Digital Commons Network^™

Suppressive Chemoprophylaxis Invites Avoidable Risk Of Serious Illness Caused By Plasmodium Vivax Malaria, J. Kevin Baird

United States Public Health Resources

Despite inadequacy in preventing vivax malaria after travel, suppressive chemoprophylaxis has dominated travel medicine strategy since the advent of chloroquine in 1946. The lethal threat of falciparum malaria versus the perceived benign consequence of vivax malaria underpins this strategic posture. Recent evidence demonstrating vivax malaria as often pernicious should prompt reconsideration of that posture. Causal prophylaxis kills early developing forms of plasmodia in the liver, thus preventing attacks of falciparum and vivax malaria during travel and delayed onset vivax malaria following travel. Primaquine is the only available drug for this application, and has good evidence of safety, tolerability and efficacy …

Development And Performance Evaluation Of A Streamlined Method For Nucleic Acid Purification, Denaturation, And Multiplex Detection Of Bluetongue Virus And Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease Virus, Megan E. Schroeder, Donna J. Johnson, Eileen N. Ostlund, Jennifer Meier, Mangkey A. Bounpheng, Alfonso Clavijo

United States Public Health Resources

Bluetongue virus (BTV) and Epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) possess similar structural and molecular features, are transmitted by biting midges (genus Culicoides), and cause similar diseases in some susceptible ruminants. Generally, BTV causes subclinical disease in cattle, characterized by a prolonged viremia. EHDV-associated disease in cattle is less prominent; however, it has emerged as a major economic threat to the white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) industry in many areas of the United States. The recent emergence of multiple BTV and EHDV serotypes previously undetected in the United States demonstrates the need for robust detection of all known serotypes …

A Case–Control Study Of Incident Rheumatological Conditions Following Acute Gastroenteritis During Military Deployment, Kathryn Deyoung, Mark A. Riddle, Larissa S. May, Chad K. Porter

Epidemiology Faculty Publications

Objectives The aim of this study was to assess the risk of incident rheumatological diagnoses (RD) associated with self-reported diarrhoea and vomiting during a first-time deployment to Iraq or Afghanistan. Such an association would provide evidence that RD in this population may include individuals with reactive arthritis (ReA) from deployment-related infectious gastroenteritis.

Design This case–control epidemiological study used univariate and multivariate logistic regression to compare the odds of self-reported diarrhoea/vomiting among deployed US military personnel with incident RD to the odds of diarrhoea/vomiting among a control population.

Setting We analysed health records of personnel deployed to Iraq or Afghanistan, including …

Breast Milk For Preterm Infants: A Nursing Education Program, Lynn Root

Theses and Graduate Projects

The incidence and duration of breast milk feedings for preterm infants, via gavage, bottle and/or breast, is less than that of full-term infants despite scientific-based benefits of breast milk for preterm infants. Maternal-neonatal nurses play a critical role in supporting mothers of preterm infants and promoting breast milk for this population. However, when caring for the mother-preterm dyad, the maternal-neonatal nurse may encounter several barriers in the promotion of breast milk. It has been identified that one of the major barriers to the initiation and maintenance of lactation in mothers of preterm infants is the inconsistent information and lack of …

Influenza Vaccination: An Educational Module For Health Care Workers, Lisa A. Hogan

Theses and Graduate Projects

The seasonal influenza virus continues to have a significant impact on the health of hundreds of thousands of individuals in the United States each year, despite the availability of a vaccine shown to be effective at reducing both illness and death. All Health Care Workers (HCWs) at a large Midwestern medical center must make a choice whether to receive the yearly influenza vaccine or not, and approximately 5,000 HCWs chose to decline the vaccine in 20l2. Reasons given for these declinations included fears about vaccine safety and effectiveness, as well as misperceptions about vaccine side effects and the intended recipients. …

Education And Opportuntty: Creating A Scholarship Program In Ecuador, Holly Hanson

