Digital Commons Network^™

Keeping The Promise: Improving Access To Socioeconomic Rights In Africa, Nsongurua J. Udombana

Buffalo Human Rights Law Review

No abstract provided.

Satmed: Legal Aspects Of The Physical Layer Of Satellite Telemedicine, Stephen Rooke

Michigan Journal of International Law

In 2003, Paul Hunt, the U.N. Commission on Human Rights' Special Rapporteur on the Right to Health, presented a report on the global availability of health care. Special Rapporteur Hunt argued that states are obligated to implement a right to health. Included in this right is the obligation "to ensure that no international agreement or policy adversely impacts upon the right to health, and that .. . international organizations take due account of the right to health, as well as the obligation of international assistance and cooperation, in all policy-making matters." One area Hunt left unexplored in his report was …

Alumni Journal, Brian Spector, Melanie Deziel, Rick Burton, Renée Gearhart Levy, David Marc, James T. Bruen, Deborah Duncan, Jay Cox, Christine Yackel

Syracuse University Magazine

No abstract provided.

September 2012 World Transit Research Newsletter, Institute Of Transport Studies, Monash Universtiy

World Transit Research Newsletter

No abstract provided.

Breast Milk From Tanzanian Women Has Divergent Effects On Cell-Free And Cell-Associated Hiv-1 Infection In Vitro, Magdalena A. Lyimo, Matilda Ngarina Mosi, Molly L. Housman, Muhammad Zain-Ul-Abideen, Frederick V. Lee, Alexandra L. Howell, Ruth I. Connor

Dartmouth Scholarship

Transmission of HIV-1 during breastfeeding is a significant source of new pediatric infections in sub-Saharan Africa. Breast milk from HIV-positive mothers contains both cell-free and cell-associated virus; however, the impact of breast milk on HIV-1 infectivity remains poorly understood. In the present study, breast milk was collected from HIV-positive and HIV-negative Tanzanian women attending antenatal clinics in Dar es Salaam. Milk was analyzed for activity in vitro against both cell-free and cell-associated HIV-1. Potent inhibition of cell-free R5 and X4 HIV-1 occurred in the presence of milk from all donors regardless of HIV-1 serostatus. Inhibition of cell-free HIV-1 infection positively …

Commencement Convocation Exercises - August 2012, Prairie View A&M University

Commencement and Convocation Exercises

No abstract provided.

Islamophobia, Euro-Islam, Islamism And Post-Islamism: Changing Patterns Of Secularism In Europe, Peter O'Brien

Political Science Faculty Research

Modern secularism, as theorized by prominent liberal philosophers such as John Rawls and Jürgen Habermas, prescribes that the state should treat all religions equally on condition that they and their adherents relinquish their theocratic aspirations and recognize the political sovereignty and superiority of man-made law. Convinced that the secular bargain undermines the moral virtue of society and its members, a small, fragmented, but nevertheless conspicuous number of Islamists in Europe prefers to observe Islamic law in all walks of life, private and public. Alarmed by Islamists and informed by Orientalist readings of Islam, an increasingly vehement and vociferous contingent of …

Bethune Round Table 2012: 12th Annual Conference: Filling The Gap, A. A. Nasir, F. Niyonkuru, T. E. Nottidge, A. Olufemi Adeleye, S. Ali, E. A. Ameh, A. Bekele, I. Bonet, M. Derbew, S. O. Ekenze

Obstetrics and Gynaecology, East Africa

Background: Our aim was to highlight the impact of collaboration between 2 linked tertiary hospitals in Nigeria and India.

Methods: We conducted a review of a collaboration between the Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre (AIMS), Kochi, India, and the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital (UITH), Ilorin, Nigeria, to exchange personnel for the purpose of further training from August 2007 and December 2011.

