Digital Commons Network^™

Power Girls Before Girl Power: 1980s Toy-Based Girl Cartoons, Katia Perea

Publications and Research

The socio/cultural history and partnership of toy advertisement and children’s television is rich and well documented (Schneider 1989, Kunkel 1988, Seiter 1993). In this article I discuss the influence of policy in girl’s cartoon programming as well as the relationship between commercialization and financial motivation in creating a girl cartoon media product. I then discuss the formulaic, gender normative parameters this new genre set in place to identify girl cartoons as well as girl media consumption and how within those parameters girl cartoon characters were able to represent an empowered girl popular culture product a decade before the nomenclature Girl …

Protecting The Right Of Citizens To Aggregate Small Claims Against Businesses, Paul D. Carrington

University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform

Two years ago I ranted against the Supreme Court's subversion of the Rules Enabling Act and its opposition to the benign aims of the twentieth-century progressive law reformers expressed summarily in Rule 1 of our Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. I observed then that the majority of the Justices of the Supreme Court appeared to have joined the Chamber of Commerce, aligning themselves also with Vice President Dan Quayle's 1989 Council on Competitiveness that denounced effective civil procedure as an enemy of economic development. I was then commenting adversely on what the Court had done to transform Rule 8. I …

Placing My Bets On Youtube Futures (For New Media Writing And Publishing), Alexandra Juhasz

Publications and Research

The work of media scholar, artist, and activist Alexandra Juhasz directly addresses many of the concerns that Lovink and Rossiter raise in the previous two chapters. In this chapter, Juhasz repurposes blog posts about her undergraduate media studies course and “video-book” Learning from YouTube to consider the future of new media scholarship: how academics might write and publish about and in new media. By moving her writing from screen to page, the chapter itself enacts the concerns of circulation, vernacular, standards, and publication at the heart of new media studies projects and the work of writing about them. Juhasz demonstrates …

Youtube Stylo: Writing And Teaching With Digital Video, Alexandra Juhasz

Publications and Research

The impact of YouTube on media production and distribution has been breakneck, immense, and seemingly irreversible. In this chapter I argue that media production professors need to embrace, and not to avoid YouTube, as if it was what the French calla stylo: a pen. To do so, we need to better understand YouTube and YouTube videos. I impart here some of the lessons I have learned from teaching an experimental course. Learning from YouTube, in which all the course work has been about, but also on, the site. These lessons illustrate the genres, contents, and styles of …

Some Very Personal Reflections On The Rules, Rulemaking, And Reporters, Arthur R. Miller

University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform

My entry into the world of federal rulemaking was one of those unpredictable but welcome fortuities of life. In early 1961, more than a half century ago, I was a happy and progressing associate in a prominent medium-sized, Wall Street, New York City law firm. Columbia Law School approached me to be the Associate Director of its newly formed Project on International Procedure. They dangled several attractive incentives: I could try my hand at teaching some civil procedure; hobnob with the giants of the Columbia faculty, like Herb Wechsler, Walter Gellhorn, Maury Rosenberg, and Jack Weinstein; and take my first …

Property Rights And Modern Energy, Troy A. Rule

Faculty Publications

This short article, written for a joint program of the Natural Resources and Energy Law and Property Law Sections of the American Association of Law Schools at the Association’s 2013 Annual Meeting, offers some general guidelines for adjusting property rights regimes to accommodate new energy innovations. This article suggests that, when feasible, policy actions that merely clarify ambiguities in existing law are often the simplest and most cost-effective way to respond when important technological advancements place pressure on longstanding property structures. When such policies are inadequate or unavailable, the most equitable and efficient adjustments to property arrangements tend to be …

Wolf Creek Ranch Aspen Monitoring Report, Paul C. Rogers, Allison Jones, James Catlin, James Shuler, Arthur Morris, Michael Kuhns

Aspen Bibliography

In the summer of 2012 we undertook a landscape assessment of aspen forest conditions at Wolf Creek Ranch (WCR) near Kamas, Utah. Using a geographic information system (GIS) coverage of predicted aspen coverage, fifty systematically selected field "plots" were located and mapped with aspen stands around WCR. Seven plots were eventually discarded from our survey due to lack of aspen cover. Volunteer field crews, mostly WCR homeowners, collected aspen data documenting tree sizes, height/age groups, diameters, reproduction, mortality, browse levels, and browse animal use levels.