Theses and Graduate Projects

Educating young women offers significant benefits to societies, including economic progress and improved health outcomes. Despite the benefit, many girls around the world lack access and opportunity to education. The Rochester, Minnesota 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization, Hands For Humanity, addresses this inequity through offering a college scholarship program for young Ecuadorian women living in Portoviejo, Manabi province, Ecuador. Hands For Humanity collaborates with Ecuadorian teachers and business leaders to select high-achieving students with a financial need. Currently there are six young women completing their college education with the help of the scholarship. Due to rising tuition costs and extended academic program …

Feeding The Homeless Through Collaboration: A Proposal For Consideration, Valetta M. Johnson Massaquoi

Theses and Graduate Projects

The homeless are faced with many challenges of adverse nutritional deficiencies that predispose them to several illnesses commonly associated with the lack of adequate nutrition and the frequent utilizations of health care resources. Provision of nutritious food for the homeless can help decrease the prevalence of these identifiable markers and can be accomplished by u collaborative effort. The purpose of this project is to describe a collaboration between Regions Hospital and the Dorothy Day Center to provide supplemental nutrition for the homeless. Leininger's culture care diversity and universality theory along with culture care accommodation/negotiation are used as a theoretical framework …

2013 Intersession Catalog, Illinois Mathematics And Science Academy

Intersession Catalogs

No abstract provided.

Emotion Meaning-Making: Identity, Discourse And Social Interaction Among Arab Immigrant Healthcare Providers, Anne Katz

Wayne State University Dissertations

This dissertation sought to deepen understandings of emotion and its role in human personal and social life by exploring how a group of Arab immigrant health care providers, involved in the diagnosis and treatment of mental illness in one clinic in the United States, assign meaning to emotion. Affectively charged and fluid, often involving conditions of disruption and dislocation, the experience of migration offers a fertile place in which to examine the roles that social and interpretive practices play in constituting emotional experience. Due to increases in patterns of migration associated with globalization, mental health diagnoses are often arrived at …

Animal Health Effects Of The October 2013 Blizzard: Observations, Russ Daly, Ken Olson, Dave Ollila, Dennis Todey, Warren Rusche, Joseph Neary, Dale Miskimins, George Perry

Range Beef Cow Symposium

From Thursday, October 3, through Saturday, October 5, 2013, an unprecedented early season winter storm affected western South Dakota and portions of Wyoming, Montana, North Dakota, and Nebraska. This storm resulted in the deaths of an estimated 15,000 to 30,000 head of cattle, along with many sheep, horses, and other animals. The early occurrence of the storm as well as its severity contributed to direct losses of animals as well as subsequent health effects.

Free Trade And Free Immigration: Why Domestic Competitive Injury Should Never Influence Government Policy, Richard A. Epstein

Articles

No abstract provided.

Scientific Rationale For Study Design Of Community-Based Simplified Antibiotic Therapy Trials In Newborns And Young Infants With Clinically Diagnosed Severe Infections Or Fast Breathing In South Asia And Sub-Saharan Africa., Anita K. M. Zaidi, Abdullah H. Baqui, Shamim Ahmad Qazi, Rajiv Bahl, Samir Saha, Adejumoke I. Ayede, Ebunoluwa A. Adejuyigbe, Cyril Engmann, Fabian Esamai, Antoinette Kitoto Tshefu, Robinson D. Wammanda, Adegoke G. Falade, Adetanwa Odebiyi, Peter Gisore, Adrien Lokangaka Longombe, William N. Ogala, Shiyam Sundar Tikmani, A. S. M. Nawshad Uddin Ahmed, Steve Wall, Neal Brandes, Daniel E. Roth, Gary L. Darmstadt

Paediatrics and Child Health, East Africa

Background: Newborns and young infants suffer high rates of infections in South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. Timely access to appropriate antibiotic therapy is essential for reducing mortality. In an effort to develop community case management guidelines for young infants, 0–59 days old, with clinically diagnosed severe infections, or with fast breathing, 4 trials of simplified antibiotic therapy delivered in primary care clinics (Pakistan, Democratic Republic of Congo, Kenya and Nigeria) or at home (Bangladesh and Nigeria) are being conducted.

