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Aku-Nama : Summer 2012, Volume 5, Issue 1, Aga Khan University Alumni Association

The Aga Khan University Newsletter and Magazine for Alumni (AKU-NAMA)

No abstract provided.

Young Kuria Of Tanzania: What Drives Them To Choose Army Careers, Hezron Zacharia Onditi

Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

Although there are many career opportunities in the world of work, some groups have been historically inclined to particular professions. Young males of Tanzania’s Kuria tribe have long been known to have preference for a career in the armed forces. This paper examines what drives them to choose an army career. The field work for the paper was conducted in Tarime district of the Mara region where Tanzania’s Kuria population is largely concentrated. The analysis is based on the theoretical framework developed by the theory of planned behaviour in terms of which the intention of the individual human actor is …

The Quality Of Education In Tanzania: An Exploration Into Its Determinants, Sam Maghimbi

Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

Recent rapid expansion in school enrolment at all levels represents a profound challenge to parents and the government in Tanzania. There has been a very high increase in the number of school-going-age children from year to year due to high fertility. Government resources are thinly spread in very many schools, and there is fear that quality of education may be compromised. The paper presents the argument that there is in evidence a government-will-pay (gwp) attitude in the parents’ values. The parents’ contribution to secure improvement in quality of education is not forthcoming because of this belief, which is traced to …

The Role Of Informal Politics In Environmental Governance In East Uluguru Mountains In Tanzania, Christopher Mahonge

Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

Informal politics exercises a significant influence on formal decision making arrangements although its interplay with formal arrangements has conventionally been ignored. This study investigates how informal politics affects the operationalisation of a formally sanctioned initiative in the sphere of environmental governance. Nyachilo village, situated in the East Uluguru Mountains, was the site of the fieldwork of this study. The establishment of participatory environmental management in this village, through village environmental management committees, aimed at bringing a balance between the twin objectives of environmental conservation and development. However, the two-year experience in the implementation of this community-based environmental management approach has …

Parliamentary Supremacy In Tanzania: Rhetoric And Reality, Frank J. Mateng’E

Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

This paper interrogates the theory and practice of parliamentary supremacy in Tanzania. We examine the assertion that, on becoming independent, Tanzania inherited the doctrine of parliamentary supremacy enshrined in the Westminster model. Using a historical approach, the paper analyzes the relationship between the legislature and the executive branch of government from 1926 to 2010, and concludes that the notion of parliamentary supremacy in Tanzania has remained more rhetorical. In theory the parliament is supreme, but at the level of practice its role has mainly been confined to the law-making and advisory functions with limited scope for the exercise of the …

Collegiality In Teacher Design Teams: Experience From The Netherlands And Tanzania, Ayoub C. Kafyulilo

Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

Teachers’ collegiality is becoming an increasingly important component of teachers’ professional development programmes that are geared at improving students’ learning. Studies have shown that, through collaboration, teachers can learn from one another and develop professionally. This study investigates the extent to which true collegiality exists in teacher design teams in the Netherlands and in Tanzania. It specifically investigates the ways in which teachers establish collegiality in schools and the influence of education authorities (inspectorates, school management and policy makers) in teachers’ decision making in the design teams. It also investigates how varying interests, values and attitudes of teachers are accommodated …

Case Studies: Developing Critical Thinking In New Teachers, Mark A. Hamilton

Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

Critical thinking is increasingly depicted as a crucial component of teaching and learning programmes worldwide, including teacher education. Reflecting the trend toward inquiry-based, constructivist teacher professional development of the past twenty years, definitions and approaches to teaching critical thinking nevertheless vary quite widely. The present article thus discusses the use of case studies as an adaptable, flexible tool for developing critical thinking in student teachers, in ways that reflect their experiences and needs. The article includes sample cases of ‘real world’ situations of practice to show how case-study method can be employed to simulate the kinds of problems, issues and …

Dramatic Shifts In Benthic Microbial Eukaryote Communities Following The Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill, Holly M. Bik, Kenneth M. Halanych, Jyotsna Sharma, W. Kelley Thomas

Hubbard Center for Genome Studies (HCGS)

