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Understanding Multidrug Resistance In Gram-Negative Bacteria -- A Study Of A Drug Efflux Pump Acrb And A Periplasmic Chaperone Sura, Meng Zhong

Theses and Dissertations--Chemistry

Multiple drug resistance (MDR) has been a severe issue in treatment and recovery from infection.Gram-negative bacteria intrinsically exhibit higher drug tolerance than Gram-positive microbes. In this thesis, two proteins involved in Gram-negative bacterial MDR were studied, AcrB and SurA.

Resistance-nodulation-cell division pump AcrAB-TolC is the major MDR efflux system in Gram-negative bacteria and efficiently extrudes a broad range of substances from the cells. To study subtle conformational changes of AcrB in vivo, a reporter platform was designed. Cysteine pairs were introduced into different regions in the periplasmic domain of the protein, and the extents of disulfide bond formation were …

Are You In Or Out?: Qualitative Study On Factors Associated With Minorities' Decisions About Organ Donation, Jennifer Yvonne Cannon

Masters Theses

The United States Department of Health and Human Services (USDHH; 2011) has declared that the need for organ transplant in minorities is disproportionately high compared to Caucasians. Of the minority groups represented in the United States, African-Americans are the largest group in need of organ transplantation (USDHH, 2011) and, this group spends more time on the donor organ waiting list than any other minority group (Moore, 2007). The purpose of this study was to explore what factors affect organ donation decision making for college students from ethnic minority groups. In addition, the study looked at mistrust in the medical community …

Readmission And Death After An Acute Heart Failure Event: Predictors And Outcomes In Sub-Saharan Africa: Results From The Thesus-Hf Registry, K. Sliwa, B. A. Davison, B. M. Mayosi, A. Damasceno, M. Sani, O. S. Ogah, C. Mondo, D. Ojji, A. Dzudie, C. K. Kouam, A. Suliman, N. Schrueder, Gerald Yonga, S. A. Ba, F. Maru, B. Alemayehu, C. Edwards, G. Cotter

Internal Medicine, East Africa

Aims: Contrary to elderly patients with ischaemic-related acute heart failure (AHF) typically enrolled in North American and European registries, patients enrolled in the sub-Saharan Africa Survey of Heart Failure (THESUS-HF) were middle-aged with AHF due primarily to non-ischaemic causes.We sought to describe factors prognostic of re-admission and death in this developing population.

Methods and results: Prognostic models were developed from data collected on 1006 patients enrolled in THESUS-HF, a prospective registry of AHF patients in 12 hospitals in nine sub-Saharan African countries, mostly in Nigeria, Uganda, and South Africa. The main predictors of 60-day re-admission or death in …

Diagnosis Of Schistosoma Mansoni Without The Stool: Comparison Of Three Diagnostic Tests To Detect Schiostosoma Mansoni Infection From Filtered Urine In Zambia, Nilanjan Lodh, James C. L. Mwansa, Mabel M. Mutengo, Clive J. Shiff

Clinical Lab Sciences Faculty Research and Publications

Diagnosis for intestinal Schistosoma mansoni lacks sensitivity and is arduous to conduct. The standard diagnostic tests, Kato-Katz (KK) and circulating cathodic antigen (CCA) both lack sensitivity and with KK, require obtaining, transporting, and examining fresh stool. We compared diagnostic efficacy of KK, CCA, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect S. mansoni infection (species-specific DNA) from 89 filtered urine samples collected in Zambia. The PCR was the strongest indicator of positive cases with sensitivity and specificity of 100% in comparison to CCA (67% and 60%) and KK (50% and 100%). High positive and negative predictive values (100%) were also indicative …

Household Organization In The Fur Trade Era: Socioeconomic And Spatial Organizations Of Housepit 54, Alexandra Christine Williams

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

Households are fundamental units of society that possess powerful explanatory potential; however, few studies have approached household organization during the critical contact period within the Mid-Fraser Canyon. The 2012 excavation of Bridge River’s Housepit 54 (HP 54) offers a rare opportunity to investigate such socioeconomic relationships and their spatial manifestations. Hypotheses structured with a household archaeology theoretical framework emphasize household socioeconomic strategies. The first hypothesis outlines a network strategy characterized by greater centralization of power, hierarchical complexity, and material-wealth that is reflected in residential units with individual features and disparate accumulations of prestige goods and high utility resources. Such floor …

