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2012

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Uptake And Toxic Effects Of Surface Modified Nanomaterials In Freshwater Aquatic Organisms, Brandon Seda May 2012

Uptake And Toxic Effects Of Surface Modified Nanomaterials In Freshwater Aquatic Organisms, Brandon Seda

All Dissertations

Nanomaterials are a class of materials with unique properties due to their size, and the association of these properties with the toxicity of nanomaterials is poorly understood. The present study assessed the toxic effects of stable aqueous colloidal suspensions of three distinctly different classes of nanomaterials in aquatic organisms. The fullerene, C70, was stabilized through non-covalent surface modification with gallic acid. Toxicity of C70-gallic acid was confirmed to exhibit similar toxic effects as C60-fullerene, including changes in antioxidative processes in Daphnia magna. Daphnia magna fecundity was significantly reduced in 21d bioassays at C70-gallic concentrations below quantifiable limits (0.03 mg/L C70). …

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Similarity-Aware Query Processing And Optimization, Yasin Silva, Walid Aref, Per-Ake Larson, Mohamed Ali May 2012

Similarity-Aware Query Processing And Optimization, Yasin Silva, Walid Aref, Per-Ake Larson, Mohamed Ali

Cyber Center Technical Reports

Many application scenarios, e.g., marketing analysis, sensor networks, and
medical and biological applications, require or can significantly benefit from the
identification and processing of similarities in the data. Even though some work
has been done to extend the semantics of some operators, e.g., join and
selection, to be aware of data similarities; there has not been much study on the
role, interaction, and implementation of similarity-aware operations as first-class
database operators. The focus of this thesis work is the proposal and study of
several similarity-aware database operators and a systematic analysis of their
role as query operators, interactions, optimizations, and …

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Mechanistic Studies Of The Photoactive Protein Appa, Allison Laura Haigney May 2012

Mechanistic Studies Of The Photoactive Protein Appa, Allison Laura Haigney

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

The blue light using flavin (BLUF) domain proteins are a novel class of photosensors that bind flavin noncovalently in order to sense and respond to high intensity blue (450 nm) light. The transcriptional antirepressor AppA, is a BLUF photosensor that utilizes a non-covalently bound flavin chromophore which is unable to undergo large scale structural change upon light absorption in contrast to most photoreceptors such as rhodopsin, which undergo structural alterations such as trans/cis isomerization upon irradiation. It is thus of great interest to understand how the BLUF protein matrix senses and responds to flavin photoexcitation. In order to probe the …

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Biophysical Insights Into Amyloid Formation By Islet Amyloid Polypeptide, Peter James Marek May 2012

Biophysical Insights Into Amyloid Formation By Islet Amyloid Polypeptide, Peter James Marek

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

Amyloid deposition has been implicated to play a role in the pathology of over 40 human diseases including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, type 2 diabetes and systemic amyloidosis, to name a few. All amyloid fibrils are characterized by a cross &beta-pleated sheet structure with interstrand hydrogen bonds running parallel to the long axis of the fibril. Islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) is a 37-residue peptide hormone that is the major proteinaceous component of pancreatic islet amyloid deposition that develops during type 2 diabetes. These deposits have been shown to play a role in the decrease of islet mass and &beta-cell apoptosis, which are …

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Dual Role Of Chibby In Regulation Of Cell Growth And Mesenchymal-To-Epithelial Transition-Like Processes, Victoria Fischer May 2012

Dual Role Of Chibby In Regulation Of Cell Growth And Mesenchymal-To-Epithelial Transition-Like Processes, Victoria Fischer

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

The Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway is well known for its prominent role in tumorigenesis of colon cancers, but also of some other tumors. Beta-Catenin, the downstream mediator of canonical Wnt-signaling, is continuously degraded in the absence of Wnt signaling but stabilized upon activation of the pathway. Beta-Catenin then activates transcription of target genes in the nucleus, leading e.g. to proliferation, invasiveness and anoikis resistance, and can induce epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Apart from its function as a transcriptional coactivator, beta-catenin forms part of adherens junctions where it plays a pivotal role mediating the connection between the adherens junction protein E-cadherin and the …