Results: One neurosurgeon, 2 pediatric surgeons and 1 orthopedic surgeon had additional exposure at AIMS for periods of 3 months to 1 year. Four neurosurgery and 3 pediatric surgery perioperative nurses have also been trained …

Perceptual Framing Of Homeland Security, Linda Kiltz, James D. Ramsay

Security Studies & International Affairs - Daytona Beach

This article analyzes the phenomenon of homeland security through the development of four conceptual lenses that were created out of the existing literatures in criminal justice, public administration, organization behavior, risk management, international relations, and the overlap between them. Using terrorism as a proxy for the homeland security enterprise, these conceptual lenses include: (1) homeland security as a criminal justice problem which views terrorism as a crime; (2) homeland security as a international relations problem which views terrorism as a war; (3) homeland security as an organization design problem which views terrorism as a network of sub-state transnational actors; and …

Perceptual Framing Of Homeland Security, Linda Kiltz, James D. Ramsay

Applied Aviation Sciences - Daytona Beach

This article analyzes the phenomenon of homeland security through the development of four conceptual lenses that were created out of the existing literatures in criminal justice, public administration, organization behavior, risk management, international relations, and the overlap between them. Using terrorism as a proxy for the homeland security enterprise, these conceptual lenses include: (1) homeland security as a criminal justice problem which views terrorism as a crime; (2) homeland security as a international relations problem which views terrorism as a war; (3) homeland security as an organization design problem which views terrorism as a network of sub-state transnational actors; and …

Detention Of Terrorists In The Twenty-First Century, William K. Lietzau

International Law Studies

No abstract provided.

Correlation Between Morphological, Optical And Electrical Properties Of Zno:Al/Zno Double Layers And The Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Solar Cell Efficiencies, Pd Nsimama

Tanzania Journal of Science

The morphological, optical and electrical properties of magnetron sputtered ZnO:Al/ZnO double layers are reported and their correlations with their respective Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) solar cell efficiencies are presented. The ZnO:Al/ZnO double layers were produced by using the established baseline RF process and plasma emission monitoring (PEM) DC reactive sputtering. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) and atomic force microscope (AFM) were employed for the surface morphological measurements. The charge carrier concentrations, mobilities and AC resistivities were deduced from Drude’s model. The DC resistivities were determined from the four-point probe measurements. Transmittance and reflectance measurements were done by using the UV-VIS-NIR Lambda 900 …

A Technique For Identification Of Intrinsic Resistance Of Maize Varieties To Sitophilus Zeamais (Motsch.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Infestations, Cp Rugumamu

Tanzania Journal of Science

A new technique used to identify resistant maize varieties to the maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais (Motsch.) infestations is presented. It applies Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate- Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS - PAGE) of the insect fat body to determine the levels of fat body vitellogenin (FVg) in the vitellogenic S. zeamais females which were reared on different maize varieties. Results on levels of FVg varied and ranged from 83.33% to 43.33% in insects raised in different varieties ANOVA of FVg, maize weight loss and F1 numbers showed significant differences among the varieties at P<0.05. Maize weight loss and F1 numbers were positively correlated with FVg, r = 0.74 and 0.98, P< 0.05. The revealed amounts of FVg in S. zeamais obtained from the varieties indicated varying intrinsic resistance of the varieties to the insect pest. The varieties exhibited resistance in descending order: ZM 621>H 622> H 511> Situka 1> Situka M1 …

Paleoseismic Investigations Along The Bubu Fault, Dodoma-Tanzania, As Macheyeki, D Delvaux, Md Batist, A Mruma

Tanzania Journal of Science

The central part of Tanzania, Dodoma, was hit by an Mw= 5.5 earthquake in November 4, 2002. It was part of a swarm of moderate earthquakes that affected the area. This paper, reports the first attempt to investigate significant past earthquakes along one of the known seismically active riftfaults (Bubu fault, Gonga segment) by paleoseimological trenching. The trench revealed over 3 episodes of faulting (2 of which correspond to Mid-Holocene faulting). The magnitude of the largest earthquake illustrated in the trench is estimated at Mw = 6.3-6.4 and the slip rate between two recent faulting events is about 0.11 to …

Plains Gerbils (Gerbilliscus Robusta) As Food Of The Barn Owl (Tyto Alba) In The Serengeti Plains (Tanzania): Thirty-Six Years Later, Rbm Senzota