Correlates Of Consistent Condom Use Among Female Entertainment Workers In Shanghai, China: A Repeated Measures Analysis, Xiushi Yang, Guomei Xia

Sociology & Criminal Justice Faculty Publications

Female entertainment workers (FEWs) in China are at increased risk of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections, but correlates of their risky sexual behaviour remain poorly understood. Using data from a series of four surveys, this paper employs repeated measures analysis to identify individual and social correlates of consistent condom use among FEWs in Shanghai. Results reveal that both individual cognitive and social influence factors are statistically significant in their bivariate relationships to consistent condom use with a stable or non-stable partner; only prevention motivation and perceived self-efficacy in condom use remain significant in the multiple regressions. When individual and …

A Mathematical Model Describing The Dynamics Of Hiv Virions And Cd4+T Cells In The Human Immune System, Matthew Chacko

Honors Theses

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is an intracellular parasite that attacks cells of the immune system called CD4+T cells. In ecology the Lotka-Volterra models, a classical set of differential equations, describe three interactions between species in ecosystems: predator/prey, mutualism, and competition. The human body is also an ecosystem with HIV and T cells exhibiting the three Lotka-Volterra interactions with each other. I pose a mathematical model that predicts T cell/HIV dynamics by incorporating the three Lotka-Volterra interactions and other salient biological phenomena that influence the dynamics, such as T cell senescence and the presence of viral reserviors.

Transmission Assessment Surveys (Tas) To Define Endpoints For Lymphatic Filariasis Mass Drug Administration: A Multicenter Evaluation, Peter U. Fischer, Ramakrishna U. Rao, Et Al

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Dnmt Gene Expression And Methylome In Marek’S Disease Resistant And Susceptible Chickens Prior To And Following Infection By Mdv, Fei Tian, Fei Zhan, Nathan D. Vanderkraats, Jeffrey F. Hiken, John R. Edwards, Huanmin Zhang, Keji Zhao, Jiuzhou Song

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Weekend Diagnosis Of Escherichia Coli Urinary Tract Infection Does Not Predict Poor Outcome, J. F. Echaiz, J. P. Henderson, D. K. Warren, J. Marschall

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Hepatitis C Virus Infection Upregulates Cd55 Expression On The Hepatocyte Surface And Promotes Association With Virus Particles, Budhaditya Mazumdar, Hangeun Kim, Keith Meyer, Sandip K. Bose, Adrian M. Di Bisceglie, Ratna B. Ray, Michael S. Diamond, John P. Atkinson, Ranjit Ray

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Laboratory And Field Evaluation Of A New Rapid Test For Detecting Wuchereria Bancrofti Antigen In Human Blood, Gary J. Weil, Kurt C. Curtis, Lawrence Fakoli, Kerstin Fischer, Lincoln Gankpala, Patrick J. Lammie, Andrew C. Majewski, Sonia Pelletreau, Kimberly Y. Won, Fatorma K. Bolay, Peter U. Fischer

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Whole-Genome Draft Sequences Of 26 Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia Coli O157:H7 Strains, Phillip I. Tarr, Et Al

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

A Short Hairpin Rna Screen Of Interferon-Stimulated Genes Identifies A Novel Negative Regulator Of The Cellular Antiviral Response, Jianqing Li, Steve C. Ding, Hyelim Cho, Brian C. Chung, Michael Gale Jr., Sumit K. Chandra, Michael S. Diamond

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Daptomycin-Resistant Enterococcus Faecalis Diverts The Antibiotic Molecule From The Division Septum And Remodels Cell Membrane Phospholipids, Truc T. Tran, Diana Panesso, Nagendra N. Mishra, Eugenia Mileykovskaya, Ziqianq Guan, Jose M. Munita, Jinnethe Reyes, Lorena Diaz, George M. Weinstock, Barbara E. Murray, Yousif Shamoo, William Dowhan, Arnold S. Bayer, Cesar A. Arias

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Body Temperature Patterns As A Predictor Of Hospital-Acquired Sepsis In Afebrile Adult Intensive Care Unit Patients: A Case-Control Study, Anne M. Drewry, Brian M. Fuller, Thomas C. Bailey, Richard S. Hotchkiss

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Escherichia Coli Biofilms Have An Organized And Complex Extracellular Matrix Structure, Chia Hung, Yizhou Zhou, Jerome S. Pinkner, Karen W. Dodson, Jan R. Crowley, John Heuser, Matthew R. Chapman, Maria Hadjifrangiskou, Jeffrey P. Henderson, Scott J. Hultgren