Theorizing Forms For Social Enterprise, Dana Brakman Reiser

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Constitutional Conundrums In Arbitration, S. I. Strong

Cardozo Journal of Conflict Resolution

In the immortal words of Grease, some things "go together, like rama-lama-lama, ka-dinga-da-dinga-dong." Though everyone has their own list of favorite pairings, some sure-fire winners are hot dogs and baseball, Mom and apple pie, Justice Scalia and original intent.

Other combinations are not so easy to anticipate, at least until some far-reaching visionary has taken that all-important first step, leading the rest of the world to say "yes, of course, we see it now." Again, individual preferences vary, but some possible unions include surfing and kite flying (now an Olympic sport), bacon and chocolate (now available at an internet …

Corrosivity And Leaching Behavior Of Controlled Low-Strength Material (Clsm) Made Using Bottom Ash And Quarry Dust, S. Naganathan, H.A. Razak, S.N.A. Hamid

Research Publications (2011 to 2015)

This paper reports the corrosivity and leaching behavior of CLSM made using two different industrial wastes i.e. bottom ash from an incineration facility and quarry dust. The leachate samples were derived from fresh and hardened CLSM mixtures, and studied for leaching and electrical resistivity. The release of various contaminants and the consequent environmental impact caused by the contaminants were studied by the measurement of contaminants in the bleed, in the leachate at 28 days, and on the leachate derived from crushed block and whole block leaching done over a period of 126 days. Results indicated that the CLSM mixtures are …

Critical Considerations For Fast And Accurate Regiospecific Analysis Of Triacylglycerols Using Quantitative ¹³C Nmr, C.H. Chuah, S.W. Gouk, S.F. Cheng, M. Malon, A.S.H. Ong

Research Publications (2011 to 2015)

Quantitative ¹³C NMR (qCNMR) has been used as an appealing methodology for regiospecific analysis of triacylglycerols in edible oils and fats. It has advantages of shorter analysis time, precision and accuracy over laborious conventional Grignard or enzymatic hydrolysis method. Previous reported studies have recommended diversified NMR acquisition and processing parameters for the same quantification work. Different quantitative data were obtained by using a distinct sets of NMR parameters. To overcome this problem, we conducted a systematic investigation to examine the role of each acquisition and processing parameters to obtain high accuracy and repeatability data. Principal acquisition parameters, for instance pulse …

Dna Typing Of Calliphorids Collected From Human Corpses In Malaysia, R. Kavitha, T.C. Tan, H.L. Lee, W.A. Nazni, Mohd Sofian-Azirun

Research Publications (2011 to 2015)

Estimation of post-mortem interval (PMI) is crucial for time of death determination. The advent of DNA-based identification techniques forensic entomology saw the beginning of a proliferation of molecular studies into forensically important Calliphoridae (Diptera). The use of DNA to characterise morphologically indistinguishable immature calliphorids was recognised as a valuable molecular tool with enormous practical utility. The local entomofauna in most cases is important for the examination of entomological evidences. The survey of the local entomofauna has become a fundamental first step in forensic entomological studies, because different geographical distributions, seasonal and environmental factors may influence the decomposition process and the …

Effect Of Gelam Honey On The Oxidative Stress-Induced Signaling Pathways In Pancreatic Hamster Cells, I.S. Ismail, K. Batumalaie, S.Z. Safi, K. Mohd Yusof, S.D. Sekaran, R. Qvist

Research Publications (2011 to 2015)

Oxidative stress induced by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species is critically involved in the impairment of

Effects Of The Phytoestrogen Genistein On The Development Of The Reproductive System Of Sprague Dawley Rats, S.R.M. Zin, S.Z. Omar, N.L.A. Khan, N.I. Musameh, S. Das, N.M. Kassim

Research Publications (2011 to 2015)

OBJECTIVES: Genistein is known to influence reproductive system development through its binding affinity for estrogen receptors. The present study aimed to further explore the effect of Genistein on the development of the reproductive system of experimental rats. METHODS: Eighteen post-weaning female Sprague Dawley rats were divided into the following groups: (i) a control group that received vehicle (distilled water and Tween 80); (ii) a group treated with 10 mg/kg body weight (BW) of Genistein (Gen 10); and (iii) a group treated with a higher dose of Genistein (Gen 100). The rats were treated daily for three weeks from postnatal day …

Evaluation Of Copper Concentration In Subclinical Cases Of White Muscle Disease And Its Relationship With Cardiac Troponin I, F. Ataollahi, M. Mohri, H.A. Seifi, Belinda Pingguan-Murphy, Wan Abu Bakar Wan Abas, Noor Azuan Abu Osman

