Digital Commons Network^™

Environmental Status At Samunge Village (Tanzania) Following A Sharp Increase In Visitors, R Senzota

Tanzania Journal of Science

Starting early 2011, people from all over Tanzania, Africa and overseas flocked Samunge Village in northern Tanzania, to drink a cup of Carissa spinarum concoction claimed to treat diseases hitherto known to be incurable by conventional medicine including HIV-AIDS, hypertension and diabetes. The big number of visitors resulted into vivid environmental impacts including trampling on plants and animals, unplanned discarding of drink and food containers, haphazard sanitation undertakings and overall change in panorama. The present study made some quantification on environmental status in the village during the peak visitor days in March 2011. There was widespread trampling and denudation of …

Mg-Rich Metabasalts From The Southern Musoma –Mara Greenstone Belt: Possible Evidence For Mantle Plume Activity In The Tanzania Craton?, S Manya

Tanzania Journal of Science

Mg-rich metabasalts from the Simba Sirori to Majimoto segment of the southern Musoma-Mara greenstone belt are the most magnesian lavas reported in the Archaean Tanzania Craton. The lavas yielded a Sm-Nd isochron age of 2768 ± 38 Ma (MSWD = 1.2) and corresponding !Nd(2.7 Ga) values in the range of + 0.66 to + 2.81. The lavas exhibit high MgO contents of up to 16 wt %, Cr (140 – 1590 ppm), Ni (80 – 510 ppm), values which are higher than those of primitive NMORB, but are comparable with those of Archaean komatiitic basalts and modern oceanic plateau basalts. …

Human-Wildlife Interaction In Serengeti And Ngorongoro Districts Of Tanzania: A Case Study On Small Mammals, Fj Magige

Tanzania Journal of Science

In the Serengeti and Ngorongoro Districts, small mammals are said to provide protein and income to the local people. However, they are simultaneously reported to conflict with farming activities. These conflicting aspects have not been investigated there. The present article considers humansmall mammal interactions in six villages adjacent to the protected areas. Data were obtained through questionnaire administration to the local people in the districts. Small mammals were hunted in the two districts for food purposes and some villagers declared that they were earning income from selling small mammals products. Seventy percent of the respondents in Serengeti District claimed that …

Improving Propagation Success Of Dalbegia Melanoxylon (African Blackwood) In Tanzania (I): Characterization Of Mycorrhizal Associated With D. Melanoxylon (African Blackwood) In Tanzania, Wba Washa, Ams Nyomora, Hvm Lyaruu

Tanzania Journal of Science

Dalbergia melanoxylon is a plant with valuable wood in the world and therefore is over harvested for timber while its regeneration is very low. The propagation efforts by techniques such as tissue culture or mycorrhiza have not been investigated which instigated conduction of this study. Soil and cuttings were collected from Kilwa, Kilosa and Babati for rooting test, potting media and soil characterization. The results showed that fresh soil improved rooting characteristics while sterilized soil did not due to the presence of mycorrhiza in fresh soil compared to none in sterilized media. The overall rooting in fresh soil in non-mist …

Improving Propagation Success Of D. Melanoxylon (African Blackwood) In Tanzania (Ii): Rooting Ability Of Stem And Root Cuttings Of Dalbergia Melanoxylon (African Blackwood) In Response To Rooting Media Sterilization In Tanzania, Wba Washa, Ams Nyomora, Hvm Lyaruu

Tanzania Journal of Science

Dalbergia melanoxylon is a plant with valuable wood in the world and therefore is over harvested for timber while its regeneration is very low. The propagation efforts by techniques such as tissue culture or mycorrhiza have not been investigated which instigated conduction of this study. Soil and cuttings were collected from Kilwa, Kilosa and Babati for rooting test, potting media and soil characterization. The results showed that fresh soil improved rooting characteristics while sterilized soil did not due to the presence of mycorrhiza in fresh soil compared to none in sterilized media. The overall rooting in fresh soil in non-mist …

The Influence Of Aliphatic Side Chain Of Anacardic Acid On Molecular Recognition Properties Of Imprinted Polymers, Jyn Philip, J Buchweishaija, Ll Mkayula, L Ye

Tanzania Journal of Science

The objective of this work was to determine the influence of the aliphatic side chain of anacardic acid on molecular recognition properties of imprinted polymers made from anacardanyl methacrylate (AnMcr). Salicylic methacrylate (SaMcr), a structural analog of AnMcr, was synthesized and used as a functional monomer to prepare imprinted polymers for comparison with AnMcr-based polymers. Using divinylbenzene (DVB) as a cross linker and racemic propranolol as a model template, irregular monolithic particles of poly(SaMcr-co-DVB)m were synthesized in toluene, and spherical beads of poly(SaMcr-co-DVB)b and poly(AnMcr-co-DVB)b weresynthesized in acetonitrile by precipitation polymerization. Although imprinted irregular monolithic particles, poly(SaMcr-co-DVB)m, tested in toluene …

