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Application Of Silver Nanoparticles In Drinking Water Purification, Hongyin Zhang

Open Access Dissertations

Nanotechnology is an emerging and fast-growing technology. Currently, there are more than 1,317 nanotechnology-based products on the market. Silver nanoparticles account for more than 23% of all nano-products. The extensive application of the silver nanoparticle (AgNP) results in their inevitable release into the environment. Silver nanoparticles are known as excellent antimicrobial agents, and therefore they could be used as alternative disinfectant agents. On the other hand, released silver nanoparticles could pose a threat to naturally occurring microorganisms.

In Chapter 1, we introduce the background information on the environmental fate, toxicological effects, and application of AgNP and review the current knowledge …

The Impact Of Predator-Prey Relationships On The Formation Of Harmful Algal Blooms In Heterosigma Akashiwo, Elizabeth L. Harvey

Open Access Dissertations

Heterotrophic protists are the primary grazers of phytoplankton in the marine environment, and changes in the rates of consumption will influence phytoplankton abundance, community composition, and ecological function. The objective of this research was to investigate the influence of predators on the formation and promotion of harmful algal blooms (HABs), specifically blooms of the toxic raphidophyte alga, Heterosigma akashiwo. To observe microscopic predator-prey interactions and their macroscopic distributions, video and image analysis were used to simultaneously quantify population distributions and individual 3D movements of both protistan predators and prey cells in laboratory tanks with realistic salinity structures. In behavioral experiments, …

Debt And Discipline: Neoliberal Political Economy And The Working Classes, Tayyab Mahmud

Faculty Articles

Over the last three decades, neoliberal restructuring of the economy created a symbiosis of debt and discipline. New legal regimes and strategic use of monetary policy displaced Keynesian welfare, facilitated financialization of the economy, broke the power of organized labor, and expanded debt to sustain aggregate demand. Public laws and policies created a field of possibility within which financial markets extended their reach and brought ever-increasing sections of the working classes and the marginalized within the ambit of the credit economy. Reordered public policies and new norms of personal responsibility demarcated the horizon within which the economically vulnerable pursued strategies …

Motivation Towards Learning Perceived In Socratic Seminar Versus Traditional Lecture, Benjamin N. Roberson

Theses and Dissertations

As discussed in past literature, high school students often lack motivation towards learning (Crow, 2007; Lumsden, 1995). This lack of motivation interferes with student learning (Lumsden,1995; Vansteenkiste, Simons, Lens, Soenens, & Matos, 2005). At the middle school and collegiate level, Socratic Seminar is seen to provide motivation towards learning in students (Copeland, 2005; Mee, 2000; Strong, 1996); however, there is a need for research on student motivation as a result of Socratic Seminar at the high school level. The purpose of this study is to identify the extent to which, if any, differences exist in student motivation towards learning among …

In Search Of A Practice: Large-Scale Moderation In A Massive Online Community, Sheila Saden Pisa

Theses and Dissertations

People are increasingly looking to online social communities as ways of communicating. However, even as participation in social networking is increasing, online communities often fail to coalesce. Noted success factors for online communities are linked to the community's purpose and culture. They are also related to structures that allow for increased volume of exchange and quality of conversation. Ravelry.com provides a case of a successful, large-scale, online community that has information exchange and conversation as its foci. These activities are supported through the work of thousands of volunteer moderators who sometimes manage groups with more than 3 million members. However, …

Green Harms Of Green Projects, John Copeland Nagle

Journal Articles

This article describes the recent development of renewable energy to examine environmental law’s three contrasting approaches to the green harms of green projects. Sometimes the law allows the green benefit regardless of the green harm. Sometimes the law prohibits the green harm regardless of the green benefit. And sometimes the law allows a balancing of all of the harms and benefits, green or not. Given these options, I argue that the law should not ignore or understate green harms even if they are caused by green projects. There are some types of green harms that no benefit can justify. But …

Striking A Balance: The New Generation Of Tiger Tourism In India, Apoorva Prasanna Joshi

