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2013

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Computational Prediction And Qpcr Validation Of Mirna In Ceratopteris Richardii, Yevgeniy Kharonov Jan 2013

Computational Prediction And Qpcr Validation Of Mirna In Ceratopteris Richardii, Yevgeniy Kharonov

Student Theses and Dissertations

No abstract provided.


Reflectance Analysis And Thermochromicity Of Fabrics Dyed With Indigo, 6 Bromoindigo, 6,6' - Dibromoindigo, Irina Mironova Jan 2013

Reflectance Analysis And Thermochromicity Of Fabrics Dyed With Indigo, 6 Bromoindigo, 6,6' - Dibromoindigo, Irina Mironova

Student Theses and Dissertations

No abstract provided.


Fixed Gazes On Grotesque Gorging : Deconstructing Humanist Tropes In Cannibalistic Comics, Whitney Porter Jan 2013

Fixed Gazes On Grotesque Gorging : Deconstructing Humanist Tropes In Cannibalistic Comics, Whitney Porter

Student Theses and Dissertations

No abstract provided.


The Relationship Between Self-Perception And External Factors : Self-Efficacy And Self Construals, Sara Dowd Jan 2013

The Relationship Between Self-Perception And External Factors : Self-Efficacy And Self Construals, Sara Dowd

Student Theses and Dissertations

No abstract provided.


Synthesis And Analysis Of Alkylated 1-Benzazepines For Use As Prospective Analogues For Targeted Hiv-1 Drug Therapy, Allen Ko Jan 2013

Synthesis And Analysis Of Alkylated 1-Benzazepines For Use As Prospective Analogues For Targeted Hiv-1 Drug Therapy, Allen Ko

Student Theses and Dissertations

No abstract provided.


An Expanded Genetic Code In Mammalian Cells With A Functional Quadruplet Codon, Wei Niu, Peter G. Schultz, Jiantao Guo Jan 2013

An Expanded Genetic Code In Mammalian Cells With A Functional Quadruplet Codon, Wei Niu, Peter G. Schultz, Jiantao Guo

Department of Chemistry: Faculty Publications

We have utilized in vitro evolution to identify tRNA variants with significantly enhanced activity for the incorporation of unnatural amino acids into proteins in response to a quadruplet codon in both bacterial and mammalian cells. This approach will facilitate the creation of an optimized and standardized system for the genetic incorporation of unnatural amino acids using quadruplet codons, which will allow the biosynthesis of biopolymers that contain multiple unnatural building blocks.


Control, Stability, And Qualitative Theory Of Dynamical Systems, Nazim Idrisoglu Mahmudov, Mark A. Mckibben, Sakthivel Rathinasamy, Yong Ren Jan 2013

Control, Stability, And Qualitative Theory Of Dynamical Systems, Nazim Idrisoglu Mahmudov, Mark A. Mckibben, Sakthivel Rathinasamy, Yong Ren

Mathematics Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.


Archiveras Anarquistas: Corporal Testimony In The Work Of Diamela Eltit, Megan L. Corbin Jan 2013

Archiveras Anarquistas: Corporal Testimony In The Work Of Diamela Eltit, Megan L. Corbin

Languages & Cultures Faculty Publications

There exists a constant within the trajectory of Diamela Eltit’s contributions to New Chilean Fiction: the turn to the body’s revelatory capacity as a corporal archive of human existence. Simultaneously exploring and rejecting the confines of the traditional testimonial reliance on language, Eltit moves the reader to a reconsideration of the truth-telling function of the biological materiality of the body, placing imperfect corporalities on display as a means of speaking, even where the voice itself may falter. This essay locates Eltit’s move to the corporal within the trajectory of feminist criticism, the traumatic realities of the Chilean dictatorship and post-dictatorship …


Arts Enrichment And Emotion Expression And Regulation For Young Children At Risk, Eleanor D. Brown, Kacey L. Sax Jan 2013

Arts Enrichment And Emotion Expression And Regulation For Young Children At Risk, Eleanor D. Brown, Kacey L. Sax

Psychology Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.


