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Graduate Catalog, 2014-2015, Marshall University

Marshall University Catalogs 2010-2019

Marshall University Graduate Course Catalog for the 2014-2015 academic year.

Management Of Severe Hyponatremia: Infusion Of Hypertonic Saline And Desmopressin Or Infusion Of Vasopressin Inhibitors?, Antonios H. Tzamaloukas Md, Joseph I. Shapiro Md, Dominic S. Raj Md, Glen H. Murata Md, Deepak Malhotra Md, Phd, Robert H. Glew Phd

Biochemistry and Microbiology

Rapid correction of severe hyponatremia carries the risk of osmotic demyelination. Two recently introduced methods of correction of hyponatremia have diametrically opposite effects on aquaresis. inhibitors of vasopressin V2 receptor (vaptans) lead to the production of dilute urine, whereas infusion of desmopressin causes urinary concentration. Identification of the category of hyponatremia that will benefit from one or the other treatment is critical. In general, vaptans are effective in hyponatremias presenting with concentrated urine and, with the exception of hypovolemic hyponatremia, can be used as their primary treatment. Desmopressin is effective in hyponatremias presenting with dilute urine or developing urinary dilution …

Recollections Of My Career, My Colleagues, And My Retirement, Henry Reeves

Henry Milton Reeves Collection

Finding Aid for this collection can be found here:

http://nwda.orbiscascade.org/ark:/80444/xv48889/.

The Pit Bull's Discourse: An Examination Of Discursive Construction, Karen Jennings

Bridges: A Journal of Student Research

Since the early 1980s, news reporters have used the pit bull as a scapegoat to get media attention by plastering the frightening image of a snarling, bloody dog across all news outlets. Over the years, the pit bull's image has suffered major blows to its already battered reputation with every new "dog attack" news story published. Each reporter's word choice, in both past and present news stories, has an effect on the reader's perception of the topic. By analyzing several unrelated stories about pit bulls, both good and bad, I reveal how word choice alone shapes a reader's perception while …

Western Michigan University Graduate Catalog 2014-2015, Western Michigan University

Western Michigan University Course Catalogs (1904-present)

• General Information
• Admission Procedures
• Academic Graduate Degree-Level Information
• Funding Issues
• Other Graduate Policies of Interest
• General University Policies
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• Course Descriptions (by College)

Group Behavior Among Model Bacteria Influences Particulate Carbon Remineralization Depths, K. A. S. Mislan, Charles A. Stock, John P. Dunne, Jorge L. Sarmiento

Journal of Marine Research

Organic particles sinking from the sunlit surface are oases of food for heterotrophic bacteria living in the deep ocean. Particle-attached bacteria need to solubilize particles, so they produce exoenzymes that cleave bonds to make molecules small enough to be transported through bacterial cell walls. Releasing exoenzymes, which have an energetic cost, to the external environment is risky because there is no guarantee that products of exoenzyme activity, called hydrolysate, will diffuse to the particle-attached bacterium that produced the exoenzymes. Strategies used by particle-attached bacteria to counteract diffusive losses of exoenzymes and hydrolysate are investigated in a water column model. We …

Deep Hypothermic Circulatory Arrest Effectively Preserves Neurocognitive Function, Katherine Hsin-Yu Chau

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Few (conflicting) studies have quantitatively assessed neurocognitive effects of deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA), and even fewer have looked at the long-term effects of DHCA. In this study, we aim to determine if DHCA negatively affects neurocognitive function and if so, are the effects long-term. We assess neurocognitive function quantitatively before and after DHCA and also in comparison with non-DHCA patients. 62 aortic surgical patients underwent a battery of neuropsychometric tests, both pre and post-operatively, evaluating multiple aspects of memory, processing speed, executive function, and global cognition. 33 patients did not require DHCA, and 29 underwent DHCA as the sole …

Nutritional Status Of Pediatric Inpatients In Kigali, Rwanda, Maria Nardell

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Background: In many resource-limited hospital settings, families struggle to pay for both food and medical expenses. To date, no study has looked at the nutritional status of pediatric inpatients in resource-limited countries or at factors related to food access in this vulnerable population.

Aims: This study investigates nutritional status and food intake of pediatric inpatients at Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Kigali (CHUK) in Rwanda to identify children at risk for inpatient food insecurity.

