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2013

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Analysis Of Morphology And Fauna Of Geometrinae (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) Of The Caribbean Region, David M. Plotkin Dec 2013

Analysis Of Morphology And Fauna Of Geometrinae (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) Of The Caribbean Region, David M. Plotkin

Theses and Dissertations

The Geometrinae, commonly known as emerald moths, are a diverse group of Lepidoptera with over 450 Neotropical species. However, Caribbean Geometrinae have received relatively little attention compared to the Geometrinae of mainland Central and South America. Using the method of Lee and Brown (2006), whole body mounts of descaled specimens of both Caribbean and mainland Neotropical Geometrinae were prepared. Morphological variation of exo- and endoskeletal characters among species, genera, and tribes of Neotropical Geometrinae is described. A faunistic study of Caribbean Geometrinae was also conducted using material from museums and private collections. The study includes definitions of species of Caribbean …

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Determination Of Beta-Carotene Content And Consumer Acceptability Of Sweet Potato Cookies By Adults And Preschool Children, Aja Marie Stokes Dec 2013

Determination Of Beta-Carotene Content And Consumer Acceptability Of Sweet Potato Cookies By Adults And Preschool Children, Aja Marie Stokes

Theses and Dissertations

Vitamin A deficiency is recognized as a major health concern worldwide, especially in developing countries. Sweet potatoes are a cash crop that is abundantly grown and available, providing an excellent source of the carotenoid, beta-carotene. Carotenoids are precursors to vitamin A (retinol). Three sweet potato cookie products were developed: glutenree, wheat-containing, and glutenree with extra sweet potato. Products were evaluated by adults and pre-school aged children based on appearance, aroma, texture, flavor, and overall acceptability. Results showed that overall the children liked both the glutenree and wheat-containing cookies (p<0.05). Adults preferred (p<0.05) the glutenree with extra sweet potato and the wheat-containing products. The glutenree cookie contained 10.1 parts per million of beta-carotene as determined by high-performance liquid chromatography.

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Conventional Pavements And Perpetual Pavements: A Rational And Empirical Approach, Wenqi Wang Dec 2013

Conventional Pavements And Perpetual Pavements: A Rational And Empirical Approach, Wenqi Wang

Theses and Dissertations

A study has been conducted to compare conventional pavements and perpetual pavements with a particular emphasis on perpetual pavements. One of the main drawbacks of conventional pavements and motivations for this work is the maintenance required for hot mix asphalt (HMA) pavements with sub-drainage systems. Perpetual pavements, as the name suggests, are designed with a long life. However, this is a relatively new concept and there are still many unknowns concerning their performance. This dissertation was written to answer some of the questions. The study examines structural response and performance of perpetual pavements. Also, deterioration and performance of perpetual pavements …

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Differentiating The Characteristic Response Of The Brain After Exposure To Blunt And Blast Trauma, Mark Gregory Tejada Begonia Dec 2013

Differentiating The Characteristic Response Of The Brain After Exposure To Blunt And Blast Trauma, Mark Gregory Tejada Begonia

Theses and Dissertations

Military personnel often experience mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) from exposure to improvised explosive devices (IEDs). Soldiers typically endure blast trauma from the IED pressure wave as well as blunt trauma from ensuing head impacts. Researchers have not reached a consensus on whether the biomechanical response from blunt or blast trauma plays a more dominant role in mTBI because the specific biomechanical sources of injury are often undetermined. Consequently, the goal of this dissertation was to conduct three separate studies in order to characterize the mechanical behavior of the brain after exposure to mTBI conditions. For Study 1, mild blunt …

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Differentiation Of Fungal Phytopathogens By Ft-Ir And Maldi-Tof Ms, Curtis Muldrow Atkinson Dec 2013

Differentiation Of Fungal Phytopathogens By Ft-Ir And Maldi-Tof Ms, Curtis Muldrow Atkinson

Theses and Dissertations

The use of matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time-oflight mass spectrometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and other analytical means of identifying and differentiating microorganisms hold much promise. These analytical tools have been extensively assessed for their ability to differentiate bacteria and fungi. Most of this research has been coordinated in medically relevant microorganisms, but the technology can work just as well with agriculturally important microorganisms. In this thesis, these technologies were reviewed and then subsequently studied for their ability to differentiate Aspergillus species (that devastate corn and other crops yearly with aflatoxin contamination), as well as Macrophomina phaseolina and Thielaviopsis …