Research Publications (2011 to 2015)

The present study aims to evaluate the serum level of copper (Cu) in lambs suffering from subclinical forms of white muscle disease (WMD) and its relationship with cardiac troponin I (cTn-I) as a novel biomarker of cardiovascular disorders. Ten milliliters of jugular blood were taken from 200 lambs less than one year old to measure serum concentrations of Cu, selenium (Se), and cTn-I. The subjects were divided into 2 groups, namely, the deficient group which included 36 lambs, and the control group which included 164 lambs according to the reference serum Se concentration (50 ng/mL). Serum Se levels in the …

Fitting Multiphasic Logistic Functions To The Lactation Curves Of Gir X Friesian Crossbred Dairy Cattle In Malaysia, A.M. Majid, A.A. Shariff, A.F. Merican, Y.B. Bong

Research Publications (2011 to 2015)

The data used in this study consisted of milk yield (kg) taken at approximately fortnightly intervals from Gir x Friesian crossbred dairy cattle raised at Institut Haiwan Kluang, Malaysia. The data were first edited, smoothed and then fitted with mono-, di- and triphasic logistic functions. In general, parameter estimates for the first lactation were reasonable. However, for the second lactation the estimates were erratic and unreasonable because this was an atypical lactation for which the multiphasic functions were obviously unsuitable. Residual mean squares for the di- and triphasic functions of the first lactation were very similar (0.0002 and 0.0004, respectively) …

Foraging Behaviour Of Five Egret Species In Pome Pond Area At Carey Island, Peninsular Malaysia, A.B.H. Aboushiba, R. Ramli, Mohd Sofian-Azirun

Research Publications (2011 to 2015)

The foraging behaviour of five egret species in four POME ponds at Carey Island, Peninsular Malaysia was observed using 10 x 42 binoculars and digital video camera. The highest probing activity was recorded during 0900 to 1000hrs in Little Egret (Egretta garzetta; i.e. 52 probes/minute) followed by Cattle Egret (Bubulcus cormorandus; i.e. 42 probes/minute), Intermediate Egret (Mesophoyx intermedia; i.e. 20 probes/minute), Chinese Egret (Egretta eulophotes; i.e. 19 probes/minute) and Great Egret (Casmerodius albus; i.e. 5 probes/minute). In contrast, the lowest mean probing activity was recorded in Great Egret (0.4 probe/minute) as compared to Chinese Egret (1 probe/minute), Cattle Egret (2 …

Gastroprotection Studies Of Schiff Base Zinc (Ii) Derivative Complex Against Acute Superficial Hemorrhagic Mucosal Lesions In Rats, S. Golbabapour, N.S. Gwaram, P. Hassandarvish, M. Hajrezaie, B. Kamalidehghan, M.A. Abdulla, H.M. Ali, A.H.A. Hadi, N.A. Majid

Research Publications (2011 to 2015)

Background: The study was carried out to assess the gastroprotective effect of the zinc (II) complex against ethanol-induced acute hemorrhagic lesions in rats. Methodology/Principal Finding: The animals received their respective pre-treatments dissolved in tween 20 (5% v/v), orally. Ethanol (95% v/v) was orally administrated to induce superficial hemorrhagic mucosal lesions. Omeprazole (5.79061025 M/kg) was used as a reference medicine. The pre-treatment with the zinc (II) complex (2.18161025 and 4.36261025 M/kg) protected the gastric mucosa similar to the reference control. They significantly increased the activity levels of nitric oxide, catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione and prostaglandin E2, and decreased the level of …

Gene Expression Profiling Reveals Underlying Molecular Mechanism Of Hepatoprotective Effect Of Phyllanthus Niruri On Thioacetamide-Induced Hepatotoxicity In Sprague Dawley Rats, Z.A. Amin, M.A. Alshawsh, M. Kassim, Mahmood Ameen Abdulla, H.M. Ali

Research Publications (2011 to 2015)

Background: The liver plays an essential role in the body by regulating several important metabolic functions. Liver injury is associated with the distortion of these functions causing many health problems. Pharmaceutical drugs treat liver disorders but cause further damage to it. Hence, herbal drugs are used worldwide and are becoming increasingly popular. Methods: The hepatoprotective activity of Phyllanthus niruri (PN) was evaluated against liver cirrhosis induced by thioacetamide (TAA) in male Sprague Dawley rats. Rats received intraperitoneal injections of thioacetamide (TAA, 200 mg/kg, b.w. three times weekly) for eight weeks. Daily treatments with plant extract (200 mg/kg) were administered orally …