Investigating Patterns Of Interpersonal Violence Using Frequency Distributions Of Cranial Vault Trauma, Armando Anzellini Jan 2013

Investigating Patterns Of Interpersonal Violence Using Frequency Distributions Of Cranial Vault Trauma, Armando Anzellini

HIM 1990-2015

Violence has been found ubiquitously across human societies and throughout time. An act of violence can be defined as purposeful harm brought upon one individual as a direct or indirect result of the actions of another. The purpose of this research is to develop a quantitative approach to examining lethality using frequency distributions for location of trauma on the cranium in order to model patterns of interpersonal violence. This is accomplished through the study of a skeletal sample, from the prehispanic Chachapoya (existing around A.D. 800 – 1535), discovered at the site of Kuelap in the northern Peruvian Andes. Metric …


Sanctions Without Humanitarian Implications - An Impossible Feat, Sangitha Palaniappa Jan 2013

Sanctions Without Humanitarian Implications - An Impossible Feat, Sangitha Palaniappa

HIM 1990-2015

This thesis focuses on the humanitarian implications of economic sanctions. States are increasingly using sanctions as a foreign policy tool, but the ramifications for the citizens of the country have yet to be analyzed in depth. Although sanctions are an extremely powerful foreign policy tool, the humanitarian implications are too drastic. There are two main outcomes of sanctions that states seek: the pressure of the sanctions forces the government to change their policy or the humanitarian implications force the citizens to revolt against the government. These outcomes rarely occur as we can see clearly in cases such as Cuba or …


Expression Of An Epitope Tagged Tarp Effector In Chlamydia Trachomatis, Brenda Nguyen Jan 2013

Expression Of An Epitope Tagged Tarp Effector In Chlamydia Trachomatis, Brenda Nguyen

HIM 1990-2015

Previous studies performed on Chlamydia trachomatis have demonstrated how these obligate intracellular microbes invade host cells through the utilization of secreted effector proteins. One secreted effector called Tarp (translocated actin recruiting protein) is implicated in cytoskeleton rearrangements that promote bacterial entry into the host cell. The focus of our study is to create a plasmid that carries the tarP gene that when transcribed and translated from within Chlamydia trachomatis will generate a c-Myc epitope tagged Tarp. The tag will be used in future studies to track the progression of the protein through the infectious process and will allow us to …


Development Of An Alkaline Phosphatase Reporter System For Use In The Lyme Disease Spirochete Borrelia Burgdorferi, Selina Sutchu Jan 2013

Development Of An Alkaline Phosphatase Reporter System For Use In The Lyme Disease Spirochete Borrelia Burgdorferi, Selina Sutchu

HIM 1990-2015

The use of the periplasmic alkaline phosphatase (PhoA) reporter protein from E. coli has been critical for definition of the topology of transmembrane proteins of multiple bacterial species. This report demonstrates development of a PhoA reporter system in B. burgdorferi. Codon usage of the E. coli phoA in B. burgdorferi was analyzed and an optimized version of the gene was obtained. In order to assess the differential activity of the reporter system, two optimized PhoA-fusion construct using B. burgdorferi proteins were engineered: one using the periplasmic protein OppAIV and one using the cytoplasmic protein PncA. The activity of PhoA requires …


Understanding The Role Of Plasmodium Falciparum Vamp8 Snare Homologue, Katherine Ferreira Jan 2013

Understanding The Role Of Plasmodium Falciparum Vamp8 Snare Homologue, Katherine Ferreira

HIM 1990-2015

Malaria is one of the worlds most deadly infectious diseases and results in almost a million deaths each year, largely in children under the age of five in Sub-Saharan Africa. Outside Africa, malaria is responsible for a large number of cases in the Amazon rainforest of Brazil, Middle East, and in some areas of Asia [37]. According to the World Health Organization, there was an estimated 655, 000 deaths from malaria in 2012. Malaria is caused by a eukaryotic Apicomplexan parasite, Plasmodium, which has three distinct life cycles occurring in the midgut of the female Anopheles mosquito, the liver of …


Structures Of Maug In Complex With Quinol And Quinone Madh, Erik T. Yukl, Lyndal M. R. Jensen, Victor L. Davidson, Carrie M. Wilmot Jan 2013

Structures Of Maug In Complex With Quinol And Quinone Madh, Erik T. Yukl, Lyndal M. R. Jensen, Victor L. Davidson, Carrie M. Wilmot