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Host-Guest Approach For 1,6-Topochemical Polymerization Of Triacetylenes, Zhaobo Fan May 2012

Host-Guest Approach For 1,6-Topochemical Polymerization Of Triacetylenes, Zhaobo Fan

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

Since Shirakawa et al. discovered the promising electrical conductivity of polyacetylene in the 1970s, polyacetylenes and their analogous have been extensively explored as advanced materials. Among them, polytriacetylenes are a new class of conjugated polymers that can only be achieved by topochemical polymerization. Theoretically, topochemically polymerizing the triacetylene monomers is the most direct route to get polytriacetylene. However, the challenge in 1,6 polymerization is to get the suitable molecular spacing for the topochemical reaction. Host-guest strategy was developed to achieve the specific spacing suitable for topochemical polymerizations, such as 1,4 and 1,6- polymerizations. After optimizing the previous synthesis route and …

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Welfare And Warfare: Social Action For Algerian Migrants In Metropolitan France During The Algerian War, Elizabeth Caitlin Sloan May 2012

Welfare And Warfare: Social Action For Algerian Migrants In Metropolitan France During The Algerian War, Elizabeth Caitlin Sloan

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

This dissertation is a study of welfare services provided to Algerian migrants in France from the end of World War II through the Algerian War. The brutal war ending in Algerian independence in 1962 fell in the midst of thirty years of French industrialization fueled by the arrival of thousands of Algerian workers. It also followed over a century of definition and redefinition by the French state of what it meant that Algeria and France formed a single nation. In this period, Algerians' perceived cultural difference was the object of serious concern to state policy makers and local associations alike, …

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Conservation And Evolutionary Divergence In The Activity Of Receptor-Regulated Smads, Gina Sorrentino May 2012

Conservation And Evolutionary Divergence In The Activity Of Receptor-Regulated Smads, Gina Sorrentino

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

Activity of the TGFΒ pathway is essential to the establishment of body axes and tissue differentiation in bilaterians. Orthologs for core pathway members have been found in all metazoans. Uncertain homology of the body axes and tissues patterned by this pathway raises questions about the activities of these molecules across the metazoan tree. We focus on the principal canonical transduction proteins (R-Smads) of the TGFΒ pathway, which instruct both axial patterning and tissue differentiation in the developing embryo. We compare the activity of R-Smads from a cnidarian (Nematostella vectensis), an arthropod (Drosophila melanogaster), and a vertebrate (Xenopus laevis) in Xenopus …

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Tropical North Atlantic Sea Surface Temperature Variability Over The Last 2000 Years: High-Resolution Foraminiferal Mg/Ca Records From The Cariaco Basin, Venezuela, Jennifer Beth Wurtzel May 2012

Tropical North Atlantic Sea Surface Temperature Variability Over The Last 2000 Years: High-Resolution Foraminiferal Mg/Ca Records From The Cariaco Basin, Venezuela, Jennifer Beth Wurtzel

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

There are critical gaps in our understanding of tropical Atlantic climate variability on sub-decadal to centennial time scales for the past two millennia. This is in part due to the limited spatial and temporal extent of the instrumental record, but also due to a lack of tropical proxy records of sufficient length and resolution to establish a baseline range of variability, to which we can compare modern signals. This study presents a high-resolution marine sediment-derived reconstruction of seasonal tropical Atlantic SSTs from the Cariaco Basin, Venezuela, spanning the past two millennia that are correlated with instrumental sea surface temperatures (SSTs) …

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Morphological Control Of Poly(Ethylene Oxide)/Polystyrene Blend Thin Films By Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide, Xiameng Chen May 2012