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

In rural central India, thousands of domestic and foreign tourists flock to see wild Bengal tigers each year. An international debate about whether tourism is good or bad for tigers was heard by India’s Supreme Court in 2012. After new guidelines were implemented, tiger reserves across the country had to review and manage their tourism policies. Set 550 miles east of the city of Mumbai, the Tadoba-Andhari tiger reserve is on the cusp of ‘tiger tourism’. The reserve’s eco-tourism policy was recently extended by using it as precedence for other protected areas in the state of Maharashtra. A cap on …

Surviving Probation: The Challenges Sexual Offenders Are Faced With In Mainstream Society, Krystal Stevenson

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

"Society sees us [sexual offenders] as terrible people. Either lock us up or kill us. They don't want us in their community." Sexual offenders are seen as some of the most repulsive criminals through society's eyes. The term "sexual offender" encompasses many different types of people with regards to their crime, but society sees all sexual offenders as child molesters. This causes an over-whelming problem for sexual offenders, specifically in terms of housing, since there are many restrictions on where they can live. Legislation is implementing housing restrictions to prevent these criminals from re-offending, but in some cases, it can …

Avian Scavenging, Mummification, And Variable Micro-Environments As Factors Affecting The Decomposition Process In Western Montana, Teresa Ann White

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

The purpose of this research study was to empirically study the temporal order of events of postmortem changes in Missoula, Montana utilizing pig (Sus scrofa) cadavers as human proxies by documenting postmortem changes and rate of soft tissue decomposition of three pigs over the course of one year and 19 days. The data from this study will be compared and contrasted to studies that have occurred elsewhere. A full understanding of the postmortem changes and rate of soft tissue decomposition in this area will help forensic anthropologists better understand why the postmortem interval (PMI) may be different in western Montana …

A Comprehensive Research Framework For Geographic Parthenogenesis In Whiptail Lizards (Genus Aspidoscelis), Adam Leland

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

One of the most compelling topics in biology has been the ubiquity of sexual reproduction in living organisms. Because the ecological and evolutionary advantages of sex are well founded, those organisms that reproduce asexually remain enigmatic. Parthenogenesis, the clonal reproduction of an all-female species without the need for males, is a relatively common form of asexual reproduction in vertebrates, and has been subject of numerous academic investigations. Many parthenogenic organisms also share aspects of their geographic distributions, such as inhabiting higher latitudes, higher altitudes, islands or island-like habitats, xeric environments, and marginal, disturbed or ecotonal habitats relative to their sexual …

Fixing Copyright In Three Impossible Steps: Review Of How To Fix Copyright By William Patry, Mark P. Mckenna

Journal Articles

This review of William Patry’s How to Fix Copyright highlights three of Patry's themes. First is Patry’s insistence that copyright policy be based on real-world evidence, a suggestion that should be uncontroversial but instead runs headlong into the near-religious commitments of copyright stakeholders. Second is Patry’s emphasis on the difference between the interests of creators, on the one hand, and owners of copyright interests, on the other. Third, and finally, is Patry’s focus on the copyright system’s strong tendency to entrench business models and resist change, particularly in the face of new technology.

Comparison Of Wild-Domestic Sheep Interaction Policies In Bighorn Disease Outbreak Locations In The Continental U.S., 1990-2010, Tristan Howard

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

For over 100 years, disease has significantly limited bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) in the western U.S. Interaction with domestic sheep (Ovis aries) has been a primary cause of fatal bighorn disease (typically pneumonia), which has severely reduced or eliminated entire populations. Various wild-domestic sheep interaction policies exist to address the disease problem. In this analysis, six case study locations are compared and analyzed in an effort to evaluate policy efficacy. Locations examined and their bighorn die-off dates include: the Tobin Range, NV (1991); Aldrich Mountain, OR (1991); the Highland/Pioneer Mountains, MT (1994-1995); the Tarryall/Kenosha Mountains, CO (1997-2000); the Hays Canyon …

The South Texas Drought And The Future Of Groundwater Use For Hydraulic Fracturing In The Eagle Ford Shale., Taelor A. Allen