Faculty Bibliography 2010s

MauG has been cocrystallized with methylamine dehydrogenase (MADH) with its TTQ cofactor in the o-quinol (TTQ(OQ)) and quinone (TTQ(OX)) forms and the structures of the resulting complexes have been solved. The TTQ(OQ) structure crystallized in either space group P2(1) or C2, while the TTQ(OX) structure crystallized in space group P1. The previously solved structure of MauG in complex with MADH bearing an incompletely formed TTQ cofactor (preMADH) also crystallized in space group P1, although with different unit-cell parameters. Despite the changes in crystal form, the structures are virtually identical, with only very minor changes at the protein-protein interface. The relevance …


Diradical Intermediate Within The Context Of Tryptophan Tryptophylquinone Biosynthesis, Erik T. Yukl, Fange Liu, J. Krzystek, Sooim Shin, Lyndal M. R. Jensen, Victor L. Davidson, Carrie M. Wilmot, Aimin Liu Jan 2013

Diradical Intermediate Within The Context Of Tryptophan Tryptophylquinone Biosynthesis, Erik T. Yukl, Fange Liu, J. Krzystek, Sooim Shin, Lyndal M. R. Jensen, Victor L. Davidson, Carrie M. Wilmot, Aimin Liu

Faculty Bibliography 2010s

Despite the importance of tryptophan (Trp) radicals in biology, very few radicals have been trapped and characterized in a physiologically meaningful context. Here we demonstrate that the diheme enzyme MauG uses Trp radical chemistry to catalyze formation of a Trp-derived tryptophan tryptophylquinone cofactor on its substrate protein, premethylamine dehydrogenase. The unusual six-electron oxidation that results in tryptophan tryptophylquinone formation occurs in three discrete two-electron catalytic steps. Here the exact order of these oxidation steps in the processive six-electron biosynthetic reaction is determined, and reaction intermediates are structurally characterized. The intermediates observed in crystal structures are also verified in solution using …


Efficient Alignment Of Rna Secondary Structures Using Sparse Dynamic Programming, Cuncong Zhong, Shaojie Zhang Jan 2013

Efficient Alignment Of Rna Secondary Structures Using Sparse Dynamic Programming, Cuncong Zhong, Shaojie Zhang

Faculty Bibliography 2010s

Background: Current advances of the next-generation sequencing technology have revealed a large number of un-annotated RNA transcripts. Comparative study of the RNA structurome is an important approach to assess their biological functionalities. Due to the large sizes and abundance of the RNA transcripts, an efficient and accurate RNA structure-structure alignment algorithm is in urgent need to facilitate the comparative study. Despite the importance of the RNA secondary structure alignment problem, there are no computational tools available that provide high computational efficiency and accuracy. In this case, designing and implementing such an efficient and accurate RNA secondary structure alignment algorithm is …


Laplace Deconvolution With Noisy Observations, Felix Abramovich, Marianna Pensky, Yves Rozenholc Jan 2013

Laplace Deconvolution With Noisy Observations, Felix Abramovich, Marianna Pensky, Yves Rozenholc

Faculty Bibliography 2010s

In the present paper we consider Laplace deconvolution for discrete noisy data observed on the interval whose length T-n may increase with a sample size. Although this problem arises in a variety of applications, to the best of our knowledge, it has been given very little attention by the statistical community. Our objective is to fill this gap and provide statistical treatment of Laplace deconvolution problem with noisy discrete data. The main contribution of the paper is explicit construction of an asymptotically rate-optimal (in the minimax sense) Laplace deconvolution estimator which is adaptive to the regularity of the unknown function. …


The Bis(Indolyl)Imidazole Alkaloid Nortopsentin A Exhibits Antiplasmodial Activity, Stephenie Alvardo, Bracken F. Roberts, Amy E. Wright, Debopam Chakrabarti Jan 2013

The Bis(Indolyl)Imidazole Alkaloid Nortopsentin A Exhibits Antiplasmodial Activity, Stephenie Alvardo, Bracken F. Roberts, Amy E. Wright, Debopam Chakrabarti

Faculty Bibliography 2010s

A library of enriched marine natural product fractions was screened for their antiplasmodial activity using a SYBR green I fluorescence-based assay. Fractions derived from a sponge of the genus Spongosorites exhibited potent inhibition of Plasmodium falciparum growth. This genus of sponge has been reported to contain the nortopsentin and topsentin class of bis-indole imidazole alkaloids. This is the first report of nortopsentin A inhibiting parasite growth at the trophozoite stage at submicromolar 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50).