Morphological Control Of Poly(Ethylene Oxide)/Polystyrene Blend Thin Films By Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide, Xiameng Chen

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

Polymer blend thin films have been paid great attention to technological applications including adhesion, coatings, liquid crystal alignment, electronics, optics, biotechnology, and sensors. In this thesis, I investigated the effect of supercritical CO2 (scCO2) as a green solvent for poly(ethylene oxide)/polystyrene (PEO/PS) blend thin films. We prepared a series of PEO/PS blend thin films with different PEO compositions thickness ranging from 20 nm to 50 nm. As a control experiment, we also processed the same PEO/PS films at high temperature (150 ??C) under vacuum. Comparison of these experimental results by using atomic force microscopy and optical microscopy clarified the significant …

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Physical Processes Contributing To Localized, Seasonal Hypoxic Conditions In The Bottom Waters Of Smithtown Bay, Long Island Sound, New York, Cassandra Leigh Bauer May 2012

Physical Processes Contributing To Localized, Seasonal Hypoxic Conditions In The Bottom Waters Of Smithtown Bay, Long Island Sound, New York, Cassandra Leigh Bauer

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

Summertime hypoxia regularly occurs in the bottom waters of Smithtown Bay, Long Island Sound. Hypoxia, defined in this study as <3.0 mg O2 L-1, is plaguing many of our coastal estuaries and can be detrimental to aquatic organisms. A generally accepted model for the cause of coastal hypoxia in temperate regions is the establishment of seasonal water column stratification and the introduction of anthropogenic nutrients from sewage treatment plants, combined sewer overflows, agricultural fertilizers, urban runoff, sediment remineralization, and atmospheric deposition. However, there are no major point sources of anthropogenic nitrogen that discharge directly into Smithtown Bay. Despite great efforts to reduce nitrogen loading into Long Island Sound, summertime hypoxia is a continuing occurrence in Smithtown Bay. While hypoxic conditions remain seasonally prevalent in the bay, the surrounding bottom waters have considerably higher concentrations of dissolved oxygen. This study examines the causes of hypoxia in Smithtown Bay and how the problem is more complex than the introduction of anthropogenic nitrogen. Strong, thermally controlled stratification and mid-depth pycnoclines inhibit vertical mixing and the replenishment of dissolved oxygen to bottom waters. The two headlands, Crane Neck and Eatons Neck, may be creating a partial boundary between the bay and the rest of the Sound, preventing lateral mixing. This results in weak currents and bottom stress and a limited exchange of water masses over a tidal cycle. Furthermore, the classical headland gyre setting may increase the residence time of suspended particulate material transported from land into Smithtown Bay. The trapped particulate material inside the bay will sink and increase the consumption of bottom water dissolved oxygen. It appears, from these results, that Smithtown Bay is physically predisposed to hypoxia. For this reason, it is likely that the current management solution to hypoxia of implementing total maximum daily loads of nitrogen will not alleviate the hypoxia problem in Smithtown Bay. | 111 pages

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Synthesis And Structural Characterization Of Main-Group Metal Coordination Networks, Debasis Banerjee May 2012

Synthesis And Structural Characterization Of Main-Group Metal Coordination Networks, Debasis Banerjee

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

Coordination Networks (CNs) or Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) are crystalline materials, composed of infinite arrays of metal ions, connected by functionalized organic linkers, forming chains, layers or 3-D networks. The exploratory synthesis and characterization of novel MOFs or CNs is of current interest, because of their potential applications across a broad range of technologies, including gas storage, separation, catalysis, and luminescence. A wide range of metal centers and functionalized organic linkers are used to form CNs or MOFs under different synthetic conditions, giving rise to unprecedented structural diversity. First row transition metal centers are often chosen because of their well-known coordination …

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The Relationship Between The Temperament Trait Of Sensory Processing Sensitivity And Emotional Reactivity, Jadwiga Anna Jagiellowicz May 2012