St. Mary's Law Journal

Texas has undergone a succession of historic droughts, each one creating unique problems and controversies. The state is also one of the largest national producers of oil and gas with the Eagle Ford Shale fields contributing to the production boom. The technique used to extract the oil is called hydraulic fracturing, which requires large volumes of water to be injected at high pressures to “frac” and release gas from an underground formation. The amount of water required places even greater strain on the regional water supply. This Comment highlights legal issues raised by the high volumes of groundwater used for …

Landscape Fairness: Removing Discrimination From The Built Environment, Stephen Clowney

Utah Law Review

At its core, this Article argues that the everyday landscape is one of the most overlooked instruments of modern race-making. Drawing on evidence from geography and sociology, the paper begins by demonstrating that the built environment inscribes selective and misleading versions of the past in solid, material forms. These narratives — told through street renamings, parks, monuments, and buildings — ultimately marginalize African-American communities and transmit ideas about racial power across generations.

After demonstrating that the landscape remains the agar upon which racial hierarchies replicate themselves, the Article then pivots and examines current efforts to rid the built environment of …

Nfib V. Sebelius: Proportionality In The Exercise Of Congressional Power, David Orentlicher

Utah Law Review

With its opinion on the constitutionality of the Affordable Care Act (ACA), the U.S. Supreme Court sparked much discussion regarding the implications of the case for other federal statutes. In particular, scholars have debated the significance of the Court’s recognition of an anticoercion limit to the Spending Clause power. When it recognized an anticoercion limit for the ACA’s Medicaid expansion, the Court left considerable uncertainty as to the parameters of that limit. This essay sketches out one valuable and very plausible interpretation of the Court’s new anticoercion principle. It also indicates how this new principle can address a long-standing problem …

A Right To Contribution And Federal Restitution Orders, Jonathan R. Hornok

Utah Law Review

Amy and Vicky are victims of two of the most widely traded series of child sex-abuse images. The Violence Against Women Act requires courts to order full restitution for these women. However, with millions of dollars in requested restitution and thousands of defendants, the United States courts of appeals are split over whether to interpret the mandatory restitution provision broadly (providing a victim with comprehensive recovery from each defendant) or narrowly (frequently allowing only limited, expensive, and time-consuming recovery from many defendants). Partially motivating this circuit split are courts’ opposing views on whether a defendant has a right to contribution …

Qualified Conservation Restrictions: Recollections Of And Reflections On The Origins Of Section 170(H), Theodore S. Sims

Utah Law Review

It has been over thirty years since Congress added to the Internal Revenue Code section 170(h), which allows a deduction for contributions to charity of “qualified conservation restrictions,” commonly known as “conservation ease- ments”. That provision was adopted over the objections of the Treasury, who had expressed reservations of both a conceptual and practical nature about the legislation, which the Treasury viewed as more than ordinarily vulnerable to abuse. I was invited to participate in this symposium, not because I have any expertise in working with these restrictions—I don’t—but to provide some perspective on what might have motivated the Treasury …

Ppl Montana: The Supreme Court’S Modern Day City Slicker Approach For Determining The Navigability For Title Test, Landon Newell

Utah Law Review

The river thunders in perpetual roar, swelling in floods of music when the storm gods play upon the rocks and fading away in soft and low murmurs when the infinite blue of heaven is unveiled. With the melody of the great tide rising and falling, swelling and vanishing forever, other melodies are heard in the gorges of the lateral canyons, while the waters plunge in the rapids among the rocks or leap in great cataracts.

