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The Immunological Mechanisms Of Influenza Vaccination: A Comparison Between A Seasonal Subunit Vaccine And An H5n1 Subunit Vaccine With And Without Alum Adjuvant, Sarah Elizabeth Vaughan

Biomedical Sciences ETDs

Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 is an emerging infectious virus with a 60% fatality rate in humans. In the United States, a vaccine for H5N1 has been developed and stockpiled using FDA approved methods for seasonal vaccines; however, the H5N1 vaccine was shown to be less immunogenic than seasonal vaccines when evaluated in clinical trials. Adjuvants can be used to enhance the immune response to antigens. For the studies described herein, a lethal mouse model of H5N1 infection was utilized to examine the immune response to the H5N1 vaccine with and without the addition of an alum adjuvant, and …

Needle Stick Injuries--Risk And Preventive Factors: A Study Among Health Care Workers In Tertiary Care Hospitals In Pakistan., Asad Ali Khan Afridi, Ameet Kumar, Raza Sayani

Community Health Sciences

BACKGROUND:

Health care workers (HCWs) are at substantial risk of acquiring blood borne infections such as HIV, Hepatitis-B and Hepatitis-C through needle stick injuries (NSIs). This study aimed to assess the proportion of NSIs and their associated factors among HCWs and also to identify the areas in which preventive efforts might be directed to protect against this occupational hazard.

METHODOLOGY:

A cross-sectional study was conducted in two tertiary care hospitals of Pakistan representing both private and public health sector. A total of 497 HCWs (doctors and nurses) were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. Data was collected from January to May …

Neiu College Of Education News & Notes- Summer 2013, Russell Wartalski

News & Notes - College of Education

No abstract provided.

Academic Capitalism In The Responsiveness Of Science Academic Units At Makerere University, Ronald Bisaso

Journal of Comparative & International Higher Education

N/A

Effectiveness Of Pentavalent And Monovalent Rotavirus Vaccines In Concurrent Use Among Us Children <5 Years Of Age, 2009-2011, Daniel C. Payne, Julie A. Boom, Mary Allen Staat, Kathryn M. Edwards, Peter G. Szilagyi, Eileen J. Klein, Rangaraj Selvarangan, Parvin H. Azimi, Christopher J. Harrison, Mary Moffatt, Samantha H. Johnston, Leila C. Sahni, Carol J, Baker, Marcia A. Rench, Stephanie Donauer, Monica Mcneal, James Chappell, Geoffrey A. Weinberg, Azadeh Tasslimi, Jacqueline E. Tate, Mary Wikswo, Aaron T. Curns, Iddrisu Sulemana, Slavica Mijatovic-Rustempasic, Mathew D. Esona, Michael D. Bowen, Jon R. Gentsch, Umesh D. Parashar

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

Background We assessed vaccine effectiveness (VE) for RotaTeq (RV5; 3 doses) and Rotarix (RV1; 2 doses) at reducing rotavirus acute gastroenteritis (AGE) inpatient and emergency department (ED) visits in US children.

Methods We enrolled children vaccine, age, ethnicity, genotype, and clinical setting.

Results RV5-specific analyses included 359 rotavirus cases and 1811 rotavirus-negative AGE controls. RV1-specific analyses included 60 rotavirus cases and 155 rotavirus-negative AGE controls. RV5 and RV1 were 84% (95% confidence interval [CI], 78%-88%) and 70% (95% CI, 39%-86%) effective, respectively, against rotavirus-associated ED visits and hospitalizations combined. By clinical setting, RV5 VE against ED and inpatient rotavirus-associated visits …

Don't Give Your Kid That Shot!: The Public Health Threat Posed By Anti-Vaccine Speech And Why Such Speech Is Not Guaranteed Full Protection Under The First Amendment, Amanda C. Naprawa

Cardozo Public Law, Policy & Ethics Journal

The article argues that antivaccination speech poses a significant threat to public health, and the law should be utilized to regulate such speech to prevent the spread of preventable diseases and protect vulnerable populations through herd immunity. While the First Amendment protects free speech, legal measures such as the FTC regulating false advertising and potential vaccine disparagement statutes can be effective tools in curbing harmful misinformation. The article emphasizes the need for a balanced approach that respects individual rights while safeguarding community health, supported by scientific consensus on vaccine safety and legal precedents like Jacobson v. Massachusetts.