Spectral Analysis Of Ground Magnetic Data In Magadi Area, Southern Kenya Rift, Jg Githiri, Jp Patel, Jo Barongo, Pk Karanja

Tanzania Journal of Science

The area surrounding Lake Magadi in the southern Kenya rift is characterized by hot springs that issue from fractures distributed along the shores of the lake. Presence of earthquake swarms that cluster in northern margin of Lake Magadi strongly indicate magmatic activity in the area. This study was done as a follow-up to investigate depth to the heat source possibly causing high seismic activity and high heat flow in the area. A ground magnetic survey was conducted to investigate geothermal potential of the area and a magnetic anomaly contour map prepared. Spectral analysis involving determining power spectrum was applied to …

Albuquerque Journal Interviews Moore About The Law Of Compassion, Jennifer Moore

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

A Perspective On Sea Level Rise And Coastal Storm Surge From Southern And Eastern Africa: A Case Study Near Durban, South Africa, Andrew A. Mather, Derek D. Stretch

East Africa

Recent coastal storms in southern Africa have highlighted the need for more proactive management of the coastline. Within the southern and eastern African region the availability of coastal information is poor. The greatest gap in information is the likely effects of a combination of severe sea storms and future sea level rise (SLR) on the shoreline. This lack of information creates a barrier to informed decision making. This research outlines a practical localized approach to this problem, which can be applied as a first order assessment within the region. In so doing it provides a cost effective and simple decision …

Humanitarian Law In Action Within Africa, Jennifer Moore

Faculty Book Display Case

In Humanitarian Law in Action within Africa, Jennifer Moore studies the role and application of humanitarian law by focusing on African countries that are emerging from civil wars. Moore offers an overview of international law, including its essential vocabulary, and describes four particular subfields of international law: international humanitarian law, international human rights law, international criminal law, and international refugee law. After setting forth this overview, Moore considers practical mechanisms to implement international humanitarian law, focusing specifically on the experiences of Uganda, Sierra Leone, and Burundi. Through the case studies of these countries, Moore describes transitional justice's fundamental components: …

Humanitarian Law In Action Within Africa, Jennifer Moore

Faculty Scholarship

I’m happy to share news of my book Humanitarian Law in Action within Africa, soon to be released by Oxford University Press.

The Somali Media And Their Peace-Building Potential, Terje S. Skjerdal

Bildhaan: An International Journal of Somali Studies

No abstract provided.

Effect Of Temperature And Relative Humidity On The Development And Fecundity Of Chilo Partellus (Swinhoe) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), A. Tamiru, E. Getu, B. Jembere, T. Bruce

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

The spotted stemborer, Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), is one of the most important insect pests attacking maize and sorghum in Ethiopia. Recent studies have indicated that the pest is spreading to new locations where it was not reported before. In the current study, laboratory investigations were carried out to determine the combined effect of different levels of relative humidity and temperature regimes on the development and fecundity of C. partellus, as these physical factors are known to play an important role in the life cycle of insects and adaptability to local climate. Developmental time, longevity, potential fecundity and realized …

The Rise And Fall Of Canadian Military Assistance In The Developing World, 1952–1971, Greg Donaghy

Canadian Military History

Since the end of the Second World War, military assistance has emerged as an important instrument of international diplomacy. Initially employed by the United States in Europe, Latin America and Asia for a variety of economic and political reasons in the mid-1940s, by the end of the decade American military assistance had been fashioned into a coherent program “whose principal goal was the containment of Communist expansion.” By the mid-1950s, both the Soviet Union and Communist China had responded with their own assistance programs designed to woo the developing states of Asia and Africa. As Britain and France dissolved their …

Neglected Tropical Diseases As Hidden Causes Of Cardiovascular Disease, Yasmin Moolani, Gene Bukhman, Peter J. Hotez

Microbiology, Immunology, and Tropical Medicine Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Bioecology Of The Mango Mealybug,Rastrococcus Iceryoides Green (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) And Its Associated Natural Enemies In Kenya And Tanzania, Chrysantus Mbi Tanga

All PhD Dissertations

Rastrococcus iceryoides Green (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), an alien invasive mealybug pest of Asian origin was first detected in Tanzania in 1989. This pest rapidly spread by the mid-1990s and was soon present in Coastal Kenya and Northern Malawi, where it has been regarded and remains a major pest of mango. Because of its novelty status, there was no information on its biology, ecology and its natural enemies that could aid development of management efforts. This study, therefore, was initiated to establish the bioecology of R. iceryoides and its natural enemies in Kenya and Tanzania, and to explore for efficient co-evolved natural …