Imaging Of Benign Soft Tissue Tumors, Laura W. Bancroft, Christopher Pettis, Christopher Wasyliw Jan 2013

Imaging Of Benign Soft Tissue Tumors, Laura W. Bancroft, Christopher Pettis, Christopher Wasyliw

Faculty Bibliography 2010s

The evaluation of soft tissue tumors should be approached systematically, with careful assessment of the patient's age, clinical presentation, anatomical location of the mass, and MRI characteristics. The imaging evaluation of a suspected soft tissue mass begins with conventional radiography to exclude an underlying osseous lesion and assess for any lesional calcification. MRI is particularly useful in evaluating the signal intensity, enhancement pattern, and extent of soft tissue masses that can expand beyond fascial planes and involve the neurovascular bundle, joint, or bone. Among the common benign soft tissue tumors, a fairly definitive imaging diagnosis can be made in cases …


Threatened And Endangered Subspecies With Vulnerable Ecological Traits Also Have High Susceptibility To Sea Level Rise And Habitat Fragmentation, Allison M. Benscoter, Joshua S. Reece, Reed F. Noss, Laura A. Brandt, Frank J. Mazzotti, Stephanie S. Romañach, James I. Watling Jan 2013

Threatened And Endangered Subspecies With Vulnerable Ecological Traits Also Have High Susceptibility To Sea Level Rise And Habitat Fragmentation, Allison M. Benscoter, Joshua S. Reece, Reed F. Noss, Laura A. Brandt, Frank J. Mazzotti, Stephanie S. Romañach, James I. Watling

Faculty Bibliography 2010s

The presence of multiple interacting threats to biodiversity and the increasing rate of species extinction make it critical to prioritize management efforts on species and communities that maximize conservation success. We implemented a multi-step approach that coupled vulnerability assessments evaluating threats to Florida taxa such as climate change, sea-level rise, and habitat fragmentation with in-depth literature surveys of taxon-specific ecological traits. The vulnerability, adaptive capacity, and ecological traits of 12 threatened and endangered subspecies were compared to non-listed subspecies of the same parent species. Overall, the threatened and endangered subspecies showed high vulnerability and low adaptive capacity, in particular to …


Proline-Dependent Regulation Of Clostridium Difficile Stickland Metabolism, Laurent Bouillaut, William T. Self, Abraham L. Sonenshein Jan 2013

Proline-Dependent Regulation Of Clostridium Difficile Stickland Metabolism, Laurent Bouillaut, William T. Self, Abraham L. Sonenshein

Faculty Bibliography 2010s

Clostridium difficile, a proteolytic Gram-positive anaerobe, has emerged as a significant nosocomial pathogen. Stickland fermentation reactions are thought to be important for growth of C. difficile and appear to influence toxin production. In Stickland reactions, pairs of amino acids donate and accept electrons, generating ATP and reducing power in the process. Reduction of the electron acceptors proline and glycine requires the D-proline reductase (PR) and the glycine reductase (GR) enzyme complexes, respectively. Addition of proline in the medium increases the level of PR protein but decreases the level of GR. We report the identification of PrdR, a protein that activates …


Mmp-3 Contributes To Nigrostriatal Dopaminergic Neuronal Loss, Bbb Damage, And Neuroinflammation In An Mptp Mouse Model Of Parkinson's Disease, Young Cheul Chung, Yoon-Seong Kim, Eugene Bok, Tae Young Yune, Sungho Maeng, Byung Kwan Jin Jan 2013

Mmp-3 Contributes To Nigrostriatal Dopaminergic Neuronal Loss, Bbb Damage, And Neuroinflammation In An Mptp Mouse Model Of Parkinson's Disease, Young Cheul Chung, Yoon-Seong Kim, Eugene Bok, Tae Young Yune, Sungho Maeng, Byung Kwan Jin