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Association Between Stink Bug Damage And The Incidence Of Phomopsis Longicolla In Mississippi Soybean Production, Joshua Lunn Jones Dec 2013

Association Between Stink Bug Damage And The Incidence Of Phomopsis Longicolla In Mississippi Soybean Production, Joshua Lunn Jones

Theses and Dissertations

Stink bugs (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) are key pests of soybean, Glycine max (L.), in Mississippi. Historically, yield loss derived from direct feeding by stink bugs has been considered the greatest threat to producers. However, quality reductions resulting from seed infections caused by microorganisms including Phomopsis longicolla are also a concern. Experiments were conducted in 2010 and 2011 to determine if stink bugs are associated with the incidence of P. longicolla in Mississippi soybean production. Data from experiments suggest that stink bugs are capable of transporting P. longicolla between two points. Data further suggest stink bugs and P. longicolla have the potential …

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A Comparison Of Participant Gains In Attitude And Behavior After Experiencing A Food Safety Curriculum In Traditional And Computer Delivered Environments, Jennifer Knowles Schilling Dec 2013

A Comparison Of Participant Gains In Attitude And Behavior After Experiencing A Food Safety Curriculum In Traditional And Computer Delivered Environments, Jennifer Knowles Schilling

Theses and Dissertations

Child care providers in Mississippi are required by the Mississippi Health Department to obtain food manager’s training and certification. The TummySafe© program satisfies this requirement and is offered in a self-paced computer delivered version and a traditional classroom version. This research explores participant changes in attitude and self-reported behaviors in the two methods of curriculum delivery as well as the correlation of knowledge change with attitude and self-reported behavior change. A quasi-experimental, pre-test/post-test design was used. Attitude change was not significantly different in the two methods. Traditional participants reported a higher change in self-reported behaviors than computer delivered participants. Both …

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A Look At New Public Management Through The Lens Of The Ncib Act Specifically As It Relates To Traditionally Marginalized Populations, Aaron Cornelius Rollins Dec 2013

A Look At New Public Management Through The Lens Of The Ncib Act Specifically As It Relates To Traditionally Marginalized Populations, Aaron Cornelius Rollins

Theses and Dissertations

Performance policies propose to enhance the quality of services provided to vulnerable citizens. However, the ability to accomplish this goal is largely unsubstantiated. In the field of education, the No Child Left Behind Act outlined performance policy guidelines that held educators accountable for disadvantaged students outcomes and provided students with the option to seek the serves of alternative providers through a student transfer provision. This dissertation assesses the quality of states’ NCLB provisions that targeted minority and vulnerable student performance as well as utilization of the NCLB transfer provision allowing students to exit underperforming schools. It indicates that teachers’ union …

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A Study Of First Grade Class Size Reduction Classes And Common Core State Standards Implementation In A Rural Mississippi School District, Toya Vatrina Harrell Dec 2013

A Study Of First Grade Class Size Reduction Classes And Common Core State Standards Implementation In A Rural Mississippi School District, Toya Vatrina Harrell

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to explore the impact of class size reduction (CSR) on student performance while implementing Common Core State Standards (CCSS). The researcher sought to examine test scores specifically in 1st grade classrooms during the 1st year implementation of CCSS. Additionally, the researcher wanted to assist school leaders in identifying ways to motivate teachers to perform at the highest level and focus on student outcomes. The results indicated that students in the CSR classes had higher scores than the students in the non-CSR classes in some subjects. The findings from this study were consistent with the …

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Acceptable Vibrations On Green Concrete, Mitchell Lewis Watkins Dec 2013

Acceptable Vibrations On Green Concrete, Mitchell Lewis Watkins

Theses and Dissertations

This thesis contains the results of various green concrete samples subjected to different vibration intensities to determine how green concrete withstands against these vibration intensities. The green concrete was exposed to these vibrations at times before, during, and after the concrete had set. The concrete was also exposed to different timed durations while being subjected to the different vibration levels. Every batch of concrete mixed included a controlled (un-vibrated) set of cylinders and a vibrated set of cylinders. The compressive strength and the resistivity of these concrete cylinders were measured and compared to determine if there was any significant difference …