Tanzania Journal of Science

The barn owl (Tyto alba (Blyth 1862) roosts and nests in crevices and caves of kopjes (rock outcrops) of the Serengeti plains. Its major food in the 1970’s was found to be Gerbilliscus robusta (Cretschmer 1826) which inhabits the expansive grasslands surrounding the kopjes. In October 2012, pellets of the owl were collected from one of its roosting cave in the Gol Kopjes at the plains; the roosting cave was the same as one where a 1976 pellet collection was made. Collected intact and disintegrated pellets were weighed and sorted to identify and enumerate their contents. Morphometrics of sorted out …

Trophy Hunting And Trophy Size In Ugalla Game Reserve, Western Tanzania, P Wilfred

Tanzania Journal of Science

The present paper explores trends and variations in trophy size among wildlife species hunted in the Ugalla Game Reserve (UGR) of western Tanzania, in relation to hunting success (animals shot species-1 quota-1). Data on trophy hunting from 2006 – 2010 were obtained from the UGR office in Tabora Region. Forty-seven species were targeted by trophy hunters. Hunting success differed significantly across the species (Generalised Linear Model [GLM] with a binomial error structure: deviance chi-square [X2] = 9.64, d.f. = 44, p<0.001). Twenty-eight species had trophy size measurements, but only 6 species had measurements taken consistently throughout the data period. Although most of the shot animals were above their minimum trophy size limits (official trophy limits below which animals could not be removed) there was significant variation among species (GLM with normal errors: F5,201 = 509.12, p<0.001). Time (years) had no significant effect on trophy size, but the trend over time in trophy size differed significantly among species (F5,194 = 5.42, p<0.001). Of the trophy species, greater kudu (Tragelaphus strepsiceros) had the largest mean trophy size, whereas warthog (Phacochoerus africanus) had  the lowest trophy size and showed a considerable decline. The majority of the animals had trophy sizes hovering just above their minimum limits. This should be monitored rigorously to avoid removing large numbers of actively breeding animals.

Performance Of Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetland For Domestic Wastewater Treatment, Jp Mairi, Tj Lyimo, Kn Njau

Tanzania Journal of Science

Constructed wetlands (CW) have recently emerged as efficient technology for secondary treatment of wastewater in developing countries because of its low cost, ease operation, maintenance and generally good performance. At present there are a number of small scale units of CW for wastewater treatment in Tanzania but information on their performance is scarce. This study investigated the removal efficiency of fecal bacteria indicators, inorganic nutrients and Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) from wastewater by a CW at the University of Dar es Salaam. The CW received wastewater from a primary facultative pond and was a monoculture system planted with Phragmites mauritianus …

Electrical Properties Of Dc Reactive Magnetron Sputtered Zno:Al Films From Optical Spectra, Pd Nsimama, Me Samiji

Tanzania Journal of Science

Reactive direct current (DC) sputtered ZnO:Al films were prepared using the plasma emission monitoring (PEM) system. Films were deposited using PEM setpoints ranging from 50 to 80%. Transmittance and reflectance of the films were measured by using the UV-VIS-NIR Lambda 900 double beam spectrophotometer. The sheet resistance was measured using the four-point probe. Films optical spectra were fitted with the Drude model to determine their charge carrier concentration, mobility and the alternating current (AC) resistivity. The highest values of mobility and charge carrier concentration were 8.31cm2/Vs and 2.14 x 1021cm-3 respectively. The lowest value of the AC resistivity was given …

Wet Oxidation Of Maleic Acid By A Pumice Supported Copper (Ii) Shiff Base Catalyst, Jeg Mdoe, Raj Minja, L Daniel

Tanzania Journal of Science

Pumice supported Cu (II) Schiff base catalysts were prepared by surface chemical modification followed by complexation with Cu (II) acetate. The resulting materials were characterised by Diffuse Reflectance Fourier Transform Spectroscopy (DRIFTS) to confirm the modification. The materials were tested in a wet oxidation of maleic acid using air or hydrogen peroxide as an oxidant. Results indicate that up to 80% degradation of maleic acid could  be achieved in the presence of the catalyst using hydrogen peroxide as an oxidant. The degradation was found to depend on the type of oxidant, temperature and whether the parent pumice was acid pre-treated …

Ni Mineralization And Pge Characterization In The Kabanga And Luhuma Ni-Cu Sulfide Deposits, North West Tanzania, As Macheyeki