Mandibular Third Molar And Angle Of Mandible Fractures: An Unsolved Clinical Dilemma, R.K. Rajandram, S. Nabil, M.S. Shareif, I. Ishak, J. Marhazlinda, R. Nordin, A.J. Nazimi

Research Publications (2011 to 2015)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between partially erupted impacted mandibular third and the risk for angle of mandible fracture. We designed a retrospective cohort study composed of patients who presented with mandible fractures. The predictor variables were the presence and angulation of the partially erupted impacted mandibular third molar and the distance between the apices of the mandibular third molar and the inferior border of the mandible. The outcome variable was the presence or absence of an angle fracture. Patients with a partially erupted impacted mandibular third molars had a 3.3 times greater chance of …

Molecular Characterization Of Salmonella Enterica Serovar Typhimurium Isolated From Human, Food, And Animal Sources In Malaysia, Soo Tein Ngoi, Bjørn-Arne Lindstedt, Haruo Watanabe, Kwai Lin Thong

Research Publications (2011 to 2015)

Salmonella Typhimurium is an important nontyphoidal Salmonella serovar associated with foodborne diseases in many parts of the world. This organism is the major causative agent of nontyphoidal salmonellosis in Malaysia. We aimed to investigate the genetic profiles of the strains isolated from clinical, zoonotic, and dietary sources in Malaysia using multilocus variable number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). By focusing on the 5 common variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) loci, we found that PFGE (D = 0.99) was more discriminative than MLVA (D = 0.76). The low MLVA score might be because of a lack of …

Mosquito Species And Outdoor Breeding Places In Residential Areas In Malaysia, S.N.R. Saleeza, Y. Norma-Rashid, Mohd Sofian-Azirun

Research Publications (2011 to 2015)

We conducted mosquito surveillance at outdoor breeding habitat in 459 households at 7 urban locations in Putrajaya, Malaysia from January to December 2010 to determine the predominant species and breeding locations. The most common species found at all locations was Aedes albopictus. Gardening utensils were the most common breeding sites. Of the 1,885 mosquito larvae specimens found, 1,774 (94.1) were Ae. albopictus larvae, 84 (4) were Ae. aegypti larvae and 27 (1) were Culex quinquefasciatus larvae. The Aedes index for each of the locations was higher than the goal set by the Ministry of Health for Malaysia. However, the container …

Muscle Spindle Discharge Pattern From Jaw-Closing Muscles During Chewing Different Hardness Of Foods In Awake Rabbits., H.M. Zakir

Research Publications (2011 to 2015)

No abstract provided.

Nanotechnology Law And Policy: An Introduction, M.E. Karim

Research Publications (2011 to 2015)

Nanotechnology, often referred to as the next industrial revolution after internet, is an interdisciplinary study. It is the science of manipulating technology at atomic scale. One can hardly find any area where the researchers did not attempt to apply it. Based on very optimistic results in many researches around the world, it can easily be inferred that it has virtually limitless potential and it promises epoch making changes in the world. UNESCO traced top ten applications of nanotechnology within the UN Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)- (a) Energy storage, productions and conversion, (b) Agricultural productivity enhancement, (c) Water treatment and remediation, …

Prevalence And Antimicrobial Susceptibility Of Salmonella Spp. Isolated From Snakes In Peninsular, Malaysia, M.G. Abatcha, Z. Zakaria, D.G. Kaur, Kwai Lin Thong

Research Publications (2011 to 2015)

No abstract provided.

Prevalence And Associated Factors Of Schistosomiasis Among Children In Yemen: Implications For An Effective Control Programme, H. Sady, H.M. Al-Mekhlafi, M.A.K. Mahdy, Y.A.L. Lim, R. Mahmud, J. Surin

Research Publications (2011 to 2015)

Background: Schistosomiasis, one of the most prevalent neglected tropical diseases, is a life-threatening public health problem in Yemen especially in rural communities. This cross-sectional study aims to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of schistosomiasis among children in rural Yemen. Methods/Findings: Urine and faecal samples were collected from 400 children. Urine samples were examined using filtration technique for the presence of Schistosoma haematobium eggs while faecal samples were examined using formalin-ether concentration and Kato Katz techniques for the presence of S. mansoni. Demographic, socioeconomic and environmental information were collected via a validated questionnaire. Overall, 31.8 of the participants were …

