Digital Commons Network^™

"绿色汉江" 河流保护运动的城市动员 = The City Mobilization Of ‘Green Han River’For River Protection Movement, Jianli Yun, Ling Zhao

South South Forum 南南論壇

自1978年改革以来，中国以牺牲环境为代价步入了高速的工业化。汉江及其支流受到许多低成本运营的中小企业严重污染。随着27%的汉江水将被南水北调到北京，这意味着下游人民也会面临同样的问题。面对所有这些问题，公众通常是责备政府而非行动起来解决问题。直到2002年，运建立发起了湖北省第一个民间环保组织“绿色汉江”。而绿色汉江的核心团队是由几位退休老人组成的。

作为一位老年女性，运建立站在调研、监督、倡导、教育行动和地方村级水项目的最前线。她给3000多人做过600多次演讲。大家都叫她“赤脚环保主义者”或者“环保奶奶”。在整个团队志愿工作的基础上，她用热情和坚持感动了很多人。包括政府、市民、企业、学校、幼儿园，不管是年老的或年轻的、教育家还是村庄社区等社会各阶层，都参与了进来。绿色汉江现有团体会员66个，个体会员160个，3000多名志愿者。经过他们的努力，整治汉江及其支流的污染已经取得到了突破性的转变。越来越多的襄阳人知道了环境问题就在身边，“关爱母亲河，保护水资源”已逐渐变成广大民众的自觉行动。作为一个以社区为本的组织，绿色汉江不是依靠外界的资助，而是依靠志愿者们的热情和责任承担。

运建立和她的志愿者们证明了普通人如何能用行动带来社会和生态环境的改变。越来越多城市和乡村的人们出于基本的生计关切投入到绿色运动当中，而不只是中产阶级的共识。随着数以万计的人们真正的民主志愿参与，这才成为一项可持续的运动。

Since the reform of 1978, China’s high speed industrialization was carried out at the expense of the environment. The Han River and its tributaries were seriously polluted by a lot of small and medium factories operating at low cost. In addition, the diverting of 27% of the river water from Han River to Beijing in the north also means added problems to the people living downstream. Faced with all the problems, the public might blame the government but would not take up action to address the problems. Until 2002, YUN Jianli initiated ‘Green Han River’, the first …

From The Wealth Of Nations To The Common Well-Being Of The Planet : Toward An Ecologically-Embedded Economy = 从国家财富到地球的共同福祉 : 朝向内在于生态体系的经济体, Tak Hing, Erebus Wong

South South Forum 南南論壇

地球上生命体的共同进化是复杂性增加的过程。新的信息不断被加进现有的复杂系统里。共同进化应该被理解为生命体与生态系统作为一个复杂整体的过程。达尔文式“物竞天择”与资本主义讴歌的竞争已是陈腐的范型，它们与其他有害的社会-经济以及科学教条，内涵灾难的种子，导致今天的生态灾难，把人类推向当前社会-经济的死胡同。

要超越当前这种毁灭性及自杀式的文明模式，我们需要从基本上反思在资本主义扩张时期所塑造出来的种种社会经济及科学范型。长期以来，它们一直实际上服务于资本的利益。

生命过程不能被化约为简单的能量与物质的转换。这种观念是以等价交换的市场法则为模型。在生物体的能量与物质，与散布在环境中的质能，在本质上是不同的。生命不仅仅是由混沌中演化出秩序。迭排的秩序，与无序一样缺乏生命。生命的现象是复杂性，是迭排秩序(可预测)与无序(不可预测)之外的第三种存在模态。相对于熵(随机性)，生命创造逆熵(negentropy)或信息负熵(intropy)，即是蕴藏信息的丰富性。蕴藏在有机体及生态系统里、以信息负熵形态存在的潜能量，赋予生命无穷无尽的创造性。

可是，资本主义的生产及消费方式，却误以有效率地转化能量和物理为创造性(被视为创造财富)，结果导致资源耗尽，毫无节制地把能量及废物耗散进环境里。由于砍伐森林及碳排放而导致的全球暖化困境，正是这种方式导致的其中一个恶果。资本主义把社会圈(以及生态圈)变成一个充斥商品(消费品)的荒漠，干扰了环境的热平衡调节(thermal homeostasis)，增加环境中的熵，减弱生态体系的信息负熵(生物多样性衰竭)，把地球推向热死亡(thermal death)。