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"Through Hazel Eyes" : Hazel Brannon Smith's Fight For Free Speech And Justice In Mississippi 1936-1985, Jeffery Brian Howell Dec 2013

"Through Hazel Eyes" : Hazel Brannon Smith's Fight For Free Speech And Justice In Mississippi 1936-1985, Jeffery Brian Howell

Theses and Dissertations

Hazel Brannon Smith, a prominent white newspaper owner in Mississippi before, during, and after the civil rights era was an avowed supporter of Jim Crow segregation for the first half of her career, until pressure from the white establishment and the changing political and social milieu of the 1950s and 1960s pushed her to become an ally of the black struggle for social justice. Smith's biography reveals how many historians have miscast white liberals of this period. Smith was considered a liberal by her peers, but her actions reveal the firm limits of white liberalism in the rural South during …

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An Intervention To Increase Ioa And Objectivity In Supervisors At Woodsedge Learning Center, Karli Silverman Dec 2013

An Intervention To Increase Ioa And Objectivity In Supervisors At Woodsedge Learning Center, Karli Silverman

Honors Theses

The purpose of my research was to increase interobserver agreement (IOA) and objectivity in supervisors at WoodsEdge Learning Center. We questioned whether or not designing and implementing a new grading sheet would lead to this outcome. Our methodology consisted of internet research regarding interventions to increase these measurements, followed by task analyses of the behaviors that should occur when tutors provided discrete trial training (DTT), surveys regarding the quality of feedback received at WoodsEdge, visits to various early intervention centers, and ended with the creation and multiple revisions of a new grading sheet. My involvement with this intervention ended before …

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Second-Half Run Leads Pirates To 84-79 Pbc Win At North Georgia, Armstrong State University Dec 2013

Second-Half Run Leads Pirates To 84-79 Pbc Win At North Georgia, Armstrong State University

Armstrong Athletics: Men's Basketball News (Archived)

Second-Half Run Leads Pirates To 84-79 PBC Win At North Georgia. The Armstrong Atlantic State University men's basketball team began the second half on a 14-3 run to claim an 84-79 Peach Belt Conference victory over host North Georgia on Saturday afternoon at Memorial Hall in Dahlonega, Ga.

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Characterization Of A Test Stand For Evaluating Performance And Qualifying Metal Media Filters Under Asme Ag-1, John Andrew Wilson Dec 2013

Characterization Of A Test Stand For Evaluating Performance And Qualifying Metal Media Filters Under Asme Ag-1, John Andrew Wilson

Theses and Dissertations

The Institute of Clean Energy Technology (ICET) at Mississippi State University was awarded a contract by the DOE to design, fabricate, assemble, and characterize a research grade test stand to assist in the development of ASME AG-1 Section FI Metal Media Filters. The major barriers to completing the code section is development of a test stand for collecting data necessary to specify performance requirements for use and for filter qualification. Currently there is not a test stand capable of performing this testing. Performance criteria for the FI test stand were developed by the Section FI project team and ICET. These …

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Computational Study Of Pi-Pi Stacking Interactions In Large Curved And Planar Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, A A Sasith N. Karunarathna Dec 2013

Computational Study Of Pi-Pi Stacking Interactions In Large Curved And Planar Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, A A Sasith N. Karunarathna

Theses and Dissertations

Theoretical studies of pi-pi interactions on several dimers of curved polycyclic aromatic systems have been carried out. In the first part, dispersion corrected density functional theory methods (DC-DFT) were used to evaluate the basis set superposition errors (BSSE) in dispersion interactions of the corannulene dimer, and the accuracy of the calculations using DC-DFT methods was compared with high level benchmark calculations. In these calculations, Grimme’s B97D DC-DFT method provided reasonably accurate results with the benchmark calculations. In addition, BSSE obtained with the B97D method along with cc-pVQZ basis set was negligible. Furthermore, a series of calculations were carried out to …

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Effects Of Nurr1 Genotype And Aging On Dopamine Neurotransmission And Behavior, Evangel Kummari Dec 2013

Effects Of Nurr1 Genotype And Aging On Dopamine Neurotransmission And Behavior, Evangel Kummari