Benthic habitats harbour a significant (yet unexplored) diversity of microscopic eukaryote taxa, including metazoan phyla, protists, algae and fungi. These groups are thought to underpin ecosystem functioning across diverse marine environments. Coastal marine habitats in the Gulf of Mexico experienced visible, heavy impacts following the Deepwater Horizon oil spill in 2010, yet our scant knowledge of prior eukaryotic biodiversity has precluded a thorough assessment of this disturbance. Using a marker gene and morphological approach, we present an intensive evaluation of microbial eukaryote communities prior to and following oiling around heavily impacted shorelines. Our results show significant changes in community structure, …

Modeling Commuter Preferences For The Proposed Bus Rapid Transit In Dar-Es-Salaam, Alphonse Nkurunziza, Mark Zuidgeest, Mark Brussel, Martin Van Maarseveen

Journal of Public Transportation

The paper analyzes individual commuter preferences towards the proposed bus rapid transit (BRT) system in Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania. The objective of the survey was to identify how commuters perceive and value the proposed BRT service quality attributes. A stated preference survey of potential users of the proposed BRT was administered to 684 commuters who traveled to the central business district (CBD) on a regular basis. To this end, a special pictorial score card was developed that was suited for the local context and needed to capture the preferences of the commuter respondents. The BRT attributes considered for study are travel time, …

Full Issue 15(2)

Journal of Public Transportation

No abstract provided.

A Phenomenological Study Of Motivations, Experiences And Reflections As Related To Teacher Training And Development In Tanzania, Melinda Ingiaimo

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

In third world countries where education often takes a back seat to survival, teachers struggle to prepare themselves to shape the destiny and future of the upcoming generation. This study examined the phenomena of Tanzanian teacher preparation with special emphasis on the motivating factors, common experiences and reflections of participants concerning their preparation process for teaching in a government funded school. This study inquired into the immediate teaching environment and the ongoing teacher development processes. Fifteen Tanzanian teachers were purposefully chosen for this study and data was gathered utilizing a semi-structured interview, a survey and a focus group. The teacher …

At Home, At Work: Indian Immigrant Women In Colonial East Africa (C.1920-1940), Savita Nair

Wagadu: A Journal of Transnational Women's & Gender Studies

Situated in the broader context of the South Asian diaspora, Indian Gujarati merchant families in colonial East Africa participate in creating a modern history of migration. Building on preexisting connections between western India and eastern Africa, families create networks and recreate community in a unique diasporic context. Constituted not only of men, but also women who accompany and follow their entrepreneurial, adverturer husbands, and later daughters and wives, Gujarati business families are ensured a place in the historical record as a constituent community in British East Africa. In this new colonial site, newly marked by the railway systems, market towns, …

Commencement Program 2012, Loma Linda University

Commencement Programs

CONTENTS

1 | Message from the President

3 | 2012 Events of Commencement

5 | The Academic Procession

7 | Significance of Academic Regalia

9 The Good Samaritan

10 | University History Highlights

12 | Loma Linda University Song - "Healing Love"

13 | The Speakers

24 | The University Honorees

36 | The School Honorees

54 | The Program

• School of Medicine, 55
• School of Pharmacy, 72
• School of Dentistry, 79
• School of Science and Technology/School of Behavioral Health and School of Religion, 97
• School of Nursing, 109
• School of Allied Health Professions - Physical Therapy, 117
• School of …

Simplified Models Of Vector Control Impact Upon Malaria Transmission By Zoophagic Mosquitoes, Samson S. Kiware, Nakul Chitnis, Sarah J. Moore, Gregor J. Devine, Silas Majambere, Stephen Merrill, Gerry F. Killeen

Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science Faculty Research and Publications

Background

High coverage of personal protection measures that kill mosquitoes dramatically reduce malaria transmission where vector populations depend upon human blood. However, most primary malaria vectors outside of sub-Saharan Africa can be classified as “very zoophagic,” meaning they feed occasionally (

Methods and Findings

We extended a published malaria transmission model to examine the relationship between transmission, control, and the baseline proportion of bloodmeals obtained from humans (human blood index). The lower limit of the human blood index enables derivation of simplified models for zoophagic vectors that (1) Rely on only three field-measurable parameters. (2) Predict immediate and delayed (with …

Molecular Epidemiology Of Hiv-Associated Tuberculosis In Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania: Strain Predominance, Clustering, And Polyclonal Disease, Lisa V. Adams, Barry N. Kreiswirth, Robert D. Arbeit, Hanna Soini, Lillian Mtei, Mecky Matee, Muhammad Bakari, Timothy Lahey, Wendy Wieland-Alter