Faculty Bibliography 2010s

The present study examined whether matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) participates in the loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the nigrostriatal pathway in a 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) mouse model of Parkinson's disease with blood brain barrier (BBB) damage and infiltration of peripheral immune cells. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunostaining of brain sections from MPTP-treated mice showed that MPTP induced significant degeneration of nigrostriatal DA neurons. Moreover, FITC-labeled albumin detection and immunostaining revealed that MPTP caused damage to the BBB and increased the number of ED-1- and CD-3-immunopositive cells in the substantia nigra (SN). Genetic ablation of MMP-3 reduced the nigrostriatal DA neuron loss and …


Operating Cooperatively (Oc) Sensor For Highly Specific Recognition Of Nucleic Acids, Evan M. Cornett, Martin R. O'Steen, Dmitry M. Kolpashchikov Jan 2013

Operating Cooperatively (Oc) Sensor For Highly Specific Recognition Of Nucleic Acids, Evan M. Cornett, Martin R. O'Steen, Dmitry M. Kolpashchikov

Faculty Bibliography 2010s

Molecular Beacon (MB) probes have been extensively used for nucleic acid analysis because of their ability to produce fluorescent signal in solution instantly after hybridization. The indirect binding of MB probe to a target analyte offers several advantages, including: improved genotyping accuracy and the possibility to analyse folded nucleic acids. Here we report on a new design for MB-based sensor, called 'Operating Cooperatively' (OC), which takes advantage of indirect binding of MB probe to a target analyte. The sensor consists of two unmodified DNA strands, which hybridize to a universal MB probe and a nucleic acid analyte to form a …


Proximate And Ultimate Causes Of Signal Diversity In The Electric Fish Gymnotus, W. G. R. Crumpton, A. Rodríguez-Cattáneo, N. R. Lovejoy, A. A. Caputi Jan 2013

Proximate And Ultimate Causes Of Signal Diversity In The Electric Fish Gymnotus, W. G. R. Crumpton, A. Rodríguez-Cattáneo, N. R. Lovejoy, A. A. Caputi

Faculty Bibliography 2010s

A complete understanding of animal signal evolution necessitates analyses of both the proximate (e. g. anatomical and physiological) mechanisms of signal generation and reception, and the ultimate (i.e. evolutionary) mechanisms underlying adaptation and diversification. Here we summarize the results of a synthetic study of electric diversity in the species-rich neotropical electric fish genus Gymnotus. Our study integrates two research directions. The first examines the proximate causes of diversity in the electric organ discharge (EOD) - which is the carrier of both the communication and electrolocation signal of electric fishes - via descriptions of the intrinsic properties of electrocytes, electrocyte innervation, …


Label-Free Cell Phenotypic Assessment Of The Molecular Mechanism Of Action Of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Inhibitors, Huayun Deng, Chaoming Wang, Ye Fang Jan 2013

Label-Free Cell Phenotypic Assessment Of The Molecular Mechanism Of Action Of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Inhibitors, Huayun Deng, Chaoming Wang, Ye Fang

Faculty Bibliography 2010s

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is the target of several clinically approved tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) drugs including gefitinib and erlotinib in the treatment of cancer. Multiple mechanisms have been implicated in the clinical features of these drugs. However, little is known about the molecular mechanism of action of these drugs at the whole cell level. Here we applied a label-free biosensor-enabled dynamic mass redistribution (DMR) assay to assess the molecular mechanism of action of three EGFR inhibitors, gefitinib, erlotinib and AG1478, to alter the EGFR signaling in A431 and HT-29, two native cancer cell lines expressing the EGFR. The …


Heat-Stress And Light-Stress Induce Different Cellular Pathologies In The Symbiotic Dinoflagellate During Coral Bleaching, C. A. Downs, Kathleen E. Mcdougall, Cheryl M. Woodley, John E. Fauth, Robert H. Richmond, Ariel Kushmaro, Stuart W. Gibb, Yossi Loya, Gary K. Ostrander, Esti Kramarsky-Winter Jan 2013

Heat-Stress And Light-Stress Induce Different Cellular Pathologies In The Symbiotic Dinoflagellate During Coral Bleaching, C. A. Downs, Kathleen E. Mcdougall, Cheryl M. Woodley, John E. Fauth, Robert H. Richmond, Ariel Kushmaro, Stuart W. Gibb, Yossi Loya, Gary K. Ostrander, Esti Kramarsky-Winter