Methods: This article describes the scientific rationale for these trials, which share major elements of trial design. All the trials are …

Annual Report 2012-2013, Houston Academy Of Medicine-Texas Medical Center Library

Annual Reports: 1943 - Present

This file contains the Annual Report for the library from 2012-2013.

Sustainable Production Of Swine: Putting Lipstick On A Pig?, Michelle B. Nowlin

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

A Study To Evaluate The Acceptability, Feasibility And Impact Of Packaged Interventions (“Diarrhea Pack”) For Prevention And Treatment Of Childhood Diarrhea In Rural Pakistan, Atif Habib, Sajid Soofi, Kamran Sadiq, Tariq Samejo, Musawar Hussain, Mushtaq Mirani, Asmatullah Rehmatullah, Imran Ahmed, Zulfiqar A Bhutta

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

Background: Diarrhea remains one of the leading public health issues in developing countries and is a major contributor in morbidity and mortality in children under five years of age. Interventions such as ORS, Zinc, water purification and improved hygiene and sanitation can significantly reduce the diarrhea burden but their coverage remains low and has not been tested as packaged intervention before. This study attempts to evaluate the package of evidence based interventions in a “Diarrhea Pack” through first level health care providers at domiciliary level in community based settings. This study sought to evaluate the acceptability, feasibility and impact of …

Physiological Level Production Of Antigen-Specific Human Immunoglobulin In Cloned Transchromosomic Cattle, A. Sano, H. Matsushita, H. Wu, J. Jiao, P. Kasinathan, E. J. Sullivan, Z. Wang, Y. Kuroiwa

Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Science Faculty Publications

Therapeutic human polyclonal antibodies (hpAbs) derived from pooled plasma from human donors are Food and Drug Administration approved biologics used in the treatment of a variety of human diseases. Powered by the natural diversity of immune response, hpAbs are effective in treating diseases caused by complex or quickly-evolving antigens such as viruses. We previously showed that transchromosomic (Tc) cattle carrying a human artificial chromosome (HAC) comprising the entire unrearranged human immunoglobulin heavy-chain (hIGH) and kappa-chain (hIGK) germline loci (named as κHAC) are capable of producing functional hpAbs when both of the bovine immunoglobulin mu heavy-chains, bIGHM and bIGHML1, are homozygously …

Human Health And The Neolithic Revolution: An Overview Of Impacts Of The Agricultural Transition On Oral Health, Epidemiology, And The Human Body, Katherine J. Latham

Nebraska Anthropologist

The transition from a hunter-gatherer lifestyle to dependence on agricultural production is commonly considered one of the most important achievements of human history. This transition, often referred to as the Neolithic Revolution, ushered in a variety of changes in human dietary intake, food processing and procurement methods, settlement patterns, and physical activity. Skeletal analyses of human remains from early agricultural centers throughout the world indicate that this revolution significantly affected overall human health. This paper will address some of the drastic effects of this transition as evidenced by craniofacial changes related to masticatory function, declines in oral health, increased spread …

A Toolkit For Developing Bilingual Lexicons For International Hiv Prevention Clinical Trials, Catalina B. Ramirez, Natasha Mack, Barbara Friedland

HIV and AIDS

No standardized process exists for developing a set of agreed upon terms, definitions, and translations in local languages that ensures participants understand both technical and nontechnical terms used in a clinical trial context. HIV prevention trials deal with a disease that is stigmatized and with sexual behaviors that may not be openly discussed, thus care must be taken in the selection of words to ensure terms are appropriate for use in the context of a clinical trial and understandable but not offensive. The lack of a standardized process can make it difficult for researchers to decide which words to use, …

The New York City Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Portion Cap Rule: Lawfully Regulating Public Enemy Number One In The Obesity Epidemic Note, Kara Marcello