Dartmouth Scholarship

Molecular typing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis can be used to elucidate the epidemiology of tuberculosis, including the rates of clustering, the frequency of polyclonal disease, and the distribution of genotypic families. We performed IS6110 typing and spoligotyping on M. tuberculosis strains isolated from HIV-infected subjects at baseline or during follow-up in the DarDar Trial in Tanzania and on selected community isolates. Clustering occurred in 203 (74%) of 275 subjects: 124 (80%) of 155 HIV-infected subjects with baseline isolates, 56 (69%) of 81 HIV-infected subjects with endpoint isolates, and 23 (59%) of 39 community controls. Overall, 113 (41%) subjects had an …

Working With Rwanda Toward The Domestic Prosecution Of Genocide Crimes, Peter H. Sennett Usmcr, Gregory P. Noone Jagc, Usn

Journal of Civil Rights and Economic Development

No abstract provided.

Echo, Summer/Fall 2012, Columbia College Chicago

Echo

Student-produced magazine formerly published as Chicago Arts and Communication, changed to Echo magazine in 1997. Cover Articles: Harcore hardcourt: bikes, beers, and bruises; Englewood illustrated: a graphic history; Belly laughs and belly flops: tales from the comedy stage; Shakespeare in need: the Sough Loop's pauper poet; Naked poster inside: you voted, we listened. 80 pages.

Teaching Tanzania: Education And The Creation Of Tanzania In A Cold War World, Timothy Alan Nicholson

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

This dissertation used education to highlight local and global dimensions of nation building in Tanzania. It examines the process by which the late colonial and early postcolonial education officials in Tanzania experimented with and developed educational and nationalistic institutions as a means to interact with their populations and satisfy increasingly vocal demands for social services. Using oral histories as well as sources from the Tanzanian National Archive and the archives of American non-governmental organizations, this dissertation also highlights the fundamental role that non-elite actors, such as teachers, students, and low-level government officials, played in acting as intermediaries between elite politicians …

Access And Awareness Of Ict Resources And Services In Medical College Libraries In Puducherry, S. Dhanavandan, S. Mohammed Esmail, M. Nagarajan

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

Introduction

Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is widely considered as the most important revolution humankind has experienced since the industrial revolution and the development of movable type printing techniques. A country's development depends on the extent of use, speed of access, and skilled application of ICT systems. Computer and communications technologies have drastically changed the entire human activities including library and information field. Now a days -libraries are deeply engaged to modernize operations & activities to provide fast, integrated, interactive and comprehensive services. In the same direction with IT thrust the concept of digital library has emerged substantially. Various universities …

A Comparative Analysis Of Toluidine Blue With Frozen Section In Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Montasir Junaid, Moaz M. Choudhary, Zain A. Sobani, Ghulam Murtaza, Sadaf Qadeer, Naeem S. Ali, Mumtaz J. Khan, Anwar Suhail

Department of Surgery Docs

Background:Surgical excision of the primary tumor with safe margins remains the mainstay of treatment for oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The standard of care for assessment of intraoperative margins is frozen section histopathology. Unfortunately the facility is not available at most centers in limited resource countries. Toluidine blue, a metachromatic dye, has been well described in clinical identification of malignant and premalignant lesion in the oral cavity. Considering this we decided to explore intraoperative use of toluidine blue staining, in comparison with frozen sections, for the assessment of tumor-free margins.

Methods:

After obtaining clearance from the in-house ethical …

Issue 60, Spring 2012, Society Of Bead Researchers

The Bead Forum: Newsletter of the Society of Bead Researchers

Glass Beads from Gloucester Point, Virginia, by Laurie E. Burgess and Christopher Sperling. • Borneo International Beads Conference 2011, by Karlis Karklins.

Paleoecological Study Of Unguja: Can Past Environments Be Inferred From Fossilized Corals And Mollusks?, Meredith Burger, Jory Lerback

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

A study was conducted on Unguja, an island off the eastern coast of Tanzania, to provide an overview of the paleoecology found in the cliff shelves across the island. It is known that Zanzibar was a submerged reef from the Neogene, approximately 23 million years ago (Ma). Two tests were carried out in 16 sites around the island. One test looked at coral fossils, while the other studied fossilized shells. Both tests measured biodiversity, with one specifically studying patterns of ocean currents, and the other studying nutrient levels and deposition rates. Biodiversity tests were inconclusive but coral diversity showed a …

Chris Spring. Angaza Afrika: African Art Now. London: Lawrence King. 2008, Mathias Alubafi Fubah

Journal of International and Global Studies

Book review.

