchemical process, the Philosophers' Stone, is the focus of this dissertation. A natural scientific approach has shed little light on the mythical, esoteric and symbolic attributes of the Stone, which are intrinsic parts of the alchemical imagination. From the larger perspective of the history of the human spirit, these neglected aspects of the Philosophers' Stone can be seen as vital dimensions of an ancient religious and spiritual philosophy, the goal of which …

The Effects Of Elevated Total Dissolved Solids On The Behavior And Survival Of The Allegheny Mountain Dusky Salamander, Desmognathus Ochrophaeus, Megan M. Morrissey

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Elevated total dissolved solids (TDS) have been found in streams in Pennsylvania primarily due to unconventional natural gas development (UNGD) and mine drainage. TDS is the concentration of dissolved salts in water. To understand the effects of TDS on amphibians, a semi-aquatic salamander (Desmognathus ochrophaeus exposed to synthetic solutions containing TDS up to 5,000 ppm. In an initial study, animals exposed to a solution of approximately 2,000 ppm TDS containing elevated sulfate experienced reduced survival and decreased locomotory activity. Follow-up studies were consistent with the hypothesis that elevated TDS had adverse effects on survival, but effects were not seen unless …

Vortioxetine Dose-Dependently Reverses 5-Ht Depletion-Induced Deficits In Spatial Working And Object Recognition Memorya Potential Role For 5-Ht1a Receptor Agonism And 5-Ht3 Receptor Antagonism, Kristian Gaarn Du Jardin, Jesper Bornø Jensen, Connie Sanchez, Alan Pehrson

Department of Psychology Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

We previously reported that the investigational multimodal antidepressant, vortioxetine, reversed 5-HT depletion-induced memory deficits while escitalopram and duloxetine did not. The present report studied the effects of vortioxetine and the potential impact of its 5-HT1A receptor agonist and 5-HT3 receptor antagonist properties on 5-HT depletion-induced memory deficits. Recognition and spatial working memory were assessed in the object recognition (OR) and Y-maze spontaneous alternation (SA) tests, respectively. 5-HT depletion was induced in female Long-Evans rats using 4-cholro-DL-phenylalanine methyl ester HCl (PCPA) and receptor occupancies were determined by ex vivo autoradiography. Rats were acutely dosed with vortioxetine, ondansetron (5-HT3 receptor antagonist) or …

Multimodal Antidepressant Vortioxetine Increases Frontal Cortical Oscillations Unlike Escitalopram And Duloxetine - A Quantitative Eeg Study In Rats, Steven C. Leiser, Alan Pehrson, Philip J. Robichaud, Connie Sanchez

Department of Psychology Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

Background and Purpose EEG studies show that 5-HT is involved in regulation of sleep-wake state and modulates cortical oscillations. Vortioxetine is a 5-HT3, 5-HT7, and 5-HT1D receptor antagonist, 5-HT1B partial agonist, 5-HT1A agonist, and 5-HT transporter inhibitor. Preclinical (animal) and clinical studies with vortioxetine show positive impact on cognitive metrics involving cortical function. Here we assess vortioxetine's effect on cortical neuronal oscillations in actively awake rats. Experimental Approach Telemetric EEG recordings were obtained with the following treatments (mg·kg-1, s.c.): vehicle, vortioxetine (0.1, 1.0, 3.0, 10), 5-HT1A agonist flesinoxan (2.5), 5-HT3 antagonist ondansetron (0.30), 5-HT7 antagonist SB-269970-A (10), escitalopram (2.0), duloxetine …

Semantically-Based Therapeutic Approach Through Aided Language Stimulation In A Child With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Annemarie Rozier Hall

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The use of aided language stimulation in the context of a semantically-based therapeutic approach was studied using a single-subject design with a 7-year-old child with autism spectrum disorder who was minimally verbal. Techniques for increasing word retrieval (e.g., the repeated modeling of a small number of target words/symbols) were used in theme-based sessions in conjunction with modeling the use of picture symbols. Overall, the intervention had a small effect on the child's production of single spoken words, but had a large effect on her production of picture symbol combinations and spoken word + picture symbol combinations. No specific effect for …

Contribution Of Nucleus Accumbens Core To Impulsive Choice: Role Of Dopamine And Glutamate Systems, Justin R. Yates

Theses and Dissertations--Psychology

Impulsive choice refers to the inability to delay gratification and is associated with increased drug abuse vulnerability. Understanding the underlying neural mechanisms linking impulsive choice and drug abuse can contribute to improved treatment options for individuals with substance use disorders. Evidence suggests a major role for nucleus accumbens core (NAcc) in impulsive choice and the reinforcing effects of drugs of abuse. The neurotransmitters glutamate (Glu) and dopamine (DA) are implicated in the neural adaptations observed in drug addiction; however, the role of intra-NAcc Glu and DA in impulsive choice is unclear. Rats were trained in a delay discounting task, in …

Be Ye Fruitful And Multiply: Does Religious Activation Increase Reproductive Desire?, Erik M. Lund

Theses and Dissertations--Psychology

While many norms sustain or destabilize certain religions, one domain is particularly relevant to the survival of some religions over others: norms about fertility and reproduction. Thus far, several ethnographic and correlational studies have found a positive association between religiosity and fertility rate, but there is a dearth of laboratory investigation utilizing experimental methods to isolate causation. In Study 1, I found that experimentally activating religious concepts led to an increased desire to have children (N = 462). In Study 2, the focal study, I attempted to replicate and extend the previous study by examining implicit behavior (N …