Connecticut Law Review

Faced with an obesity epidemic, on September 13, 2012, the New York City Board of Health became the first local administrative body to amend its health code to restrict the size of sugar-sweetened beverages sold in the food service establishments subject to its jurisdiction. A legal challenge led by the American Beverage Association quickly followed. In March 2013, the New York County Supreme Court struck down the portion cap rule. The challengers succeeded by arguing that the Board’s promulgation of the portion cap rule violated the separation of powers doctrine under the state constitution by usurping the power endowed to …

Simplified Regimens For Management Of Neonates And Young Infants With Severe Infection When Hospital Admission Is Not Possible, Antoinette Tshef, Adrien Lokangaka, Cyril Engmann, Fabian Esamai, Peter Gisore, Adejumoke Idowu Ayede, Adegoke Gbadegesin Falade, Ebunoluwa A. Adejuyigbe, Chineme Henry Anyabolu, Robinson D. Wammanda, William N. Ogala, Lu Gram, Simon Cousens, Rajiv Bahl, Nigel Rollins, Sachiyo Yoshida, Shamim Ahmad Qazi

Paediatrics and Child Health, East Africa

Background: In resource-limited settings, most young infants with signs of severe infection do not receive the recommended inpatient treatment with intravenous broad spectrum antibiotics for 10 days or more because such treatment is not accessible, acceptable or affordable to families. This trial was initiated in the Democratic Republic of Congo, Kenya and Nigeria to assess the safety and efficacy of simplified treatment regimens for the young infants with signs of severe infection who cannot receive hospital care.

Methods: This is a randomized, open-label equivalence trial in which 3600 young infants with signs of clinical severe infection will be enrolled. The …

Characterization Of A Novel Fusion Protein Of Ipab And Ipad Of Shigella And Its Potential As A Pan-Shigella Vaccine, F. J. Martinez-Becerra, X. Chen, Nicholas E. Dickenson, S. P. Choudhari, K. Harrison, J. D. Clements, W. D. Picking, L. L. Van De Verg, R. I. Walker, W. L. Picking

Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Publications

Shigellosis is an important disease in the developing world, where about 90 million people become infected with Shigella spp. each year. We previously demonstrated that the type three secretion apparatus (T3SA) proteins IpaB and IpaD are protective antigens in the mouse lethal pulmonary model. In order to simplify vaccine formulation and process development, we have evaluated a vaccine design that incorporates both of these previously tested Shigella antigens into a single polypeptide chain. To determine if this fusion protein (DB fusion) retains the antigenic and protective capacities of IpaB and IpaD, we immunized mice with the DB fusion and compared …

Cutting The Cord To Private Cord Blood Banking: Encouraging Compensation For Public Cord Blood Donations After Flynn V. Holder, Seema Mohapatra

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

A Rare Case Of Aeromonas Hydrophila Catheter Related Sepsis In A Patient With Chronic Kidney Disease Receiving Steroids And Dialysis: A Case Report And Review Of Aeromonas Infections In Chronic Kidney Disease Patients, Muhammad Abdul Mabood Khalil, Abdur Rehman, Waqar Uddin Kashif, Manickam Rangasami, Jackson Tan

Section of Nephrology

Aeromonas hydrophila (AH) is an aquatic bacterium. We present a case of fifty-five-year-old gentleman with chronic kidney disease (CKD) due to crescentic IgA nephropathy who presented to us with fever. He was recently pulsed with methyl prednisolone followed by oral prednisolone and discharged on maintenance dialysis through a double lumen dialysis catheter. Blood culture from peripheral vein and double lumen dialysis catheter grew AH. We speculate low immunity due to steroids and uremia along with touch contamination of dialysis catheter by the patient or dialysis nurse could have led to this rare infection. Dialysis catheter related infection by AH is …

Medicine@Yale May/June 2013 Volume 9, Issue 2, Yale School Of Medicine Office Of Communications

Medicine@Yale - development newsletter

Medicine@Yale : advancing biomedical science, education and health care was a print and online newsletter which published news about academics, research and philanthropy for alumni, donors, faculty, students and the general public. It was initially published 6 times a year and then changed to a quarterly schedule. The first issue came out June/Jul. 2005. The final issue was published in May/June 2022, vol. 17, issue 1. Published by Yale School of Medicine, Office of Communications.