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

A Sas-6-Like Protein Suggests That The Toxoplasma Conoid Complex Evolved From Flagellar Components, Jessica Cruz De Leon, Nicole Scheumann, Wandy Beatty, Josh R. Beck, Johnson Q. Tran, Candace Yau, Peter J. Bradley, Keith Gull, Bill Wickstead, Naomi S. Morrissette

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Cryptococcus Neoformans Phosphoinositide-Dependent Kinase 1 (Pdk1) Ortholog Is Required For Stress Tolerance And Survival In Murine Phagocytes, Yeissa Chabrier-Rosello, Kimberly J. Gerik, Kristy Koselny, Louis Didone, Jennifer K. Lodge, Damian J. Krysan

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Identification Of Novel Viruses Using Virushunter -- An Automated Data Analysis Pipeline, Guoyan Zhao, Siddharth Krishnamurthy, Zhengqiu Cai, Vsevolod L. Popov, Amelia P. Travassos Da Rossa, Hilda Guzman, Song Cao, Herbert W. Virgin, Robert B. Tesh, David Wang

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Diagnosis Of Clostridium Difficile Infection: An Ongoing Conundrum For Clinicians And For Clinical Laboratories, Carey-Ann D. Burnham, Karen C. Carroll

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Study Of Avidity Of Antigen-Specific Antibody As A Means Of Understanding Development Of Long-Term Immunological Memory After Vibrio Cholerae O1 Infection, Mohammad Murshid Alam, Mohammad Arifuzzaman, Shaikh Meshbahuddin Ahmad, M. Ismail Hosen, Mohammad Arif Rahman, Rasheduzzaman Rashu, Alaullah Sheikh, Edward T. Ryan, Stephen B. Calderwood, Firdausi Qadri

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Inhibitory Humoral Responses To The Plasmodium Falciparum Vaccine Candidate Eba-175 Are Independent Of The Erythrocyte Invasion Pathway, Aida S. Badiane, Amy K. Bei, Ambroise D. Ahouidi, Saurabh D. Patel, Nichole Salinas, Daouda Ndiaye, Ousmane Sarr, Omar Ndir, Niraj H. Tolia, Souleymane Mboup, Manoj T. Duraisingh

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Pilin And Sortase Residues Critical For Endocarditis- And Biofilm-Associated Pilus Biogenesis In Enterococcus Faecalis, Hailyn V. Nielsen, Ana L. Flores-Mireles, Andrew L. Kau, Kimberly A. Kline, Jerome S. Pinkner, Fabrice Neiers, Staffan Normark, Birgitta Henriques-Normark, Michael G. Caparon

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Impact Of Six Rounds Of Mass Drug Administration On Brugian Filariasis And Soil-Transmitted Helminth Infections In Eastern Indonesia, Taniawati Supali, Yenny Djuardi, Mark Bradley, Rahmah Noordin, Paul Ruckert, Peter U. Fischer

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Hiv-Infected Adolescent, Young Adult And Pregnant Smokers: Important Targets For Effective Tobacco Control Programs, Gerome Escota, Nur Önen

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Child-Oriented Marketing Techniques In Snack Food Packages In Guatemala, Violeta Chacon, Paola Letona, Joaquin Barnoya

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Disrupting Malaria Parasite Ama1-Ron2 Interaction With A Small Molecule Prevents Erythrocyte Invasion, Prakash Srinivasan, Adam Yasgar, Diane K. Luci, Wandy L. Beatty, Xin Hu, John Andersen, David L. Narum, J. Kathleen Moch, Hongmao Sun, J. David Haynes, David J. Maloney, Ajit Jadhav, Anton Simeonov, Louis H. Miller

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Cyclin A Degradation By Primate Cytomegalovirus Protein Pul21a Counters Its Innate Restriction Of Virus Replication, Nicolas Caffarelli, Anthony R. Fehr, Dong Yu

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Proteomic Analysis Of Oesophagostomum Dentatum (Nematoda) During Larval Transition, And The Effects Of Hydrolase Inhibitors On Development, Martina Ondrovics, Katja Silbermayr, Makedonka Mitreva, Neil D. Young, Ebrahim Razzazi-Fazeli, Robin B. Gasser, Anja Joachim

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.