Acute Effects Of Alcohol On Simulated Driving Performance And Self-Perceptions Of Impairment In Dui Offenders, Nicholas A. Van Dyke

Theses and Dissertations--Psychology

Licensed drivers arrested for driving under the influence (DUI) of alcohol have increased rates of vehicle crashes, moving violations, and traffic tickets (Evans, 2004). To date, no research has examined specific self-regulatory mechanisms of the DUI driver under a dose of alcohol that might underlie risky driving behavior. The present study examined the degree to which DUI drivers display an increased sensitivity to the acute impairing effects of alcohol on driving performance and overestimate their driving fitness following alcohol consumption. Adult drivers with a history of DUI and a demographically-matched group of control drivers without a DUI were tested following …

Benefit Corporations—The Latest Development In The Evolution Of Social Enterprise: Are They Worthy Of A Taxpayer Subsidy?, Mystica M. Alexander

Seton Hall Journal of Legislation and Public Policy

No abstract provided.

The Internet And Its Discontents: 3-D Printing, The Commerce Clause, And A Possible Solution To An Inevitable Problem, Jeffrey T. Leslie

SMU Science and Technology Law Review

No abstract provided.

Moderamen Inculpatae Tutelae: The Jurisprudence Of A Justifiable Defense, Kenneth Pennington

Scholarly Articles

Intentionality and proportionality enter the jurisprudence dealing with rights of defense at the end of the third century of the common era. A rescript of the emperors Diocletian and Maximian to a certain Theodorus in 290 A.D. resolved a legal issue that had arisen from a court case. The question sent to the imperial court must have been: what kind of a defense a person can use if a robber attempts to take his property away. The imperial court’s response coined a new term, “moderamen inculpatae tutelae” that had never been used before, at least not in the sources that …

Inhibition Of Phosphodiesterase10a Attenuates Morphine-Induced Conditioned Place Preference, Ying Mu, Zhaoxiang Ren, Jia Jia, Bo Gao, Longtai Zheng, Eitan Friedman

Publications and Research

Background: Phosphodiesterase (PDE) 10A is selectively expressed in medium spiny neurons of the striatum. Nucleus accumbens (NAc) is a key region that mediates drug reward and addiction-related behaviors. To investigate the potential role of PDE10A in the reinforcement properties of morphine, we tested the effect of MP-10, a selective inhibitor of PDE10A, on acquisition, expression, and extinction of morphine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP).

Results: The results show that 2.5 mg/kg MP-10, administered subcutaneously, significantly inhibited the acquisition of morphine-induced CPP. The same dose of MP-10 alone did not result in the CPP. Moreover, MP-10 did not alter the expression of …

Misconstruing Graham & Miller, Cara H. Drinan

Scholarly Articles

In the last three years the Supreme Court has decreed a sea change in its juvenile Eighth Amendment jurisprudence. In particular, in its Graham v. Florida and Miller v. Alabama rulings, the Court struck down a majority of the states’ juvenile sentencing laws, outlawing life without parole for juveniles who commit non-homicide offenses and mandating individualized sentencing for those children who commit even the most serious crimes. An examination of state laws and sentencing practices, however, suggests that the Graham and Miller rulings have fallen on deaf ears. After briefly describing what these two decisions required of the states, in …

Observations On Macdonald V. Moose, Kevin C. Walsh

Scholarly Articles

In MacDonald v. Moose, a split panel of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit granted a petition for a writ of habeas corpus to undo the state criminal conviction of an adult for soliciting oral sex from a minor. Based on Lawrence v. Texas, the court held a longstanding Virginia prohibition of bestiality and sodomy to be partially facially unconstitutional. Its decision left the bestiality prohibition untouched while holding the sodomy prohibition completely unenforceable, even as applied in cases involving minors.

The panel majority misapplied the deferential standard of review required by Congress for federal habeas …

Judge Posner, Judge Wilkinson, And Judicial Critique Of Constitutional Theory,, Kevin C. Walsh, Marc O. Degirolami

Scholarly Articles

Judge Richard Posner's well-known view is that constitutional theory is useless. And Judge J Harvie Wilkinson III has lambasted constitutional theory for the way in which its "cosmic" aspirations threaten democratic self-governance. Many other judges hold similar views. And yet both Posner and Wilkinson-in the popular press, in law review articles, and in books-have advocated what appear to be their own theories of how to judge in constitutional cases. Judicial pragmatism for Posner and judicial restraint for Wilkinson seem to be substitutes for originalism, living constitutionalism, political process theory, and so on. But both Posner and Wilkinson also deny that …

Lichens Of Six Vernal Pools In Acadia National Park, Me, Usa, J. Barton, B. Ciccotelli, J. E. Gall, F. C. Olday, B. Connery, T. B. Harris, A. M. Fryday, Nishanta Rajakaruna

Faculty Publications, Biological Sciences

Whereas lichen-habitat relations have been well-documented globally, literature on lichens of vernal pools is scant. We surveyed six vernal pools at Acadia National Park on Mount Desert Island, Maine, USA for their lichen diversity. Sixty-seven species were identified, including seven species that are new reports for Acadia National Park: Fuscidea arboricola, Hypogymnia incurvoides, Lepraria finkii, Phaeographis inusta, Ropalospora viridis, Usnea flammea, and Violella fucata. Five species are considered uncommon or only locally common in New England: Everniastrum catawbiense, Hypogymnia krogiae, Pseudevernia cladonia, Usnea flammea, and Usnea merrillii. This work represents the first survey of lichens from vernal pools in Acadia …

Geoecology, Nishanta Rajakaruna, S. Boyd

Faculty Publications, Biological Sciences

No abstract provided.