Protein Markers Useful In Authenticating Eurycoma Longifolia Contained Herbal Aphrodisiac Products, J. Vejayan, V. Iman, S.L. Foong, H. Ibrahim

Research Publications (2011 to 2015)

Eurycoma longifolia has been widely recognized for its aphrodisiac benefits and many herbal products incorporated with its extract been sold worldwide. The products in various forms of capsules or spherical tablets were appropriately solubilized in water and their protein content were separated using two dimensional electrophoresis (IPG strip of pI 3-10; 15% homogenous gel) and stained in coomassie blue. In this study using a standardized extract known for its biological activity, CFPR-JV1, two distinctive protein markers were detected within 2DE gel. The markers were spots found approximately at molecular weight of 14kDa at the basic extremities. The markers were not …

Rheological Properties And Sensory Characteristics Of Green Tea Yogurt During Storage, S. Amirdivani, A.S. Baba

Research Publications (2011 to 2015)

Malaysian and Japanese green tea extract (2%) was added to a yogurt (MGTY and JGTY). Its dynamic rheological and sensory properties were evaluated and compared to those of a plain yogurt (PY) without the added green tea extract during 28 day storage at 4 °C. The plain yogurt exhibit a more compacted casein micelle aggregates network than that of green tea yogurts which was more runny and showed low viscosity attributed to the green tea extracts. The rheological analysis showed that the green tea yogurts had lower storage modulus modulus (G') and loss modulus (G'') values in the linear viscoelastic …

The Influence Of Cigarette Smoking On Gingival Bleeding And Serum Concentrations Of Haptoglobin And Alpha 1-Antitrypsis, F.H. Al-Bayaty, N. Baharuddin, M.A. Abdulla, H.M. Ali, M.B. Arkilla, M.F. Albayaty

Research Publications (2011 to 2015)

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the influence of cigarette smoking on gingival bleeding and serum concentrations of cotinine, haptoglobin, and alpha 1-antitrypsin in Malaysian smokers. A total of 197 male smokers and nonsmokers were recruited for this study. Plaque index, bleeding on probing (BOP), and levels of serum cotinine, haptoglobin, and alpha 1-antitrypsin were evaluated. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.0, with the significance level set at alpha < 0.05. Linear regression analyses were performed. The mean cigarette consumption per day was 13.39 +/- 5.75 cigarettes; the mean duration was 16.03 +/- 8.78 years. Relatively low BOP values (26.05 +/- 1.48) and moderate plaque indexes (51.35 +/- 11.27) were found. The levels of serum cotinine (106.9 +/- 30.71 ng/dL), haptoglobin (76.04 +/- 52.48 mg/dL), and alpha 1-antitrypsin (141.90 +/- 18.40 mg/dL) were significantly higher in smokers compared to non-smokers. Multiple logistic regression models for all variables and smokers demonstrated observed differences between BOP, the number of cigarettes per day, and duration of smoking, while serum cotinine, haptoglobin and alpha-1 antitrypsin levels showed no significant differences. Duration of smoking (years) and the cotinine level in serum showed a significant correlation with plaque index. The present analysis demonstrated that the duration of smoking in years, but not the number of cigarettes smoked per day, was associated with reduced gingival bleeding in smokers.

Acanthamoeba Genotype T4 Detected In Naturally-Infected Feline Corneas Found To Be In Homology With Those Causing Human Keratitis, I. Ithoi, R. Mahmud, M.H.A. Basher, A. Jali, A.M. Abdulsalam, J. Ibrahim, J.W. Mak

Research Publications (2011 to 2015)

A total of 10 out of 65 cornea swab samples from cats with eye symptoms showed Acanthamoeba-like morphology after cultivation. By PCR and DNA sequencing of Acanthamoeba diagnostic fragment 3 (DF3), all 10 isolates from the positive samples were categorized into two homologous groups of AfC1 (PM1, PM2, PM3, PF6, KM7, KF8, KMK9) and AfC2 (PM4, PM5, KFK10) due to the presence of bases A(354) and G(354), respectively. Furthermore, DF3 of AfC1 and AfC2 showed 100 similarity with Genbank reference isolates with the accession numbers DQ087314, EU146073 and U07401, GU808323, which were Acanthamoeba castellanii strains genotype T4 originating from human …