Theses and Dissertations

Nurr1 is a transcription factor essential for the establishment, development, terminal differentiation and maintenance of mesencephalic dopamine neurons. Nurr1 is thought to coordinate the expression of dopamine neurotransmission genes. Nurr1-null heterozygous (+/-) mice have reduced Nurr1 function, which impacts dopamine neuron function in a region specific manner. Since aging can affect Nurr1 expression, we hypothesize that aging and +/- genotype will have significant effects on dopamine regulation and dopamine related behaviors. To test this hypothesis, regional neurochemistry and behavioral tests of wild type (+/+) and +/- mice at 3 months of age (young) and 12-16 months of age (aged)was performed. …

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Efficacy Of A Novel Through-Thickness Perfusion Bioreactor To Create Scaffold-Free Tissue Engineered Cartilage, Eric Andrew Gilbert Dec 2013

Efficacy Of A Novel Through-Thickness Perfusion Bioreactor To Create Scaffold-Free Tissue Engineered Cartilage, Eric Andrew Gilbert

Theses and Dissertations

Articular cartilage is an avascular, aneural tissue that covers the ends of diarthroidal joints. Once damaged by disease or injury, cartilage lacks the ability to self-repair. Generating tissue engineered cartilage is an exciting field that may provide a possible solution to this problem. The purpose of this study is to determine the efficacy of a through-thickness perfusion bioreactor to generate scaffoldree tissue engineered cartilage. The results of the study show that allowing long-term static culture to cell constructs before perfusion increases the efficacy of the bioreactor. Immediate perfusion of cell constructs in the bioreactor is shown to decrease the efficacy …

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Development Of Biomass-Based Cellulose Nanowhiskers And Its Application As Catalyst Support In Converting Syngas To Biofuels, Xiaodan Shi Dec 2013

Development Of Biomass-Based Cellulose Nanowhiskers And Its Application As Catalyst Support In Converting Syngas To Biofuels, Xiaodan Shi

Theses and Dissertations

The objectives of this research were to develop the best methods for cellulose nanowhiskers (CNWs) preparation from raw biomass materials and the feasibility to perform CNWs as Fe3+ catalyst support in converting syngas to biofuels. Raw kenaf bast and switchgrass were initially pretreated with dilute NaOH followed by dilute H2SO4. High yields of alpha-cellulose were obtained. Hemicellulose, ash, and most lignin were removed during pretreatment. Preparation of CNWs after pretreatment was then conducted via H2SO4 hydrolysis. The most efficient hydrolysis condition was determined as H2SO4 concentration through orthogonal experiments. In contrast with pure cellulose fibers, CNWs supported Fe3+ catalyst applied …

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Dimension Reduction For Hyperspectral Imagery, Nam H (Nam Hoai) Ly Dec 2013

Dimension Reduction For Hyperspectral Imagery, Nam H (Nam Hoai) Ly

Theses and Dissertations

In this dissertation, the general problem of the dimensionality reduction of hyperspectral imagery is considered. Data dimension can be reduced through compression, in which an original image is encoded into bitstream of greatly reduced size; through application of a transformation, in which a high-dimensional space is mapped into a low-dimensional space; and through a simple process of subsampling, wherein the number of pixels is reduced spatially during image acquisition. All three techniques are investigated in the course of the dissertation. For data compression, an approach to calculate an operational bitrate for JPEG2000 in conjunction with principal component analysis is proposed. …

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Dispersal And Management Of Invasive Aquatic Plants In Mississippi Waterways, Amanda Louise Fernandez Dec 2013

Dispersal And Management Of Invasive Aquatic Plants In Mississippi Waterways, Amanda Louise Fernandez

Theses and Dissertations

To understand the flow of water as a factor that influences aquatic vegetation communities and aquatic plant dispersal, custom-made Global Positioning System (GPS) drones were used to monitor the movement of water in Aliceville Lake, Columbus Lake, and Ross Barnett Reservoir, MS. In each reservoir, the drones drifted in the wind-generated surface current. Analysis of wind speeds suggests that a certain wind speed may be necessary to overcome gradient flow. Wind direction and wind speed should be incorporated in future spatial simulation models for aquatic plant dispersal and distribution. An herbicide evaluation on Cuban bulrush (Oxycaryum cubenese) was conducted to …

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Early Survival And Growth Performance Of Two Oak Species And Three Planting Stocks On Hurricane Katrina Disturbed Lands, John Alec Conrad Dec 2013