Tylenol And An Ice Pack: An Inadequate Prescription For Hiv/Aids In Immigration Detention Centers, Carl Kenneth Lipscombe

Cardozo Public Law, Policy & Ethics Journal

The note examines the systemic challenges in providing adequate HIV treatment to immigration detainees in U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) custody, highlighting the legal and practical barriers that prevent detainees from receiving consistent and effective medical care. It argues that the current framework, governed by non-binding standards and inconsistent enforcement, fails to ensure humane treatment under the Constitution, particularly the Eighth Amendment’s prohibition of cruel and unusual punishment. The analysis calls for structural reforms, including codifying detention standards into enforceable regulations and improving oversight mechanisms, to address the inadequate medical care for HIV-positive detainees.

The Effect Of The Probiotic Pediococcus Acidilactici On The Gut Microbiota Ecology Of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss Walbaum) Analysed Using Dgge, Alice Anderson

The Plymouth Student Scientist

The microbiota of the gastrointestinal tract heavily influences the health, growth and survival of fish. Probiotics have proved effective in improving fish productivity in aquaculture. Research suggests that probiotics, supplemented in the feed, may elicit these benefits by altering the ecology of the gastrointestinal microbiota. The probiotic Pediococcus acidilactici has been successfully used for terrestrial animals and humans but its use in aquatic organisms has been less researched. In the present study, rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum) were fed a diet that contained Ped. Acidilactici, or a control diet. Analysis of the posterior digesta bacteria, using a non-culture dependant technique, …

Rez Realities: Exploring The Perceptions Of Crime And Justice Among Tribal Police Officers In Indian Country, Favian Alejandro Martin

Sociology & Criminal Justice Theses & Dissertations

Although American Indians and Alaskan Natives (AI/NA) compose just over 1% of the general population in the U.S., they experience higher rates of crime and violence than the total population and are dramatically over-represented in the criminal justice system. In light of these realities, the paucity of research on AI/NA crime, violence, and justice problems is appalling. What research does exist suggests that AI/NA crime and victimization is correlated with social problems such as poverty and illegal drug use which are linked to the social ills of colonialism. Drawing on the work of Loader (1997), this dissertation examines the perceptions …

Traversing Invitational Spaces: The Beautiful Iraqi Women Project, Carmen Lowry

Communication ETDs

The Beautiful Iraqi Women project was a short-term participatory research project co-designed and co-facilitated with Iraqi refugee women. Pragmatic project goals were to learn about Iraqi refugees' resettlement experiences and create accessible and welcoming entries into the different spaces that govern refugee resettlement processes. Theoretical goals were concerned with learning how invitational rhetoric concepts of safety, immanent value, self-determination, and sharing perspectives contribute to achieving the pragmatic goals. Research questions framing this project were: RQ1: How is invitational rhetoric constructed in a short-term project with Iraqi refugee women? RQ2: In this invitational space, what do Iraqi participants' shared perspectives reveal …

The Epidemiology Of Human Herpesvirus-8: Transmission Of Infection To Children In Zambian Households, Kay L. Crabtree

School of Biological Sciences: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Human Herpes virus-8 (HHV-8) is the known etiologic agent for several malignant pathologies, including Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS), the most common tumor in children in sub-Saharan Africa. Saliva is implicated as the culprit of transmission; however there is a paucity of information regarding transmission to young children. In this study, we investigated the hypothesis that household behaviors exposing the susceptible child to saliva increase the risk of transmission of HHV-8 to that child.

To test our hypothesis a large prospective cohort study in Lusaka, Zambia, enrolling 464 young children and their households, was followed for 48 months. Socio-demographics, health histories, feeding …

Case Studies Of African Agricultural Biotechnology Regulation: Precautionary And Harmonized Policy-Making In The Wake Of The Cartagena Protocol And The Au Model Law, R. Nelson Godfrey

Loyola of Los Angeles International and Comparative Law Review

No abstract provided.

2013/2014 University Of The Pacific Arthur A. Dugoni School Of Dentistry Catalog, University Of The Pacific

Catalogue, Bulletin, Catalog

No abstract provided.

Characterization Of The Gut Microbiota And Colitogenic Bacterial Species In Core 1 O-Glycans Deficient Mice, Maria E. Perez-Munoz

Department of Food Science and Technology: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Mucus is one important component of the intestinal mucosal barrier, and loss of its functionality is associated with colitis in humans and mice. Mice deficient in core 1 O-glycans (TM-IEC C1galt1^-/-) display a thinner mucus layer upon mutation of the glycosyltransferase enzyme (C1GALT1) responsible for core 1 O-glycans attachment, thus constituting an experimental model for human Ulcerative Colitis (UC). Under conventional conditions, these mice experience spontaneous inflammation of the colon. However, the exact role of the microbiota in colitis development in these mice has not been systematically investigated.