从这个角度来看，很多当前被讴歌推崇的市场教条，实质上危害生物圈的健全。这个历史进程的顶点是全球化。它试图以等价交换的普遍法则来组织一个单一的全球市场。这项教条的最近其中一个表现是碳交易机制的设计。它的前题是在某地所造成的干扰，可以通过在另一处作出相应的补偿来补救。这种思考模式跟犹太-基督教(西方中心主义)的普世-超验主义(universal-transcendentalism)不无关系。它不理解生态系统作为一种复杂适应系统(complex adaptive system)，是本土化于某特定的生物区域里(bio-regionally localized)。某个复杂适应系统遭受干扰时的恢复力，取决于它是否能在它的界限上保持一定的“非通信”区域( “non-communication” zone)，尽管地球上所有生态体系最后都是紧密地连结在一起。本土化的民生体系，也是如此。

为了抗衡这种错误的科学范式及经济教条，我们需要想象展望人类与自然以及人类之间共存的新方式。

经济体(Ekonomy): 从金钱术回归至照顾我们的家园

我们别忘记：生态(ecology)与经济(economy)在字源上，都是源自古希腊字根 oikos，家园。经济一词由oikos和nemein (照顾)。由此看来，生态学和经济，都是关乎睿智地照看我们的家园，我们的栖息地。很不幸，经济的发展方向，恰恰朝向阿里土多德二千多年前早已警告我们的金钱术(krematistike)，并且达到出神入化、自毁家园的境地。为了睿智地栖息于地球之上，与其他生命体分享生物圈，我们需要寻回筑建经济体(economy)的古老智慧。我们要学习去除长期灌输给我们、根深柢固的经济价值观，把快乐幸福与物质追求适当地分开。我们应该寻回人类交换时所蕴含的丰富文化内涵，唾弃经济学(economic)所虚构的以物易物(barter trade)神话。我们要有勇气和创造力去想象和展望新的经济体(ekonomic)生产及财富分享方式。现行那种以最终制成品进行自由竞争的方式，必须被扬弃。我们必须正视所谓的自由选择(free to choose)所隐含的巨大生态及社会代价。其中一项急切的任务，是要重新创造新的货币形式，限制现在赋予金钱的无限权力。简言之，我们要寻求与同伴分享资源的新艺术。

新的社群伦理：公有共享与存在的脆弱

听起来有点奇怪，可是，作为群居动物，我们需要寻找新的群居方式。建基于排他性的身分认同来凝聚群体的方式，需要被扬弃。同样，以公民社会(civil society)和民族国家(nation-state)来代表普遍性身分认同的历史形式，也最终需要被超越。也许对于各种普遍性身分认同，我们都要持怀疑的态度。别忘记，身分认同总是内嵌于特殊的条件里(embeddedness of identity)。有别于建基于相似性来建构身分认同，另一条可行的途径是通过有意识地分享我们公有共享的事物来培养群体凝聚性。我们明白各自不可泯灭的差异性，却愿意通过分享和合作投身于不同层次的命运共同体。说到最后，地球上全部生物区域、所有生态体系，包括我们所有人的命运，都是密切连系交织成一个整体。生态系统，与人类存在一样，紧密相连，却又脆弱，把我们连结成一个命运共同体。人类所面临的最巨大历史任务，正是想象展望超越民族国家的新社会群体(sociality)形式。

简言之，我们需要发掘新的、却是悠久的社群伦理，与同伴，包括所有生命体，一起分享这个星球。

人类新的栖居模式：适当规模的城乡整合

最后，却可能是最迫切的问题，是逆转超级都市的发展趋势。超级都市的出现，可能是文明史上最具灾难的进程。这些超级都市像癌肿瘤般吸噬所有资源；它们像污水渠般不断向环境排放污染物，像热板般灼烫大气层。超级都市的整个根本基建设计都错得具灾难性。人类要继续生存在地球上，必须想象及展望新的城乡整合。适当规模的城镇要有机地和乡村融合。当然，这同时需要发展新的农业耕作模式。