Methods: Caregivers of patients > 6 months of age and hospitalized for at least 1 week completed a validated food diversity survey. Individual Food Consumption Scores (FCS) were …

Contributions To An Arthropod Inventory Of Santa Cruz Island, California, Ida Naughton, Michael S. Caterino, Cause Hanna, David Holway

Publications

Arthropods have been understudied on Santa Cruz Island, resulting in an incomplete understanding of these diverse and ecologically important members of island ecosystems. To enhance the current understanding of Santa Cruz Island biodiversity, we sampled arthropods in 2 native plant habitats: island scrub oak (Quercus pacifica) woodland and patches of island morning glory (Calystegia macrostegia ssp. macrostegia). We used 4 standardized sampling techniques to sample arthropods in 16 Q. pacifica woodland plots. We sampled arthropods associated with C. macrostegia by pan trapping within 1 m of blooming morning glory individuals. In total, we sampled over 18,000 …

An Analysis Of Arthropod Interceptions By Aphis-Ppq And Customs And Border Protection In Puerto Rico, David A. Jenkins, Russell F. Mizell, Skip Van Bloem, Stefanie Whitmire, Leyinska Wiscovitch, Crystal Zaleski, Ricardo Goenaga

Publications

USDA Animal Plant Health Inspection Service Plant Protection and Quarantine (APHIS-PPQ) and Customs and Border Protection (CBP) inspect traffic entering the United States for arthropods posing a threat to national agriculture or ecosystems. We analyzed interceptions made by these agencies in Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands between October 2006 and December 2009 for patterns with regard to the frequency of interceptions, origins of interceptions, and the taxa intercepted. 6,952 arthropods were intercepted in freight or luggage entering Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands from foreign countries and 9,840 arthropods were intercepted from freight or luggage leaving Puerto …

Martin Cenquizqui, Christina Guillen

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The historical novel, Cortes Cenquizqui, set in sixteenth century Mexico and Spain, follows the conflicted lives and minds of several characters through an age of freshly crossing culture, language, and power. The narrator, Maria de Quesada of high ranking Spanish and Mexica parents, resents the white world for condemning her work as a female healer or curandera. Yet she acknowledges that she is ill-equipped to leave Mexico City to live in the outlying Indigenous villages. Maria recalls the tale of her three brothers who were caught in a web of pride and prejudices. Her interjections throughout shed light on questions …

Exploring The Potential Of Using Explicit Reflective Instruction Through Contextualized And Decontextualized Approaches To Teach First-Grade African American Girls The Practices Of Science, Gayle A. Buck, Valarie L. Akerson, Cassie F. Quigley, Ingrid S. Weiland

Publications

Contemporary science education policy documents call for curriculum and pedagogy that lead to students’ active engagement, over multiple years of school, in scientific practices. This participatory action research study answered the question, “How can we successfully put twenty-three first-grade African American girls attending a gender school in an impoverished school district on the path to learning the practices of scientists”. The Young Children’s Views of Science (YCVOS) (Lederman, 2009) was used to interview these first-graders pre-, mid- and post-instruction during an instructional unit designed in response to many of the pedagogical strategies research has demonstrated to be effective in other …

Interfaith Dialogue And A Lotus Practitioner: Yamada Etai, The Lotus Sutra, And The Religious Summit Meeting On Mt. Hiei, Stephen G. Covell

Comparative Religion Publications

This article is an examination of Yamada Etai, the 253rd head priest (zasu) of the Tendai denomination and his efforts to host the Religious Summit Meeting on Mt. Hiei. Following an in-depth analysis of Yamada’s understanding of the Lotus Sutra, especially as it relates to interfaith outreach, Yamada’s efforts to reshape contemporary Tendai Buddhism through a focus on compassionate service and salvation are examined in light of his efforts to put on a large-scale international interfaith meeting.

Ua45 2014-2015 Four-Year Degree Paths, Wku Registrar

WKU Administration Documents

An addendum to the 2014-2015 Undergraduate Catalog

The purpose of the Four-Year Degree Path is to assist undergraduate students in determining a timeline for completion of their undergraduate degree program. Each path displayed within this website provides students with the anticipated order in which a degree would typically be completed in a timely fashion at Western Kentucky University.

The Degree Paths show appropriate timing and spacing of general education, core course requirements, elective suggestions, prerequisites and displays how each of these requirements may be met during a four-year time frame.

The Degree Path is simply a guideline and might not …

Do You Believe He Can Fly? Royce White And Reasonable Accommodations Under The Americans With Disabilities Act For Nba Players With Anxiety Disorder And Fear Of Flying, Michael Mccann

Law Faculty Scholarship

This Article examines the legal ramifications of Royce White, a basketball player with general anxiety disorder and obsessive compulsive disorder, playing in the NBA. White's conditions cause him to have a fear of flying, thus making it difficult to play in the NBA. This subject is without precedent in sports law and, because of the unique aspects of an NBA playing career, lacks clear analogy to other employment circumstances. This dispute also illuminates broader legal and policy issues in the relationship between employment and mental illness.