Aimed to gain insights into the role of …

That's Disgusting!, Kim Hill, Tim Obermiller

Illinois Wesleyan University Magazine, 2002-2017

In examining what makes us feel revulsion, Daniel Kelly ’97 also reveals surprising truths about what makes us human.

Optimal Control Modeling And Simulation, With Application To Cholera Dynamics, Chairat Modnak

Mathematics & Statistics Theses & Dissertations

The theory of optimal control, a modern extension of the calculus of variations. has found many applications in a wide range of scientific fields, particularly in epidemiology with respect to disease prevention and intervention. In this dissertation. we conduct optimal control modeling, simulation and analysis to cholera dynamics. Cholera is a severe intestinal infectious disease that remains a serious public health threat in developing countries. Transmission of cholera involves complex interactions between the human host, the pathogen, and the environment. The worldwide cholera outbreaks and their increasing severity, frequency and duration in recent years underscore the gap between the complex …

In Vitro Selection Of Chloroquine Tolerant Plasmodium Falciparum Parasites, Daniel A. Daley

Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations

Malaria is among the most devastating human diseases, and a majority of lethal cases are caused by the protozoan parasite, Plasmodiumfalciparum. The emergence of multi-drug resistant P.falciparum is a major obstacle to malaria control and is highlighted by the abandonment of chloroquine (CQ) as a first-line treatment of P.falciparum infections worldwide. Chloroquine resistance (CQR) is associated primarily with mutations in the transmembrane digestive vacuole protein, PfCRT. However, CQR P.falciparum parasites harboring the same mutant pfcrt allele vary in their CQ response, suggesting the CQ response is multigenic in nature. No gene outside of pfcrt is completely associated with CQR. Thus, …

2012-2013 Department Of Surgery Scholarly Activity Report, Quillen College Of Medicine, East Tennessee State University

Quillen College of Medicine Scholarly Activity Reports

No abstract provided.

2012-2013 Department Of Biomedical Sciences Scholarly Activity Report, Quillen College Of Medicine, East Tennessee State University

Quillen College of Medicine Scholarly Activity Reports

No abstract provided.

Ill-Informed Consent? A Content Analysis Of Physical Risk Disclosure In School-Based Hpv Vaccine Programs, Jocelyn Downie, Noni Macdonald, Francoise Baylis, Audrey Steenbeek, Mary Appleton

Research Papers, Working Papers, Conference Papers

This study examines the accuracy completeness and consistency of human papilloma virus HPV vaccine related physical risks disclosed in documents available to parents legal guardians and girls in Canadian jurisdictions with schoolbased HPV vaccine programs

Endowed Support Fund In Infectious Diseases Established, Jim Bakken

Browse All News

No abstract provided.

Cryptopatches Are Essential For The Development Of Human Galt, Tomonori Nochi, Paul W. Denton, Angela Wahl, J. Victor Garcia

Biology Faculty Publications

Abnormal gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) in humans is associated with infectious and autoimmune diseases, which cause dysfunction of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract immune system. To aid in investigating GALT pathologies in vivo, we bioengineered a human-mouse chimeric model characterized by the development of human GALT structures originating in mouse cryptopatches. This observation expands our mechanistic understanding of the role of cryptopatches in human GALT genesis and emphasizes the evolutionary conservation of this developmental process. Immunoglobulin class switching to IgA occurs in these GALT structures, leading to numerous human IgAproducing plasma cells throughout the intestinal lamina propria. CD4+ T cell depletion …

The Effect Of The Sphere Standards On The Incidence Of Communicable And Infectious Diseases In A Complex Humanitarian Emergency, Masashi Rotte

Master of Public Health Capstone Presentations

The purpose of this study was to determine what effect achieving the Sphere Standards relating to water and sanitation had on the incidence of communicable diseases in a returnee camp in South Sudan during a complex humanitarian emergency. The water and sanitation infrastructure of the returnee camp was tracked over time until it met the Sphere Standards. The total camp population was also tracked over the same period of time and compared to daily counts of diseases diagnosed in a medical clinic at the camp. A daily incidence of disease was then calculated for each communicable disease that was tracked. …

Smartphone Apps For Disasters: Workshop Lesson Plan, Paul Levett

Himmelfarb Library Faculty Posters and Presentations

This instruction was designed to be delivered to a Disaster Medical Assistance Team (DMAT) or a Community Emergency Response Team (CERT).

Instructional Goal #1: Using a personal smartphone connected to the internet, learners will download medical information apps, before deployment to a disaster environment.