The Relationship Between The Temperament Trait Of Sensory Processing Sensitivity And Emotional Reactivity, Jadwiga Anna Jagiellowicz

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

The dissertation investigated the extent to which the temperament trait of sensory processing sensitivity (SPS) and its interaction with childhood environment, specifically parenting, predict response to emotional stimuli and its neural correlates. As SPS has been conceptualized (Aron and Aron, 1997; Aron, Aron, and Jagiellowicz, 2012), it is characterized by sensitivity to both external and internal stimuli, intense emotions, and a cognitive style characterized by a preference for elaborate processing of information. In Study 1, 101 participants (mean age 19.26; 68 females), selected from a larger pre-screened pool to represent the approximately upper and lower quartiles of SPS, viewed emotionally …

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The Antimicrobial Properties Of Zinc-Releasing Bioceramics, Xin He May 2012

The Antimicrobial Properties Of Zinc-Releasing Bioceramics, Xin He

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

Up to 80% of nosocomial infections are caused by biofilm-producing bacteria such as Staphylococci and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. These types of microorganisms can become resistant to antibiotics and are difficult to eliminate. As such, there is tremendous interest in developing bioactive implant materials that can help to minimize these post- operative infections. Using water-based chemistry, we developed an economical, biodegradable and biocompatible orthopedic implant material consisting of zinc- doped hydroxyapatite (HA), which mimics the main inorganic component of the bone. Because the crystallinity of HA is typically too compact for efficient drug release, we substituted calcium ions in HA with zinc …

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Polarization And Angle Dependence Of Fluorescence From Dye-Labeled Dna Molecules Adsorbed And Aligned On Surfaces, Yingzhan Gu May 2012

Polarization And Angle Dependence Of Fluorescence From Dye-Labeled Dna Molecules Adsorbed And Aligned On Surfaces, Yingzhan Gu

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

The absorption and emission of fluorescence radiation from oriented molecules are polarization and angular dependent, determined by the adsorption and emission dipole axes' alignment relative to the incident excitation direction and to the emission direction. In this study, DNA molecules are aligned on polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA)-coated silicon surfaces and their fluorescence behavior is studied for different dye molecules (SyBr Gold, Acridine Orange and YOYO)for both double-stranded and single-stranded DNA(dsDNA and ssDNA). The polarization dependence for different angles of incidence and orientations of the DNA molecules was measured and used to infer the binding modes of the dye molecules. The dsDNA molecules, …

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The Role Of Vitamin B1 And B12 In Controlling Phytoplankton Biomass, Diversity, And Dynamics, Florian Koch May 2012

The Role Of Vitamin B1 And B12 In Controlling Phytoplankton Biomass, Diversity, And Dynamics, Florian Koch

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

Most phytoplankton species have a requirement for one of the B-vitamins (B1 and B12). Prior studies have found low, picomolar, B-vitamin concentrations in the marine environment and have demonstrated that vitamin B12 can limit or co-limit phytoplankton growth in coastal and open ocean environments. The extent, to which vitamins influence plankton species succession, however has never been assessed. In addition no study has quantified vitamin uptake rates by marine plankton communities. My dissertation examined the role of vitamin B1 and B12 in the ecology of phytoplankton communities from the disparate ecosystems of the Gulf of Alaska and coastal waters of …

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Re-Schematizing Pre-Reflective Consciousness, Adam Kohler May 2012

Re-Schematizing Pre-Reflective Consciousness, Adam Kohler

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

This thesis aims at constructing an ontology of pre-reflective and reflective modes of consciousness in an attempt to understand how pre-reflective responses to certain stimuli become schematized through reflection. After mapping movements made in phenomenology that allow for the body to be our departure point for analysis, this paper focuses especially on the role that affectivity plays in motivating a reflective act, and how that reflective act may habituate new behaviors over time. To do so, I look to Jeffrey Schwartz's theory and research on his patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder, and through phenomenological methodology show why his Four-Step Method for …