Transracial Adoption In The United States: The Reflection And Reinforcement Of Racial Hierarchy, David Ray Papke

Utah Law Review

Individual whites who adopt children of another race admittedly have a range of motivations, and many manage to transcend racism in their adoptions and their subsequent family lives. However, transracial adoption as a socio-legal phenomenon remains racialized. Participants have preferences and standing related to their races, and transracial adoption reflects and reinforces the nation’s dominant racial hierarchy. In the area of transracial adoption and in the society as a whole, a “post-racial” era has not dawned, even with the election of a President who was in part raised abroad and understands himself as a man of color. In the contemporary …

The Public Trust In Wildlife, Michael C. Blumm

Utah Law Review

The public trust doctrine, derived from ancient property principles, is thought to mostly apply to navigable waters and related land resources. The doctrine supplies a mediating force to claims of both private ownership and unfettered government discretion over these resources, vesting the state with trust responsibility to ensure that the use of these resources promotes long-term sustainability. A related doctrine—sovereign ownership of wildlife—is also an ancient public property doctrine inherited from England. State ownership of wildlife has long defeated private ownership claims and enabled states to enact and implement wildlife conservation regulations. This Article claims that these two doctrines should …

An Assessment Of Current Methodologies For Mitigating The Potential Effects Of Anthropogenic Underwater Sound On Marine Life, And Recommendations For Best Practice, Ross Craig Compton

School of Biological and Marine Sciences Theses

Underwater sound from anthropogenic sources such as seismic surveys, marine renewable device installations and naval exercises has the potential to disturb and cause injury to a variety of marine species. There is particular concern for the potential effects upon marine mammals, which utilise sound to communicate, hunt and navigate. Observed effects include behavioural changes and reduced sighting rates, with unknown consequences for individuals or populations over time. Potential effects on marine mammals include sound induced damage to auditory systems, altered diving behaviour potentially resulting in decompression sickness, stranding and death. The aim of the thesis was to develop a framework …

Inclusion Of Lupin Meal And Effect Of A Commercial Feed Supplement (Synergen™) In Diets For Carp, Cyprinus Carpio, Ayub Anwar

School of Biological and Marine Sciences Theses

Abstract Plant proteins are mainly used to formulate diets for carp. Soybean meal (SBM) is one of the most nutritious of all plant protein sources in carp feeds. However, an increase in the use of soybean meal for human consumption and animal feed in both developed and developing countries has resulted in an increase market price of soybean meal globally. Therefore, using other inexpensive plant protein sources in carp feeds would be beneficial to reduce feed cost and contribute to food security as well as to sustain aquaculture production. Anti-nutritional factors (ANFs) are believed to be the most important factors …

The Effects Of Environmental Conditions On Quorum Sensing And Community Interactions In Coral-Associated Bacteria, Emma Ransome

School of Biological and Marine Sciences Theses

The coral holobiont contains diverse communities of bacteria that play a role in the maintenance of coral ecosystems, however little is known about the structure and conservation of the host-bacterial relationship. Declines in coral ecosystems have been partly attributed to outbreaks of disease in tropical and sub-tropical regions, which have been linked to increasing temperatures. Bacteria are thought to play a role in some of these diseases, however little is understood about the mechanisms behind disease progression or the series of events involved in the shifts of coral-associated bacteria from conserved, potentially beneficial communities to those including potential pathogens. Investigations …

An Ecotoxicological Assessment Of The Impacts Of Chronic Exposure To Metals And Radionuclides On Marine Mussels: Relating Genotoxicity To Molecular And Organism-Level Effects, Lorna Jane Dallas

School of Biological and Marine Sciences Theses

Metals and radionuclides are environmentally relevant contaminants, yet their potential impacts on marine organisms have not been adequately evaluated. This is especially true for exposures of longer duration and/or lower contaminant concentration (i.e. chronic) which are often more representative of real world scenarios. In this context, a suite of biomarkers at different levels of biological organisation were investigated in an ecologically relevant bivalve species, Mytilus galloprovin- cialis after exposure to nickel (a metal), zinc pyrithione (an organometal) and tritiated water (a radionuclide). These contaminants were chosen based on their differing properties, and hence, mechanisms of action. All three contaminants produced …

Signalling And Behaviour Of Globodera Pallida In The Rhizosphere Of The Trap Crop Solanum Sisymbriifolium, Ayano Sasaki-Crawley