Tanzania Journal of Science

Nickel mineralization in the Kabanga sulfide ores is found associated with (1) peripheral veins in the country-rock metapelites, (2) contact type massive sulfide mineralization, and (3) disseminated and vein mineralization. This work, apart from giving general highlight of the Ni mineralization (and other associated elements) in the Kabanga and Luhuma, intends to assess the PGE content in both areas. Cores (mafic-ultramafic and metasedimentary rocks as well as ore sections) from both Kabanga and Luhuma areas were sampled, cut, crushed, pulverized and analyzed for both major and trace elements. Results show that all the Iridium Platimum Group Elements (IPGEs) have very …

Hunter-Gatherer Energetics And Human Obesity, Herman Pontzer, David A. Raichlen, Brian M. Wood, Audax Z. P. Mabulla, Susan B. Racette, Frank W. Marlowe

Publications and Research

Western lifestyles differ markedly from those of our hunter-gatherer ancestors, and these differences in diet and activity level are often implicated in the global obesity pandemic. However, few physiological data for hunter-gatherer populations are available to test these models of obesity. In this study, we used the doubly-labeled water method to measure total daily energy expenditure (kCal/day) in Hadza hunter-gatherers to test whether foragers expend more energy each day than their Western counterparts. As expected, physical activity level, PAL, was greater among Hadza foragers than among Westerners. Nonetheless, average daily energy expenditure of traditional Hadza foragers was no different than …

Sex-Specific Habitat Use And Responses To Fragmentation In An Endemic Chameleon Fauna, Philip Shirk

Theses and Dissertations

Chameleons are an understudied taxon facing many threats, including collection for the international pet trade and habitat loss and fragmentation. A recent field study reports a highly female-biased sex ratio in the Eastern Arc Endemic Usambara three horned chameleon, Trioceros deremensis, a large, sexually dimorphic species. This species is collected for the pet trade, and local collectors report males bring a higher price because only this sex has horns. Thus, sex ratios may vary due to differential rates of survival or harvesting. Alternatively, they may simply appear to be skewed if differences in habitat use biases detection of the sexes. …

News Makers - Next Door To The Cia, Walt Shepperd

Syracuse University Magazine

No abstract provided.

Endnotes Issue 16.2, Cisr Journal

The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction

Endnotes Issue 16.2

The Journal Of Erw And Mine Action Issue 16.2 (2012), Cisr Journal

The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction

SA/LW and Security | Organization Profiles | Urban Land Release in Libya | Notes from the Field

Unplanned Explosions At Munitions Sites: Concerns And Consequences, Eric Berman, Pilar Reina

The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction

Over the past 25 years there have been reports of more than 400 unplanned explosions at munitions sites in almost half the world's countries. The UEMS rate is quickly increasing. Whereas the Small Arms Survey's UEMS Database shows 70 such incidents for the 10-year period between 1987 and 1996, more than this number was registered in the past two years alone. These events occur in large part because states store their munitions improperly. This article reviews the direct and indirect consequences of these explosions on peace and security. It also notes steps states are taking—or should take—to improve practice in …

Spiritan Magazine Vol. 36 No. 3

Spiritan Magazine

No abstract provided.

From Africa To Europe And The World — Passing On What We Have Received, Francis Folleh

Spiritan Magazine

No abstract provided.

Theatre For Development - A Tanzanian Road Towards Citizenship And Cultural Renewal, Hilde Kvam

Journal of Urban Culture Research

During the 60s, Theatre for Development was introduced into several states in Africa. The focus at that time was to utilize theatre as a tool of communication in development projects. During the 80s Tanzania developed their own variant of this genre through the initiative of the University of Dar es Salaam's Department of Fine and Performing Arts offering lectures on Theatre for Development. They wanted to develop a supportive theatre and theatrical methods to improve the conditions in their communities. Self-determination and participation for the townspeople in the local conflict resolution process was the department's keywords. The basic idea was …

Hunter-Gatherer Energetics And Human Obesity, Herman Pontzer, David A. Raichlen, Brian M. Wood, Audax Z. P. Mabulla, Susan B. Racette, Frank W. Marlowe

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.