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Faculty Perceptions Of Campus Diversity, Meghan K. Purdy May 2012

Faculty Perceptions Of Campus Diversity, Meghan K. Purdy

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

The primary purpose of this study was to assess faculty perceptions of campus diversity at Western Kentucky University. A Diversity Survey was developed and administered to faculty at Western Kentucky University. Responses from the 378 fulltime faculty members who completed the survey were used in this study. Composites including campus diversity climate, satisfaction with diversity effects, race, gender, and religion were formed from the survey items for use in the analyses. Results indicated that minority and women faculty perceive campus diversity less favorably than do majority and men faculty.

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Racemization Of Amino Acids In Teeth For The Determination Of Age, Andrea Lee Toll May 2012

Racemization Of Amino Acids In Teeth For The Determination Of Age, Andrea Lee Toll

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Instrumental to forensic investigations is the ability to identify unknown human remains providing key evidence to criminal cases, resolution to missing persons, and assistance in mass or natural disasters. Identification of remains in an effort to determine age is an area of forensics that has received considerable attention. Traditional methods in age determination such as morphology are often biased, antiquated, and frequently result in a large margin of error. Conversely, the emergence of new forensic techniques provide promise to reduce the margin of error in determining age. One such technique has focused on relating the extent of amino acid racemization …

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Hydro/Solvothermal Synthesis, Structures And Properties Of Metal-Organic Frameworks Based On S-Block Metals, Raj Kishore Vakiti May 2012

Hydro/Solvothermal Synthesis, Structures And Properties Of Metal-Organic Frameworks Based On S-Block Metals, Raj Kishore Vakiti

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Carbon dioxide removal from flue gases of power plants is critical for reduction of greenhouse gas emissions implicated in global warming. Metal Organic Frameworks (MOFs) promising potential applications in carbon dioxide capture due to their unique structural properties such as high porosity and high thermal stability. These MOFs have application in separation processes and gas storage. By the assembly of the organic ligands and metal oxide clusters, porous MOFs can be synthesized. The use of s-block metals such as calcium, magnesium and rubidium in porous materials is appealing because their ionic binding characters with organic ligands will general flexible MOFs. …

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Removal Of Heavy Metals Using Modified Limestone Media: Zinc And Cadmium, Keerthy Mandadi May 2012

Removal Of Heavy Metals Using Modified Limestone Media: Zinc And Cadmium, Keerthy Mandadi

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Heavy metal contamination is a serious concern throughout the world. Increased concentrations in drinking water have many negative impacts on human health. Limestone is an inexpensive and simple media for removing high concentrations of heavy metals from drinking water supplies. Ferric based media is commonly used to remove zinc, cadmium, lead, arsenic and other heavy metals. The drinking water standards set by the US EPA for cadmium, zinc and arsenic are 0.005 mg/L, 5 mg/L and 0.010 mg/L respectively. Bangladesh, parts of India, China and the United States have high concentrations of arsenic in drinking water. Although many technologies exist …

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Reducing Lead And Selenium From Drinking Water Using Limestone-Based Material, Sindhu Tumati May 2012

Reducing Lead And Selenium From Drinking Water Using Limestone-Based Material, Sindhu Tumati

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Contamination of drinking water with metals is a major problem facing many areas of United States and the World. There is a need for an inexpensive remediation technology for the removal of metals in drinking water that can be applied to small rural water systems. This research will focus on the development of a process for removal of select metals from drinking water by limestone-based material. Metals in drinking water considered for this research include lead and selenium. Limestone-based material has demonstrated the potential to reduce select metals (lead, cadmium and arsenic) in drinking water, with the additional benefit of …

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Sparsity Enhanced Spatial Resolution And Depth Localization In Diffuse Optical Tomography, Venkaiah C. Kavuri, Zi-Jing Lin, Fenghua Tian, Hanli Liu May 2012

Sparsity Enhanced Spatial Resolution And Depth Localization In Diffuse Optical Tomography, Venkaiah C. Kavuri, Zi-Jing Lin, Fenghua Tian, Hanli Liu

Bioengineering Faculty Publications - Archive

No abstract provided.