School of Biological and Marine Sciences Theses

Potato cyst nematodes (PCN), Globodera rostochiensis and G. pallida, are economically important pests of potato (Solanum tuberosum) crops in potato growing regions worldwide. Integrated management is under threat, with effective nematicides increasingly being withdrawn on environmental and health grounds. Alternative strategies are urgently needed and trap cropping could be one of them. The non-tuber-bearing Solanum sisymbriifolium is regarded as an effective trap crop for PCN with strong hatching ability and immunity to PCN infection and has been used in the UK and The Netherlands. However, its mode of action is unknown. In order to shed light on the mode of …

Behavioural Analysis Of Marine Predator Movements In Relation To Heterogeneous Environments, Nicolas Edmund Humphries

School of Biological and Marine Sciences Theses

An understanding of the spatio-temporal dynamics of marine predator populations is essential for the sustainable management of marine resources. Tagging studies are providing ever more information about the movements and migrations of marine predators and much has been learned about where these predators spend their time. However little is known about their underlying motivations, making it difficult to make predictions about how apex predators will respond to changing environments. While much progress has been made in behavioural ecology through the use of optimality models, in the marine environment the necessary costs and benefits are difficult to quantify making this approach …

Integrated Curriculum In The Elementary Classroom, Katherine Decker Simpson

Graduate Research Papers

Integrated curriculum can be broadly defined as using a theme to connect standards and objectives from multiple subject areas in a meaningful way to create relevant, student-centered learning tasks that promote social growth and deep comprehension. This type of instruction can promote higher-order thinking skills, cooperative learning, motivate students to engage in their own learning, and many other "intangibles".

The purpose of this project was to create an integrated unit for a first-grade classroom. The outcome will be an actual unit that can be used as a guide for teachers. However, another purpose of the project was to grasp the …

Tragulidae (Artiodactyla, Ruminantia) From The Middle Miocene Chinji Formation Of Pakistan, Muhammad Akbar Khan, Muhammad Akhtar

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

The fossil record of the Siwalik tragulids remains poorly documented. The study of the tragulid material from the Chinji Formation allows the identification of 3 species: Dorcatherium minus, Dorcatherium majus and Dorcabune anthracotherioides. The tragulid assemblage is quite rich and Dorcatherium is the predominant taxon in the Chinji Formation of Pakistan. The fossils from the Chinji Formation of the Chakwal district, northern Pakistan, may document the first appearance of the 3 tragulid species in the Lower Siwaliks. The selenodonty and palaeoecology of the Siwalik tragulids are also discussed.

Impact Of Pb-Zn Mining Activity On Surficial Sediments Of Lake Kalimanci(Fyr Macedonia), Petra Vrhovnik, Nastja Rogan Smuc, Tadej Dolenec, Todor Serafimovski, Matej Dolenec

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

The activities of the Sasa mine have led to industrial discharge being released into Lake Kalimanci since the beginning of mining activity in 1954. For this reason, an ecological risk assessment is urgently required. In the present study, surficial lake sediments were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), with all geochemistry data processed using Statistica 8. In order to assess the environmental pollution status, 2 environmental factors were established, while for the determination of chemical fractionation of toxic metals a sequential extraction procedure was carried out. Concentrations of As, Mo, Zn, Ni, Co, Pb, Cd, and Cu in …

Cytokeratin 18 And H-Fabp Levels In Intestinal Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury: Role Of Coenzyme Q10, Muaz Belvi̇ranli, Ni̇lsel Okudan, Hakki Gökbel, Aysel Kiyici, Mehmet Öz, Ayşe Kumak

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

The objective of this study was to investigate whether coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) supplementation affects M30 and heart-type fatty acid binding protein (h-FABP) levels in intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury-induced rats. Materials and methods: Thirty-two male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups. 1) Sham: Animals exposed to laparotomy without clamping the superior mesenteric artery (SMA); 2) ischemia-reperfusion (IR): rats exposed to laparotomy with occlusion of the SMA for 45 min, followed by 120 min of reperfusion period; 3) CoQ10 plus sham: 10 mg kg body weight^{-1} CoQ10 was administrated via intraperitoneal injection for 20 days, and thereafter animals were exposed to …