Early Survival And Growth Performance Of Two Oak Species And Three Planting Stocks On Hurricane Katrina Disturbed Lands, John Alec Conrad

Theses and Dissertations

Survival and growth of two oak species, live oak (Quercus virginiana) and Nuttall oak (Quercus texana), and three planting stocks: 1-0 bareroot, conventional containerized, and Root Production Method (RPM™) seedlings were compared. Conventional containerized live oak and bareroot Nuttall oak seedlings exhibited greatest survival. RPM™ seedlings exhibited the lowest survival in both species. Conventional containerized seedlings exhibited greater groundline diameter (GLD) growth and twice as much height growth as bareroot seedlings during the first year. During the second year, conventional containerized seedlings exhibited greater GLD growth than bareroot seedlings in live oak, but in Nuttall oak, bareroot seedlings exhibited greater …

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Cyberthreats, Attacks And Intrusion Detection In Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition Networks, Wei Gao Dec 2013

Cyberthreats, Attacks And Intrusion Detection In Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition Networks, Wei Gao

Theses and Dissertations

Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems are computer-based process control systems that interconnect and monitor remote physical processes. There have been many real world documented incidents and cyber-attacks affecting SCADA systems, which clearly illustrate critical infrastructure vulnerabilities. These reported incidents demonstrate that cyber-attacks against SCADA systems might produce a variety of financial damage and harmful events to humans and their environment. This dissertation documents four contributions towards increased security for SCADA systems. First, a set of cyber-attacks was developed. Second, each attack was executed against two fully functional SCADA systems in a laboratory environment; a gas pipeline and a …

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Defining Display Complexity In Electric Utility System Operator Displays, Steven Hunt Mcelhaney Dec 2013

Defining Display Complexity In Electric Utility System Operator Displays, Steven Hunt Mcelhaney

Theses and Dissertations

In the electric utility industry, displays provide power system operators with information on and the status of the system, who then make decisions on how to maintain the safety, the reliability and the efficient operation of the utility generation and transmission grid based on that information. Complexity of the data presented and the display itself can lead to errors or misjudgments that can cause power system operators to make unwise decisions. The primary goal of this research was to develop a method to quantify display complexity for select displays used by system operators when operating the electric generation and transmission …

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Analysis Of Humeral And Femoral Cross-Sectional Properties At Morton Shell Mound (16ib3), Sarah Marie Zaleski Dec 2013

Analysis Of Humeral And Femoral Cross-Sectional Properties At Morton Shell Mound (16ib3), Sarah Marie Zaleski

Theses and Dissertations

Using the concept of bone functional adaptation, this study analyzes femoral and humeral cross-sectional properties of human skeletal materials from Morton Shell Mound on the Louisiana coast. This work helps fill a gap in such analyses in the southern U.S. and contributes to an understanding of the functional adaptation of the human skeleton. Properties were compared to those of other prehistoric Southeastern fisher-hunter-gatherers from Gold Mine, Plash Island, and several Georgia coast sites to assess mobility and activity patterns among inland and coastal groups. Less sexual dimorphism of femoral midshaft shape among coastal Morton and Plash, compared to inland Gold …

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B Ring Substituted Flavonols: Hydrogen Bonding, Ru(Ii) Complexes And Al(Iii) Chelation, Prangige Kumudu V Peiris Dec 2013

B Ring Substituted Flavonols: Hydrogen Bonding, Ru(Ii) Complexes And Al(Iii) Chelation, Prangige Kumudu V Peiris

Theses and Dissertations

Flavonols are hydroxyl-substituted flavonoids and naturally occur as secondary metabolites in plants. Several studies have discovered extensive medicinal properties of flavonols. The present work reports on structural and functional investigation of the B ring substituted flavonols based on spectroscopic and electrochemical techniques. The purpose of this study is to determine the influence of the B ring substitutions on the hydrogen bonding interactions, the electronic effects in ruthenium complexes and the Al3+ chelation of B ring substituted flavonols. The electronic effects of the B rings were changed by introducing methyl, methoxy and nitro groups at position 4ʹ on the B ring. …

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A Non-Equilibrium, Pressure-Pressure Formulation For Air-Water Two-Phase Flow And Heat Transport In Porous Media, Amanda Meadows Hines Dec 2013