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Middle School Student Attitudes Towards Garden Based Learning: A Case Study At Park Middle School, Jake Arneson May 2012

Middle School Student Attitudes Towards Garden Based Learning: A Case Study At Park Middle School, Jake Arneson

Department of Environmental Studies: Undergraduate Student Theses

A case study was performed at a middle school in Lincoln Nebraska. The study centered around how to effectively implement an after school garden program through the Boys and Girls club on site at the school. The first year of the study showed low attendance numbers. The second year of the study recorded participation frequencies of individual students and gathered attitude assessments. The assessments were then matched with the participation frequencies in order to determine reasons for attending or not attending. The study found that social aspects and a feeling of importance of knowing how one grows and obtains food …

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Microcystin Toxin In Nebraska Lakes With Correlation Of Population And Agriculture Use, Kaitlyn Haras May 2012

Microcystin Toxin In Nebraska Lakes With Correlation Of Population And Agriculture Use, Kaitlyn Haras

Department of Environmental Studies: Undergraduate Student Theses

No abstract provided.

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Small-Wind And Residential Photovoltaic In Nebraska: Barriers To Development, Jerrod Bley May 2012

Small-Wind And Residential Photovoltaic In Nebraska: Barriers To Development, Jerrod Bley

Department of Environmental Studies: Undergraduate Student Theses

No abstract provided.

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Potential Effects Of Two Asian Carp Species On Pallid Sturgeon, Daniel Kent May 2012

Potential Effects Of Two Asian Carp Species On Pallid Sturgeon, Daniel Kent

Department of Environmental Studies: Undergraduate Student Theses

Invasive species have had a major impact all over the world in their introduced ranges. In the U.S., none has been more obvious than the Asian carp species Bighead carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis) and Silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix). Famous for their jumping abilities, these carp have also had a detrimental effect on many of our native fish species by out competing them for food sources. Asian carp are found in many of our central waterways and reside within the same range as one of our nation’s endangered fish species, the Pallid sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus albus). This is …

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Pharmacists' Role In Safe And Legal Medication Disposal, Allyson Lamb May 2012

Pharmacists' Role In Safe And Legal Medication Disposal, Allyson Lamb

Department of Environmental Studies: Undergraduate Student Theses

No abstract provided.

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Achieving Sustainability In The Craft Brewing Industry, Mike Boden May 2012

Achieving Sustainability In The Craft Brewing Industry, Mike Boden

Department of Environmental Studies: Undergraduate Student Theses

Continued growth in the craft brewing industry, coupled with natural resource limitations suggests the need for implementation of sustainable initiatives on a wide scale. These initiatives discussed include the areas of economic sustainability through cooperative growth and equilibrium, social sustainability through employee and community development, and environmental sustainability through energy and water conservation and renewable energy use. Specific techniques to achieve sustainability in the craft brewing industry are reviewed alongside case studies of craft breweries currently implementing these techniques. A sustainable metric is outlined for use in accomplishing these goals.

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Resource Distribution And The French Revolution, Louan Pagan May 2012

Resource Distribution And The French Revolution, Louan Pagan

Department of Environmental Studies: Undergraduate Student Theses

Throughout the centuries following the French Revolution (1789 -1799), social scientists and historians have attributed a myriad of causes to the sociopolitical upheaval. Food and beverages played a key role in the coming of French Revolution, for the people were in effect fighting for the right to have nutrition rather than for social or political ideals. Literary analysis of both primary and secondary sources illustrated the integral role of the peasant’s stomach to the uprising. The Enlightenment disillusionment of the royals, rising bread prices, discrepancy in food distribution both within and around Paris, and substandard quality of food, wine, and …

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