This Article argues that White would likely fail in a lawsuit against an NBA …

Volume 68 Issue 1 (Spring/Summer 2014)

Utah Science

2 Growing Risk for Alzheimer’s Alzheimer’s disease is more than just forgetfulness. It robs people of their abilities to think, remember, reason and control their behavior. A combination of genetic and environmental factors contributes to the disease’s development, but the process may begin decades before symptoms appear. Researchers are working to discover what those factors might be and how people might decrease their risk of developing the disease.

8 Measuring Quality in Baby Steps Each day thousands of children in Utah spend part of their day in the care of someone other than their parents. The quality of daycare affects …

Voices Of Usu: An Anthology Of Student Essays, 2014, Utah State University Department Of English

Voices of USU

This collection of student writing represents the voices of over 2,000 students who enroll each academic year in Utah State University’s second-year composition course, Intermediate Writing: Research Writing in a Persuasive Mode. Voices of USU celebrates excellence in writing by providing undergraduate students of diverse backgrounds and disciplines the opportunity to have their work published.

Sea Turtle Conservation Program - 2014 Report, Derek Burkholder, Curtis Slagle

Sea Turtle Nesting Trends Technical Reports

No abstract provided.

Yale School Of Medicine Facts & Figures 2014-2015, Yale School Of Medicine Office Of Communications

Facts & Figures – annual Yale School of Medicine numbers

Provided by the Office of Communications, the Facts and Figures brochure is produced annually as a way to provide a snapshot of key facts and data related to the School of Medicine as well as the Medical Campus. This includes enrollment data, research activity, financial summaries, and more.

Frostpaw Addresses Global Warming, William Snape

PEEL Faculty Scholarship

Climate change impacts the law on many levels and in many ways. This Article asks a threshold question: what legal structures will most effectively reduce growing levels of anthropogenic greenhouse pollution? The answer is that an existing U.S. statute-the Clean Air Act-not only possesses clear commands to ratchet down greenhouse pollutants domestically, but also provides explicit authority to negotiate concomitant air pollution reduction with countries around the planet in a fair, transparent, and reciprocal fashion. Further, application of the Clean Air Act is consistent with other legal and policy tools to address global warming. This statute-based solution, while facially simple, …

Using Phylogenetically-Informed Annotation (Pia) To Search For Light-Interacting Genes In Transcriptomes From Non-Model Organisms, Daniel I. Speiser, M. Sabrina Pankey, Alexander K. Zaharoff, Barbara A. Battelle, Heather D. Bracken-Grissom, Jesse W. Breinholt, Seth M. Bybee, Thomas W. Cronin, Anders Garm, Annie R. Lindgren, Nipam H. Patel, Megan L. Porter, Meredith E. Protas, Anja S. Rivera, Jeanne M. Serb, Kirk S. Zigler, Keith A. Crandall, Todd H. Oakley

Collected Faculty Scholarship

Background: Tools for high throughput sequencing and de novo assembly make the analysis of transcriptomes (i.e. the suite of genes expressed in a tissue) feasible for almost any organism. Yet a challenge for biologists is that it can be difficult to assign identities to gene sequences, especially from non-model organisms. Phylogenetic analyses are one useful method for assigning identities to these sequences, but such methods tend to be time-consuming because of the need to re-calculate trees for every gene of interest and each time a new data set is analyzed. In response, we employed existing tools for phylogenetic analysis to …

Enhanced Trimethylation Of Histone H3 Mediates Impaired Expression Of Hepatic Glucose 6-Phosphatase Expression In Offspring From Rat Dams Exposed To Hypoxia During Pregnancy, Jessica E. Osumek, Andrew Revesz, Jude S. Morton, Sandra T. Davidge, Daniel B. Hardy

Paediatrics Publications

Given that hepatic glucose 6-phosphatase (G6Pase, involved in gluconeogenesis) has been demonstrated to be altered long term in animal models of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), we hypothesized that hypoxia in utero may regulate G6Pase expression via epigenetic mechanisms. To address this further, a rat model of maternal hypoxia leading to IUGR and impaired liver growth was utilized. In the 12-month-old male offspring of pregnant rat dams exposed to 11.5% atmospheric oxygen from gestational day (gd) 15 to gd 21, nonfasting glucose was lower in association with decreased hepatic G6Pase messenger RNA and protein levels. This was concomitant with enhanced methylation …

Low Birth Weight Male Guinea Pig Offspring Display Increased Visceral Adiposity In Early Adulthood., Ousseynou Sarr, Jennifer A Thompson, Lin Zhao, Ting-Yim Lee, Timothy Regnault

Paediatrics Publications

Uteroplacental insufficiency (UPI)-induced intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) predisposes individuals to adult visceral obesity. We postulated that low birth weight (LBW) offspring, from UPI-induced IUGR pregnancies, would display a visceral adipose lipogenic molecular signature involving altered gene expression, phosphorylation status of proteins of the lipid synthesis pathway and microRNA (miR) expression profile, occurring in association with increased visceral adiposity. Normal birth weight (NBW) and LBW (obtained by uterine artery ablation) male guinea pig pups were fed a control diet from weaning to 145 days and sacrificed. Despite being lighter at birth, LBW pups displayed body weights similar to NBW offspring at …