Potential Of Oecophylla Longinoda (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) For Management Of Helopeltis Spp. (Hemiptera: Miridae) And Pseudotheraptus Wayi (Hemiptera: Coreidae) In Cashew In Tanzania, Moses Iwatasia Olotu

All PhD Dissertations

Cashew, Anacardium occidentale Linnaeus, is an economically important cash crop for more than 300,000 rural households in Tanzania. Its production is, however, severely constrained by infestation by sap-sucking insects such as Helopeltis anacardii Miller, H. Schoutedeni Reuter and Pseudotheraptus wayi Brown. The African weaver ant (AWA), Oecophylla longinoda Latreille, is an effective biocontrol agent of hemipteran pests in coconuts in Tanzania; but its efficacy for the control of sap-sucking insects, especially Helopeltis spp. and P. wayi, has not been investigated so far in cashew crops in Tanzania. Field trials were carried out at the Coast region of Tanzania to evaluate …

Apopo Annual Report 2012, Apopo

Global CWD Repository

In 2012, APOPO’s Mine Action Mozambique program delivered beyond set requirements and exceeded the expectations of the country’s national demining authority. APOPO fi nished its work in the Gaza province and declared it free of known minefi elds a year ahead of the initial schedule of 2013. This excellent achievement was realized due to the successful expansion of the program’s capacity. During the handover ceremony, HRH Princess Astrid of Belgium commended the work in Gaza as “a shining example of how national priorities can be achieved with the right partnerships, sustained effort and, most importantly, sheer human intent”.

The focus …

Culla Mi Gullah, Re-Imagining African American Female Artists And The Sea Islands: Exploring Africanisms And Religious Expressions In Creative Works, Rebekkah Mulholland

Master of Humanities Capstone Projects

While the Sea Islands have captured the interest of scholars and artists, especially since Zora Neale Hurston’s groundbreaking novel, Their Eyes Were Watching God (1937), this thesis provides a historiography of Africanisms and religious expressions explored in Gullah literary traditions within African-American women’s fiction, specifically with regards to the works of Julie Dash and Tina McElroy Ansa. Following Hurston’s example, during the 1980s Toni Morrison, Toni Cade Bambara and Paule Marshall further laid the groundwork for writers to signify upon. This qualitative study of Dash’s 1991 film and novel Daughters of the Dust (1997) along with Ansa’s novels Baby of …

The East African Community And Theclimate Change Agenda: An Inventory Of Theprogress, Hurdles, And Prospects, James Forole Jarso

PEEL Alumni Scholarship

This article details efforts to combat climate change within the framework of the nascent United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (“UNECA”). The discourse begins by providing a clear picture of the EAC’s establishment, membership, purpose, and mandate, and the relevance of the latter two to EAC’s climate change agenda. This is followed by a general overview of the evidence and impacts of climate change in the sub-region. In the substantive sections, the article takes stock of the achievements registered by the EAC in its efforts to address climate change in the sub-region, as well as the challenges impeding these efforts. …

Shaping The Operations Research Agenda For Antiretroviral-Based Prevention Products For Women: Gels And Rings, Martha Brady, C. Elizabeth Mcgrory

HIV and AIDS

This report summarizes discussions from a two-day international experts consultation meeting in 2012 on preparing for the successful introduction of women-centered antiretroviral-based HIV prevention methods. It examines the limits and expectations of operations research in antiretroviral health technologies.

Social Context Of Disclosing Hiv Test Results In Tanzania, Joe Lugalla, Stanley Yoder, Huruma Sigala, Charles Madihi

Institute for Educational Development, East Africa

This study sought to understand how individuals reveal their HIV test results to others and the ways in which social relations affect the disclosure process. The data were collected through open-ended interviews administered in Swahili to informants who had just been tested for HIV and to those who were living with HIV in Dar es Salaam and Iringa regions. Analysis shows that social relations influence the decisions individuals make about disclosure. Most people preferred to reveal their HIV status to close family members. Most also mentioned the fear of being rejected and discriminated against as major reasons for not disclosing …

Gesture Use By Free-Living Chimpanzees (Pan Troglodytes) Related To Partner Attentional State, Glee Larsen

Undergraduate Honors Theses

Both in the wild and in captivity, chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) use gesture to communicate with each other. The three modalities of gesture that chimpanzees use are auditory, tactile, and visual. Captive chimpanzees use gesture modalities appropriately according to the communicative partner's attentional state. A communicative partner is the target of the communicator's actions. A partner may be either paying attention (attending) or not paying attention (inattentive) to the chimpanzee who is attempting to communicate with them. The present study investigated whether a free-living population of chimpanzees use gesture modality appropriately to the partner's attentional state. Visual gestures depend …