Medicine@Yale November 2013 Volume 9, Issue 4, Yale School Of Medicine Office Of Communications

Medicine@Yale - development newsletter

Medicine@Yale : advancing biomedical science, education and health care was a print and online newsletter which published news about academics, research and philanthropy for alumni, donors, faculty, students and the general public. It was initially published 6 times a year and then changed to a quarterly schedule. The first issue came out June/Jul. 2005. The final issue was published in May/June 2022, vol. 17, issue 1. Published by Yale School of Medicine, Office of Communications.

Population Vulnerability To Biannual Cholera Outbreaks And Associated Macro-Scale Drivers In The Bengal Delta, Ali Shafqat Akanda, Antarpreet S. Jutla, David M. Gute, R. Bradley Sack, Munirul Alam, Anwar Huq, Rita R. Colwell, Shafiqul Islam

Civil & Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

The highly populated floodplains of the Bengal Delta have a long history of endemic and epidemic cholera outbreaks, both coastal and inland. Previous studies have not addressed the spatio-temporal dynamics of population vulnerability related to the influence of underlying large-scale processes. We analyzed spatial and temporal variability of cholera incidence across six surveillance sites in the Bengal Delta and their association with regional hydroclimatic and environmental drivers. More specifically, we use salinity and flood inundation modeling across the vulnerable districts of Bangladesh to test earlier proposed hypotheses on the role of these environmental variables. Our results show strong influence of …

Clostridium Difficile Infections In Tennessee Hospitals 2002-2011, Tennessee. Department Of Health

Clostridium Difficile Infections in Tennessee

No abstract provided.

Public-Private Regime Interactions In Global Food Safety Governance, Ching-Fu Lin

Comparative Research in Law & Political Economy

In response to an apparent decline in global food safety, numerous public and private regulatory initiatives have emerged to restore public confidence. This trend has been particularly marked by the growing influence of private regulators such as multinational food companies, supermarket chains and non-governmental organizations (NGOs), who employ private standards, certification protocols, third-party auditing, and transnational contracting practices. This paper explores how the structure and processes of private food safety governance interact with traditional public governance regimes, focusing on Global Good Agricultural Practices (GlobalGAP) as a primary example of the former. Due to the inefficiency and ineffectiveness of public regulation …

Expression Of M. Tuberculosis-Induced Suppressor Of Cytokine Signaling (Socs) 1, Socs3, Foxp3 And Secretion Of Il-6 Associates With Differing Clinical Severity Of Tuberculosis, Kiran I. Masood, Martin E. Rottenberg, Naseem Salahuddin, Muhammad Irfan, Nisar Rao, Berit Carow, Muniba Islam, Rabia Hussain, Zahra Hasan

Section of Pulmonary & Critical Care

Background

Appropriate immune activation of T cells and macrophages is central for the control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections. IFN-γ stimulated responses are lowered in tuberculosis (TB), while expression of Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling (SOCS) molecules – 1 and 3 and CD4⁺CD25⁺FoxP3⁺T regulatory cells is increased. Here we investigated the association of these molecules in regard to clinical severity of TB.

Methods

Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from patients with pulmonary TB (PTB, n = 33), extra-pulmonary TB (ETB, n = 33) and healthy endemic controls (EC, n = 15). Cases were classified …

Osteopathic Medical Student Knowledge Of And Attitudes Toward Chronic Pain, Amelia Grace Gradwell

PCOM Psychology Dissertations

Chronic pain is a prevalent presenting problem for patients in medical settings, yet how physician knowledge and attitudes about those with chronic pain may influence the treatment of this condition is not fully understood. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the knowledge and attitudes of osteopathic medical students about pain management, with particular emphasis on chronic pain, in an effort to address the lack of chronic pain research currently available. A review of current literature, including an overview of chronic pain, is included. This study used original data, collected from first and fourth year D.O. students at a …