简言之，我们需要寻找在地球上栖息的新模式。

How Is Collectivism Possible In Rural China?, Kin Chi Lau

South South Forum 南南論壇

With the reform policy of 1979, the household responsibility system effectively and largely dismantled the people’s commune system that had been in place for over a decade during the Cultural Revolution. Partly as an imperative policy from above, and partly as an aspiration of peasant households to claim right of usage over a piece of land, over 90% of rural assets that were collectively owned and managed by the village community have been de-collectivized. Nevertheless, fragments of collectivity have remained in diverse forms, with variations in terms of ownership or management.

Two cases have drawn much media attention: the Huaxi …

Parental Authority, Parental Nurturance, Depression And Self-Esteem Among Latino Emerging Adults, Ana V. Chapman

Open Access Dissertations

It is well-established that parenting has a profound impact on children’s depressive symptoms and self-esteem (e.g., Endler & Parker, 1994; Hoffman, Levy-Shiff, Sohlberg, & Zarizki, 1992; Wolfradt, Hempel, & Miles, 2003). More specifically, parental authority and parental nurturance have been found to affect children’s functioning positively (i.e., high self-esteem and self-worth) and negatively (i.e., poor self-image and depressive symptoms; Bean, Bush, McKenry, & Wilson, 2003; Hopkins & Klein, 1994; Patcoch-Peckham & Morgan-Lopez, 2007; Wolfradt et al., 2003). However, such findings have been garnered through examination of almost exclusively White children and adolescent samples, suggesting that our understanding of these constructs …

Claiming Neutrality And Confessing Subjectivity In Supreme Court Confirmation Hearings, Carolyn Shapiro

All Faculty Scholarship

Supreme Court confirmation hearings provide a rare opportunity for the American people to hear what (would-be) justices think about the nature of judging and the role of the Supreme Court. In recent years, nominees have been quick to talk about judging in terms of neutrality and objectivity, most famously with Chief Justice Roberts’ invocation of the “neutral umpire,” and they have emphasized their reliance on legal texts and sources as if those sources can provide answers in difficult cases. Many of the cases heard by the Supreme Court, however, do not have objectively correct answers that can be deduced from …

Medical School Watercooler Newsletter - December 9, 2012, Lindsey Lyle

Watercooler Newsletter

This is the December 9, 2012 edition of the Frederick P. Whiddon College of Medicine's newsletter - Watercooler.

Contents Include:

• USA College of Medicine Hosts Crampton Trust Lecture in Geriatric Medicine
• USA Medical Center Participates in Holiday Toy Drive
• Students Donate Books to USA Children’s Medical Center through Reach Out and Read Program
• December Med School Café - 'The Patient Centered Medical Home'

The Faithful Flyer, 12-09-2012 To 01-13-2013, University Of Dayton. Campus Ministry

Chapel Bulletins

No abstract provided.

Deafdigest: Deaf Sports News December 9, 2012, Barry Strassler

DeafDigest Sports 2012

No abstract provided.

2012 Holiday Concert: Old Dominion University Symphony Orchestra And Old Dominion University Wind Ensemble, Old Dominion University Symphony Orchestra, Jeff Phelps (Director), Old Dominion University Wind Ensemble, Dennis J. Zeisler, (Director), Alexandra Borza, (Graduate Conductor), Andrew Bohnert (Graduate Conductor), Matthew Phillips, (Graduate Conductor)

Ensemble Performances

No abstract provided.

Catholic Ministries At Gallaudet University Bulletin, December 9, 2012

Catholic Ministries at Gallaudet University Bulletin

A newsletter published for Deaf Catholics in Washington, DC)

Catholic Ministries at Gallaudet University Bulletin Finding Aid

St. Mark’S Catholic Community Of The Deaf, December 9, 2012

Saint Mark's Catholic Community of the Deaf

A newsletter published for Deaf Catholics in Edmonton, Canada

Saint Mark's Catholic Community of the Deaf Finding Aid

St. Francis Of Assisi Catholic Church And Center For The Deaf Sunday Bulletin, December 9, 2012

Saint Francis of Assisi Catholic Church and Center for the Deaf Sunday Bulletin

A newsletter published for Deaf Catholics in Landover Hills, MD

St. Francis of Assisi Catholic Church and Center for the Deaf Sunday Bulletin Finding Aid

Divine Gifts To Jerusalem And To Mary, Lawrence Frizzell

Department of Religion Publications

Cycle C liturgical readings for the Second Sunday of Advent, December 9, 2012: Bar 5:1-9; Ps 126; Phil 1:4-11; Lk 3:1-6. This article was previously published in The Catholic Advocate.