Faculty Bibliography 2010s

Coral bleaching is a significant contributor to the worldwide degradation of coral reefs and is indicative of the termination of symbiosis between the coral host and its symbiotic algae (dinoflagellate; Symbiodinium sp. complex), usually by expulsion or xenophagy (symbiophagy) of its dinoflagellates. Herein, we provide evidence that during the earliest stages of environmentally induced bleaching, heat stress and light stress generate distinctly different pathomorphological changes in the chloroplasts, while a combined heat-and light-stress exposure induces both pathomorphologies; suggesting that these stressors act on the dinoflagellate by different mechanisms. Within the first 48 hours of a heat stress (32 degrees C) …


In Vivo Expression Technology Identifies A Novel Virulence Factor Critical For Borrelia Burgdorferi Persistence In Mice, Tisha Choudhury Ellis, Sunny Jain, Angelika K. Linowski, Kelli Rike, Aaron Bestor, Patricia A. Rosa, Micah Halpern, Stephanie Kurhanewicz, Mollie W. Jewett Jan 2013

In Vivo Expression Technology Identifies A Novel Virulence Factor Critical For Borrelia Burgdorferi Persistence In Mice, Tisha Choudhury Ellis, Sunny Jain, Angelika K. Linowski, Kelli Rike, Aaron Bestor, Patricia A. Rosa, Micah Halpern, Stephanie Kurhanewicz, Mollie W. Jewett

Faculty Bibliography 2010s

Analysis of the transcriptome of Borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of Lyme disease, during infection has proven difficult due to the low spirochete loads in the mammalian tissues. To overcome this challenge, we have developed an In Vivo Expression Technology (IVET) system for identification of B. burgdorferi genes expressed during an active murine infection. Spirochetes lacking linear plasmid (lp) 25 are non-infectious yet highly transformable. Mouse infection can be restored to these spirochetes by expression of the essential lp25-encoded pncA gene alone. Therefore, this IVET-based approach selects for in vivo-expressed promoters that drive expression of pncA resulting in the recovery …


Identification Of Snp-Containing Regulatory Motifs In The Myelodysplastic Syndromes Model Using Snp Arrays Ad Gene Expression Arrays, Jing Fan, Jennifer G. Dy, Chung-Che Chang, Xiaoboo Zhou Jan 2013

Identification Of Snp-Containing Regulatory Motifs In The Myelodysplastic Syndromes Model Using Snp Arrays Ad Gene Expression Arrays, Jing Fan, Jennifer G. Dy, Chung-Che Chang, Xiaoboo Zhou

Faculty Bibliography 2010s

Myelodysplastic syndromes have increased in frequency and incidence in the American population, but patient prognosis has not significantly improved over the last decade. Such improvements could be realized if biomarkers for accurate diagnosis and prognostic stratification were successfully identified. In this study, we propose a method that associates two state-of-the-art array technologies-single nucleotide polymor-phism (SNP) array and gene expression array-with gene motifs considered transcription factor-binding sites (TFBS). We are particularly interested in SNP-containing motifs introduced by genetic variation and mutation as TFBS. The potential regulation of SNP-containing motifs affects only when certain mutations occur. These motifs can be identified from …


Seasonality Influences Cuticle Melanization And Immune Defense In A Cricket: Support For A Temperature-Dependent Immune Investment Hypothesis In Insects, Kenneth M. Fedorka, Emily K. Copeland, Wade E. Winterhalter Jan 2013

Seasonality Influences Cuticle Melanization And Immune Defense In A Cricket: Support For A Temperature-Dependent Immune Investment Hypothesis In Insects, Kenneth M. Fedorka, Emily K. Copeland, Wade E. Winterhalter

Faculty Bibliography 2010s

To improve thermoregulation in colder environments, insects are expected to darken their cuticles with melanin via the phenoloxidase cascade, a phenomenon predicted by the thermal melanin hypothesis. However, the phenoloxidase cascade also plays a significant role in insect immunity, leading to the additional hypothesis that the thermal environment indirectly shapes immune function via direct selection on cuticle color. Support for the latter hypothesis comes from the cricket Allonemobius socius, where cuticle darkness and immune-related phenoloxidase activity increase with latitude. However, thermal environments vary seasonally as well as geographically, suggesting that seasonal plasticity in immunity may also exist. Although seasonal fluctuations …