A Non-Equilibrium, Pressure-Pressure Formulation For Air-Water Two-Phase Flow And Heat Transport In Porous Media, Amanda Meadows Hines

Theses and Dissertations

The detection of trace explosives in the subsurface is an active area of research for landmine detection. Understanding the air-water flow and heat transport phenomena in the subsurface plays an important role in improving chemical vapor detection. Implementing a finite element method that accurately captures water vapor transport in the vadose zone is still an open question. A non-equilibrium, pressure-pressure formulation has been implemented based on Smits, et al [22]. This implementation consists of four equations: a wetting phase (water) mass balance equation, a non-wetting phase (air) mass balance equation, a water vapor transport equation, and a heat transport equation. …

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Enhancing Our Understanding Of Age-0 Crappies In Northwest Mississippi Flood Control Reservoirs: A Study On Distribution And Size, Levi Joseph Kaczka Dec 2013

Enhancing Our Understanding Of Age-0 Crappies In Northwest Mississippi Flood Control Reservoirs: A Study On Distribution And Size, Levi Joseph Kaczka

Theses and Dissertations

Crappie fisheries in northwest Mississippi flood control reservoirs are valued from social and economic standpoints. To mitigate variable recruitment rates of these recreationally valuable species, I sought to gain a better understanding of the population dynamics of these fish during their first year of life. My analyses indicate that embayment habitats in the study reservoirs display a longitudinal distribution gradient of both habitat composition and age-0 crappie abundance during late summer. Additionally, age-0 crappies inhabiting uplake floodplain areas grow to a larger size than downlake embayment-inhabiting conspecifics. The results from this study provide direction on potential management strategies to promote …

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Establishing The Reliability And Validity Of The Stalking Myth Scale - Revised, Amanda Lee Howell Dec 2013

Establishing The Reliability And Validity Of The Stalking Myth Scale - Revised, Amanda Lee Howell

Theses and Dissertations

Misconceptions about intimate aggression have been found to have serious consequences (Kamphius et al., 2005; Robinson, 2005). These beliefs serve to minimize the crime and blame the victim which can cause individuals to not take the crime seriously (Kamphius, et al., 2005; Sinclair, in press). Initial work combined and updated Sinclair's (2010) Stalking Myths Scale and McKeon's unpublished Stalking Attitudes Questionnaire, but further psychometric analysis is needed (Lyndon, Sinclair, & Martin, 2011). I surveyed 1,200 undergraduates using the Stalking Myth Scale –Revised (SMS – R), a modified version of the Obsessive Relational Intrusion Inventory – Short Form (ORI - SF; …

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Evaluating User Satisfaction And Perceived Quality Of Electronic Health Records In Mississippi, Dakota Chamblee Dec 2013

Evaluating User Satisfaction And Perceived Quality Of Electronic Health Records In Mississippi, Dakota Chamblee

Theses and Dissertations

Electronic Health Records (EHRs) is a health information technology that has already begun to change the way healthcare providers care for patients. EHRs can potentially enhance the quality and efficiency of patient care (Simon et al., 2010); however, some research shows that EHRs do not always do so. The lack of improved efficiency and quality of care can lead to frustrated and dissatisfied users. The effects of different aspects of EHR implementation could affect user satisfaction and perceived quality of EHRs. This study investigates the how time since implementation, training, and leadership affect user satisfaction and perceived quality of the …

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Evaluation Of Catalytic And Non-Catalytic Production Of Biodiesel From Wet Microbial Media And Reaction Schemes, Adebola Titilope Coker Dec 2013

Evaluation Of Catalytic And Non-Catalytic Production Of Biodiesel From Wet Microbial Media And Reaction Schemes, Adebola Titilope Coker

Theses and Dissertations

Biodiesel is a renewable fuel that can supplement petroleum fuel supply. A major deterrent to commercial biodiesel production from traditional feedstock like soybean, canola or rapeseed oils is the high cost of feedstock: 70 - 95% of total biodiesel production cost. Therefore, a relatively cheaper feedstock is needed to make the price of biodiesel cost-competitive with petroleum diesel. Activated sludge from wastewater treatment plants is a relatively cheaper feedstock and relatively easy to obtain. However, drying of this sludge prior to oil extraction is a major operating cost of this process, as high as 50% of biodiesel production cost. The …

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