Investigating Esl Teachers’ Classroom Based Assessment Practices In A Secondary School In Kenya, Grace Mukiru

Master of Education

Classroom Based assessment (CBA) is a crucial component in the ESL classroom. With this realization came the major shift toward using classroom assessment to promote learning rather than just to measure it. This study focused on developing a better understanding of ESL teachers' classroom based assessment practices in a public secondary school in Kenya. The study employed a qualitative case study design. Participants consisted of three ESL teachers .Data was collected through the qualitative semi-structured interview format, classroom observations, document analysis and informal conversations. Findings indicate that teachers have similar views about CBA being important and beneficial in assessing learners’ …

Student Teachers’ Use Of Self-Assessment In Learning Mathematics In Primary Teachers’ Colleges In Kampala District, Uganda, Richard B. Wanzala

Master of Education

Student self-assessment though acknowledged as a powerful technique for teaching and learning in higher institutions, is mostly overlooked. Student self-assessment occurs when students make judgments of their own work and performance based on evidences and explicit criteria for self-improvement. In teacher training institutions, student self-assessment is indispensable in the teaching and learning process. However, there is dismal performance and inefficiencies in learning Mathematics in colleges. This study explored student teachers’ use of self-assessment in learning of Mathematics in the two Primary Teachers’ Colleges (PTCs) in Kampala district, Uganda. For in-depth understanding of the study, literature was reviewed on studies related …

Students’ Perceptions Of Their Self-Efficacy In Mathematics In A Public School In Kenya, Dennis Ouma Olare

Master of Education

The purpose of this study was to find out students’ perceptions of their self-efficacy in mathematics. In the study, 104 form four students (83 boys and 20 girls) from a public rural coeducational school were surveyed using a modified version of Nielsen and Moore’s (2003) Mathematics Self-Efficacy Scale (MSES). Thereafter, eight students selected on the basis of their mean responses on the MSES were interviewed. Through descriptive statistics, it was found that students’ self-efficacy percepts in mathematics varied from 15 to 50 on a scale of 10 to 50. About one quarter of the students were found to be highly …

The Use Of Ict In Mathematics Teachers’ Practice In Secondary Schools In Tanzania, Veronica Sarungi

Master of Education

The purpose of this study was to explore how secondary mathematics teachers involved in a National ICT Project (NIP) use ICT in their teaching practice. A qualitative approach was used for the study which was done in one of the seven zones which make up NIP. Data was collected through interviews, document analysis and observation. In Tanzania, the National ICT Project aims to enhance teaching and learning of mathematics by providing ICT equipment, training and electronic content to secondary schools. However, availability of ICT will not improve learning on its own. The process through which ICT enhances teaching and learning …

Exploring Teacher Leadership Development In A Public Secondary School In Uganda, Stephen Olukor

Master of Education

Effective school leadership is currently associated with school improvement that enhances teaching and learning processes. School improvement is believed to be possible with teacher participation in leadership at the classroom and school organizational levels. To create a culture of reflective teaching and learning in a school requires a shift in perception of school leadership as actions of an individual called a head teacher to a process of collective influence. Schools need to put in place effective leadership development programmes for teachers. This study on teacher leadership development was conducted in one public secondary school in Uganda to explore how teacher …

Enhancing Esl Learners’ Reading Comprehension Through The Reading Strategy Of Prediction, Monica Ahabwe

Master of Education

The act of reading for comprehension is a demanding task as it requires coordination of a number of simultaneous tasks. Learners’ low proficiency in reading comprehension has been a major concern for English as a Second Language (ESL) teachers in Tanzania. This study explored how the reading strategy of prediction can be used to enhance ESL learners’ reading comprehension in a private secondary school Form One class in Tanzania. The study employed a qualitative collaborative action research design that involved a teacher-researcher and a cooperating teacher of English. The general approach to the study was based on the action research …

A Study Of How Secondary School Head Teachers Monitor And Evaluate Teachers In Their Own Schools, Charles Muhoro Murigu

Master of Education

The functions of M&E of teachers have been decentralized from the ministry to the school level. Head teachers have been mandated to conduct M&E of teachers in their schools. However, little is documented on how they carry out this role. The study explored how secondary school head teachers monitor and evaluate teachers in their schools. Specifically, the study sought the views of the head teachers on how they monitor and evaluate teachers in their schools. This study made use of both a fixed and flexible designs to collect data. Questionnaires were administered to 64 head teachers in Mombasa County, interviews …