Brain Metastases From Breast Cancer: Lessons From Experimental Magnetic Resonance Imaging Studies And Clinical Implications., Donna Murrell, Paula J Foster, Ann F Chambers

Medical Biophysics Publications

Breast cancer that has metastasized to the brain presents difficult clinical challenges. This diagnosis comes with high mortality rates, largely due to complexities in early detection and ineffective therapies associated with both dormancy and impermeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the current gold standard for diagnosis and assessment of brain tumors. It has been used clinically to investigate metastatic development as well as monitor response to therapy. Here, we describe preclinical imaging strategies that we have used to study the development of brain metastases due to breast cancer. Using this approach, we have identified three …

Bilateral Saccadic Deficits Following Large And Reversible Inactivation Of Unilateral Frontal Eye Field., Tyler R Peel, Kevin Johnston, Stephen G Lomber, Brian D Corneil

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

Inactivation permits direct assessment of the functional contribution of a given brain area to behavior. Previous inactivation studies of the frontal eye field (FEF) have either used large permanent ablations or reversible pharmacological techniques that only inactivate a small volume of tissue. Here we evaluated the impact of large, yet reversible, FEF inactivation on visually guided, delayed, and memory-guided saccades, using cryoloops implanted in the arcuate sulcus. While FEF inactivation produced the expected triad of contralateral saccadic deficits (increased reaction time, decreased accuracy and peak velocity) and performance errors (neglect or misdirected saccades), we also found consistent increases in reaction …

Short-Duration Stimulation Of The Supplementary Eye Fields Perturbs Anti-Saccade Performance While Potentiating Contralateral Head Orienting., Brendan B Chapman, Brian D Corneil

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

Many forms of brain stimulation utilize the notion of state dependency, whereby greater influences are observed when a given area is more engaged at the time of stimulation. Here, by delivering intracortical microstimulation (ICMS) to the supplementary eye fields (SEF) of monkeys performing interleaved pro- and anti-saccades, we show a surprising diversity of state-dependent effects of ICMS-SEF. Short-duration ICMS-SEF passed around cue presentation selectively disrupted anti-saccades by increasing reaction times and error rates bilaterally, and also recruited neck muscles, favoring contralateral head turning to a greater degree on anti-saccade trials. These results are consistent with the functional relevance of the …

Teaching Correct Principles: The Experience Of The Church Of Jesus Christ Of Latter-Day Saints Responding To Widespread Social Acceptance Of Elective Abortion, Lynn D. Wardle

BYU Studies

LDS official policies and the teachings of General Authorities, beginning with Joseph Smith, have consistently decried elective abortion. Since the 1970s, social values in the United States have increasingly moved toward acceptance of elective abortion. Church leaders have consistently explained the underlying theological reasons for their policy that abortion should be illegal in most but not all cases and kept their focus on the specific practice (elective abortion) that was of major concern and avoided getting diverted by peripheral issues. This consistent message has successfully passed this value to younger generations of Church members.

"Doch Sehnend Stehst /Am Ufer Du” (“But Longing You Stand On The Shore”): Hölderlin, Philosophy, Subjectivity, And Finitude, Richard Thomas Eldridge

Philosophy Faculty Works

This essay first surveys Hölderlin’s mature philosophical sense of the human subject as caught ineluctably between abstract reflection and concrete receptivity, and it contrasts that sense briefly with the stances of Kant, Schiller, and Hegel. It then traces the consequences of this sense for Hölderlin’s poetology, and it concludes by showing how both this philosophical sense and this poetology are enacted in Hölderlin’s late, major fragment “Rousseau.”

Pcr Based Fetal Sex Determination In Bovine Circulating Maternal Plasma, E. Barkat, M. Labram, L. Rickords

Biology Posters

PCR-based fetal sex determination by use of fetal DNA in maternal plasma in bovine is a novel scientific method that has some cost advantages in the animal production industry. In this study, our objective was to determine fetal sex in pregnant cows and establish the lower boundary at which Y-chromosome specific fetal DNA could be detected in the circulating maternal plasma using Bov97M primers. In this experiment, our results showed that 10 pg was the limit in which the Y-chromosome specific DNA was detectable in the circulating maternal plasma. Future experiments will be conducted to determine the earliest gestational age …

Preventing Parasites: Developing A Deworming Protocol And Screening Animals At The Willow Park Zoo, Sydney Greenfield

Biology Posters

The primary object of this project was to research AZA and American Association of Zoo Veterinarian guidelines, write up a deworming protocol and schedule for the zoo, and finally begin screening collection animals.