How Does Climate Change Affect Agricultural Stability In Southeast Unguja? An Assessment Of The Threats To Agriculture And Food Security From Rising Temperature And Changes In Predictability And Intensity Of Rainy Seasons., Eloise Reid

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

The relationship between climate change, agriculture, and food security on the island of Unguja was studied. Informal interviews were carried out in the south-eastern coastal communities of Bwejuu, Paje, and Jambiani in order to gain perspective and awareness of local knowledge concerning changes in climate and it's affects on crop production. Formal interviews were conducted in Stone Town with the Ministry of Agriculture, the Department of Environment, the Sustainable Management of Land and the Environment office, private climate change experts and environmental consultants, and local NGO's to gain insight on what aspects of climate change are most detrimental in the …

Assessing The Viability Of Desalination For Rural Water Supply In Chwaka, Zanzibar, Roy Yu, Daniele Packard

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

Zanzibar has been struggling with water scarcity issues over the last few decades due to an increase in consumption on the island and a deterioration of existing supply infrastructure. Poor distribution has affected rural communities most, due to their absence of tourism development, which has gone hand in hand with infrastructure establishment. Foreign aid has begun to address the issue by investing in alternative forms of water supply. On November 15, 2011, The Minister for Housing, Lands, and Water, Ali Juma Shamhuna inaugurated the Mörk desalin® RO 100 SW desalination machine, a solar and wind powered desalination unit in Chwaka …

Spiritan Magazine Vol. 36 No. 2

Spiritan Magazine

No abstract provided.

Tanzania

Spiritan Magazine

Bagamoyo — The Freedom Village
Getting started in the highlands, Matthew Bender
Flying medical service, Pat Patten
Olbaldal diary, Ned Marchessault

The Role Of University Libraries In Enhancing Local Content Availability In The Nigerian Community, Chimezie Patrick Uzuegbu

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

Introduction

What is local content? According to Abdul Waheed Khan, in his paper presented in a UNESCO and World Summit on the Information Society, "Local content is an expression and communication of a community's locally generated, owned and adapted knowledge and experience that is relevant to the community's situation". Bhattacharjee (2001) says that local content is generally defined as a work which is produced under the creative control of nationals of the country. Meanwhile, the economist definition of local content is that it is the proportion of input which comes from the country itself, as opposed to those imported. Observing …

Spatial-Temporal Variation In Sex Ratio And Group Size Of Ostriches (Struthio Namelus) In The Serengeti National Park And Environs In Northern Tanzania, Fj Magige

Tanzania Journal of Science

A study was conducted on variation in sex ratio and group size of ostriches (Struthio camelus) in Serengeti National Park and adjacent partially protected areas in northern Tanzania. Data were collected for two years (2005- 2006), along 388 km of roads. The two areas were compared with respect to ostrich sex ratio (male: female) and group size. Seasonal variation of these variables (sex ratio and group size) was also determined. Repetitive sampling showed an overall femaleskewed sex ratio, which was significantly different from unity. The sex ratio inside the National Park was also significantly skewed towards females, whereas that in …

Synthesis Of Organoamine-Silica Hybrids Using Cashew Nut Shell Liquid Components As Templates For The Catalysis Of A Model Henry Reaction, Sc Msigala, Jeg Mdoe

Tanzania Journal of Science

Organoamine-silica hybrids were prepared by a co-condensation of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) and different aminoalkoxysilanes, namely, 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, N-(3(trimethoxysilyl)propyl)-ethylenediamine and 3[2(2-amino)ethylamino]propyl trimethoxysilane, at different ratios using cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) components as templates. Of the major components of CNSL tested, only cardanol was found to be efficient as a template as it yielded 66% of the hybrid. The prepared materials were characterized by diffuse reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Atomic Force Microscopy and acid titration. Results indicated that indeed the organoamine groups were attached onto the silica surface, with a maximum loading of 2.9 mmol organic group per g silica. The materials …