Deafdigest: Gold Edition, December 9, 2012, Barry Strassler

DeafDigest Gold 2012

No abstract provided.

Deafdigest: Blue Edition, December 9, 2012, Barry Strassler

DeafDigest Blue 2012

No abstract provided.

12/09/2012 Obituary Records, Hawaii Obituaries

Obituaries

List of Obituaries for individuals who passed away on 12/09/2012. Scroll down to see the names and obituary description.

December 9, 2012: Brimhall Wins Nea Award, Department Of English

Gleanings: Department of English Blog Archive

No abstract provided.

Unemployment And Regulatory Policy, Eric A. Posner, Jonathan Masur

Public Law and Legal Theory Working Papers

No abstract provided.

Church Bulletin, December 9, 2012

Church Bulletin

A newsletter published for Deaf Catholics in Ottawa, Canada

Church Bulletin Finding Aid

Mitchell, Skeff Named Nscaa Women's Soccer All-Americans, Armstrong State University

Armstrong Athletics: Women's Soccer News (Archived)

Mitchell, Skeff Named NSCAA Women's Soccer All-Americans. Armstrong Atlantic State University senior forward Morgan Mitchell and senior midfielder Nadima Skeff have each earned All-American women's soccer honors by the National Soccer Coaches Association of America, announced this week.

Unemployment And Regulatory Policy, Eric A. Posner, Jonathan Masur

Coase-Sandor Institute for Law & Economics Research Paper Series

No abstract provided.

"To Be A Friend To Animals" Children's Book Reading And Discussion, Samantha Kirsch

Honors Projects

The author describes a project in which she created a book for children discussing animal rights and vegetarianism. She then discusses her experience trying to publicize the book at various local venues. Her ultimate goal was to have a book reading in which children and adults could discuss issues related to animal rights.

Newsroom: Ed Fitzpatrick On Pension Reform, Roger Williams University School Of Law

Life of the Law School (1993- )

No abstract provided.

2012-2013 Gingerbread Holiday Concert, Lynn University Philharmonia, Albert George Schram

Philharmonia

10th Annual Gingerbread Holiday Concert sponsored by Bank of America, presented by Lynn University and Friends of the Conservatory

Our Food Sovereignty And Well Living In The Peruvian High Plains, Eliana Apaza

South South Forum 南南論壇

We the aymara people in the region of Puno in Peru, consider that everyone’s life is important, that is why our life is based in living as a community with everything that surrounds us. One of the main activities of our people is the growth of agricultural diversity, focused mainly in the potato, the broad beans, the quinoa, the barley and other crops, each one is planted and cultivated in an specific way and it is consumed in a different way. The families cultivate with a loving raise, before, they used to do a ritual to ask for permission to …

Land Grabbing In Africa, Khadija Sharife

South South Forum 南南論壇

At least 80 million hectares of land have been recently purchased in what are being termed ‘land grabs,’ around three quarter of which are in Africa. The deals, displacingAfrica’s small farmers, primarily women, are often facilitated by the World Bank’s International Finance Corporation, acting as a one-stop-lease-shop via Investment and Export Promotion Agency. These agencies remove obstacles allegedly blocking Foreign Direct Investment by constructing sovereign-backed toolkits, streamlining for investors issues ranging from land ownership, availability, titling, to legal obligations, taxes and duties. While the architecture of land grabbing is an extension of the neoliberal system, a new set of land-grabbers …

Contestation, Cooperation And The Transborder Commons, Carl Middleton

South South Forum 南南論壇

The Mekong River traces its 4,900 kilometer path southwards through the heart of mainland Southeast Asia from its source in the Himalayan Tibetan plateau through Yunnan Province of China, Myanmar/ Burma, Laos, Thailand, Cambodia and Vietnam. Host to the world’s largest inland fishery and vital to agriculture, the Mekong River is a transboundary commons that is central to the livelihoods, local economies and culture of millions of people living within the basin.