Instructional Goal #2: Recalling real and simulated patient care situations that required additional medical information, learners will identify and search smartphone apps for relevant, current, authoritative, medical information that could be applied to the care of individual patients in disasters.

Antibiotic-Bound Poly(Caprolactone) Polymer, Edward Turos, Michelle Leslie

USF Patents

This invention is the design and synthesis of a caprolactone monomer which bears a pendant protected carboxyl group. This monomer has been copolymerized with caprolactone in varying ratios. After polymerization, the protecting group can be removed and an antibiotic can be attached as a new pendant group. The bioactivity of the antibiotic-bound poly(caprolactone) polymer is described.

Introducing A Rigid Loop Structure From Deer Into Mouse Prion Protein Increases Its Propensity For Misfolding In Vitro, Leah Kyle, Theodore R. John, Hermann M. Schätzl, Randolph V. Lewis

Biology Faculty Publications

Prion diseases are fatal neurodegenerative disorders characterized by misfolding of the cellular prion protein (PrPc) into the disease-associated isoform (PrPSc) that has increased β-sheet content and partial resistance to proteolytic digestion. Prion diseases from different mammalian species have varying propensities for transmission upon exposure of an uninfected host to the infectious agent. Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) is a highly transmissible prion disease that affects free ranging and farmed populations of cervids including deer, elk and moose, as well as other mammals in experimental settings. The molecular mechanisms allowing CWD to maintain comparatively high transmission rates have not been determined. Previous …

Cannabinoids Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (Thc) And Cp55,940 Ablate Specific Chemokine And Cytokine Inflammatory Response In Bv-2 Mouse Microglial Cells Activated With Hiv-1 Pro-Inflammatory Protein Tat, Rebecca Maddux

Theses and Dissertations

Despite the widespread use of Highly Active Anti-retroviral Therapy (HAART) to combat Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), the causative agent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders (HANDs) still remain a dire issue. HIV can enter the brain through infected monocytes and infect microglia, the resident macrophages within that compartment. Due to its pro-inflammatory properties, HIV regulatory protein Tat (Transactivating protein) may play a role in the progression of neurocognitive disorders. The aim of this project was to determine whether the select cannabinoids THC and CP55,940 could ablate the inflammatory response on BV-2 mouse microglia cells caused by Tat. Within …

Local Public Health In Financial Crises: Common Decision Drivers For Changes In Services Due To Economic Downturn, Gulzar H. Shah

Health Policy & Management: Faculty Presentations (2008-2022)

We measured the impact of the 2008-2010 economic recession on local health departments (LHDs) across the United States. Between 2008 and 2010, we conducted 3 Web-based, cross-sectional surveys of a nationally representative sample of LHDs to assess cuts to budgets, workforce, and programs. By early 2010, more than half of the LHDs (53%) were experiencing cuts to their core funding. In excess of 23 000 LHDs jobs were lost in 2008-2009. All programmatic areas were affected by cuts, and more than half of protecting the health of the public, such as monitoring health status to identify and solve community health …

Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections Management In Women : A Reurinary Tract Infections (Utis) Are One Of The Most Frequent Clinical Bacterial Infections In Women, Accounting For Nearly 25% Of All Infections. Around 50–60% Of Women Will Develop Utis In Thview, Ahmed Al-Badr, Ghadeer Al-Shaikh

Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most frequent clinical bacterial infections in women, accounting for nearly 25% of all infections. Around 50–60% of women will develop UTIs in their lifetimes. Escherichia coli is the organism that causes UTIs in most patients. Recurrent UTIs (RUTI) are mainly caused by reinfection by the same pathogen. Having frequent sexual intercourse is one of the greatest risk factors for RUTIs. In a subgroup of individuals with coexisting morbid conditions, complicated RUTIs can lead to upper tract infections or urosepsis. Although the initial treatment is antimicrobial therapy, use of different prophylactic regimens and …

Imdb Network Revisited: Unveiling Fractal And Modular Properties From A Typical Small-World Network, Lazaros K. Gallos, Fabricio Q. Potiguar, José S. Andrade, Hernan A. Makse

Publications and Research

We study a subset of the movie collaboration network, http://www.imdb.com, where only adult movies are included. We show that there are many benefits in using such a network, which can serve as a prototype for studying social interactions. We find that the strength of links, i.e., how many times two actors have collaborated with each other, is an important factor that can significantly influence the network topology. We see that when we link all actors in the same movie with each other, the network becomes small-world, lacking a proper modular structure. On the other hand, by imposing a threshold on …