Mainland Southeast Asia is rapidly industrializing, urbanizing, and undergoing a process of regional economic integration shaped predominantly by neoliberal economic policies. Economic growth is uneven, however, and large …

Mapping The Global Land Grab, Neide Vargas

South South Forum 南南論壇

2008年以后，在美联储、英格兰银行、欧洲央行宽松的货币政策的刺激下，国际金融资本在世界范围内的圈地运动愈演愈烈。目前，一些中心国家及边缘国家的农业公司、资本集团之间展开了圈地竞赛，目标主要集中在拉丁美洲、非洲，以及澳大利亚。在这一形势下，考虑到农产品的生产与需求的现状，农地，或者有潜力开发为农地的土地在未来会变得愈加稀缺。我们试图帮助理解这一趋势。

这一场圈地运动是由国际投资基金、主权财富基金、各国国有产业集团、农业企业等资本集团掀起的。各国政府在其中扮演了推动和刺激企业圈地的角色，为全球范围的圈地活动提供了平台。很多政府和多边机构为此提供了有利的政策。这里面的各种关联错综复杂，难以理清，投机交易与套利活动涉及很多国家和组织，编织成了一张全球性网络，并呈持续扩张态势。目前的土地交易，都是资本在追逐短期利润的投机动机下进行的，这将给上述相关地区带来很大的风险和不确定性，我们将用GRAIN的数据揭示当下这一圈地运动的特点。

转基因话语、利益结构与基因竞赛 = Transgenicdiscourse, Interest Structure And Gene Competition, Li Zhou

South South Forum 南南論壇

由于近些年生物技术的突飞猛进，世界各国已经展开了一场类似于核竞赛，又远比核竞赛更为隐秘和严重的基因竞赛，我们需要认识转基因竞赛甚至战争的性质，走出技术化的缺乏主体性的转基因话语讨论。转基因研发推广过程中，有七股力量已经联合，形成一个利益共同体，使得转基因大潮势不可挡：跨国粮商得利润、外国政府得战略、地方政府得政绩、中资公司得好处、科研院所得经费、国家部门得租金、种粮农民得闲暇。我们需要认识让生存逻辑和生命逻辑，服从于商业逻辑和政治逻辑的转基因利益结构，认识其可能导致人类生存危机等系统性风险，旗帜鲜明地反对转基因育种和产业化推广；退一步讲，即使进行转基因技术的研发，也要采用国家集中体制，以防止类似核扩散的基因技术不可控行为的发生，阻止一场在种子领域的殖民掠夺；同时重点发展和推广常规育种，强化农田水利建设，采用更为安全可行的措施，以阻止人类在转基因领域的自杀式竞争。

Since the rapid development of the biotechnology in recent years, the countries in the world have already started a new kind of competition—genetic competition, which is similar to nuclear arms race but far more secret and serious. We need to recognize the nature of the transgenic contest and genetic war, getting out from the subjectivity-absent technical discussion on transgenic technology. In the process of transgenic research and development(R&D), seven forces have already jointed and formed a “community of interests”, pushing the transgenic trends overwhelming: the international food dealers gain profits, foreign government wins strategy, local government achieves performance, Chinese-funded …

Structural Crisis, Speculative Attacks And Food Sovereignty, Pedro Paez

South South Forum 南南論壇

The present crisis is not only a financial one. It is a crisis of civilization. The convergence of long term contradictory processes in several levels (economic, demographic, ecological, etc.) has reduced capital’s margin of maneuvering with historical progressive projection, opening the room for very painful situations for large segments of Earth’s population.

The anti-fascist forces victory in the Second Word War triggered the constitution of a series of regimes of accumulation with significant endogenous dynamics of growth based upon re-distributive patterns at the domestic and the international levels that expressed the new balance of power. The pervasive destruction of local …