Digital Commons Network^™

Effects Of Uv Radiation And Salinity On The Intertidal Macroalgae Palmaria Palmata And Ulva Lactuca: Effects On Photosynthetic Performance, Growth And Pigments, Elizabeth Beauchamp

The Plymouth Student Scientist

The tolerance of Palmaria palmata and Ulva lactuca from two positions (upper and lower) of the shoreline to low salinity and Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) was assessed using chlorophyll fluorescence, relative growth rates, chlorophyll a (Chla) and carotenoid concentrations. Species differences and position on shore at collection were major factors in the ability to tolerate increases in UVR. Both species were found to have sensitivity to both UVR and low salinities, although P.palmata was more sensitive to treatment than Ulva. The ability to increase chlorophyll and carotenoid concentrations when under low salinities and Ultraviolet B (UVB) compared to normal salinity was …

Environmental Influence In Animal Contests, Mark Fox-Powell

The Plymouth Student Scientist

Contests between individual animals over the possession of particular limited resources have played an important role in shaping the evolution of life history, morphology and ecology of the vast majority of animal taxa. Whilst the phenomenon has been and continues to be extensively scrutinized via theory and experimentation, theses and predictions based on mathematics and optimality are frequently confounded by experimental observation. If successful demonstrations of evolutionarily stable strategies are to occur it is vital that the complex interplay of variables potentially affecting an animal‟s fighting ability are understood and controlled for experimentally. This review addresses the significance of external …

Epiphytes: A Study Of The History Of Forest Canopy Research, Sven Batke

The Plymouth Student Scientist

The development of new and more versatile access techniques is a major contributor to the continuously growing field of canopy research. Methods such as cranes, canopy walkways, hot-air balloons, ladders and rope access techniques enabled scientist for the first time to conduct proximate studies of canopy organisms. One of the most studied groups of canopy dwellers are epiphytes. With their versatile adaptations to a life above ground level and their vast abundance, epiphytes contribute profoundly to the forest diversity and ecosystem processes. Most epiphytes have species-specific habitat preference within individual phorophytes. However these preferences are limited by biotic and abiotic …

A Review Into The Role Of Voltage Gated Sodium Channels 1.8 And 1.9 In Pain States: And Medical Uses Of This Knowledge, Matt Morfey

The Plymouth Student Scientist

This review is aimed at discussing the role of voltage gated sodium channels (VGSC) Nav 1.8 and 1.9 in pain states. This involves establishing their role in pain states such as neuropathic and inflammatory pain, and which of these pain states the individual channels impact on and to what effect. Establishing this will involve an exploration of which neurones these channels are located around the body, sensory or nociceptive, as well how their activity impacts on their function. Also discussed will be how the routes of activation of these VGSC impacts on their role in pain sensation and detection within …

Pregabalin For Treating Painful Diabetic Neuropathy In Type 1 And Type 2 Diabetic Patients, Keri Kruckow

The Plymouth Student Scientist

Background: It has been estimated that chronic painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN) affects 1 in 6 (16.2%) of all diabetic patients (Diabetes UK, 2010) yet the symptoms of PDN continue to present a huge challenge in its management both for physicians and patients. Objectives: To ascertain whether pregabalin is effective as a treatment for relieving pain in PDN and to identify which dose: 150/300/600 mg/d is most effective. Search methods: ";Pregabalin"; and ";Painful Diabetic Neuropathy"; were entered into Pubmed and Scirus. ";Humans"; and ";randomised controlled trial"; were entered as limiters. The search was completed using the Athens log in through the …

Do Age And Conditions At Rehoming Affect Behaviour In Puppies?, Tamara Chamberlain

The Plymouth Student Scientist

Many dogs are abandoned, surrendered to rescue shelters or euthanised in the United Kingdom every year, with one of the most common reasons being undesirable behaviour. The age at which puppies are rehomed is widely thought to affect their behaviour. It has also been suggested that the conditions from which puppies are rehomed may increase the prevalence of some behaviours, such as fear. This study aimed to see if there are any management factors which can reduce the prevalence of undesirable behaviours in puppies. 65 puppy owners that attend puppy classes participated in this study. Owners of puppies from the …

Is There A Visitor Effect On Behaviour And Enclosure Use Of Mixed Bird Species In A Zoo Enclosure?, Katie Downes

The Plymouth Student Scientist

Potential visitor effects on captive animals are poorly understand, with most studies focused on non-human primates, it is an area of research which in recent years has become important as a way of understanding welfare in a captive environment. Research into how this effects birds in captivity is limited, therefore this study looks at whether visitor density effects behaviour and enclosure use in six different bird species including red-billed choughs, Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax northern lapwings, Vanellus vanellus, red-crested turacos, Tauraco erythrolophus, Madagascar teal, Anas bernieri, grey gulls, Larus modestus and one Palawan peacock pheasant, Polyplectron napoleonis all housed together in a …

Climatic Variation: Effects On Global Seabird Populations, Laura Draycott

The Plymouth Student Scientist

This review will identify and outline four dominant climatic systems and describe associated environmental factors including discussion of subsequent effects that they have on global seabird populations. Finally, the review will highlight studies which have investigated how environmental variations affect key behavioural adaptations of seabirds and the consequent effects on their life history traits.

The Health Benefits Of Tea Varieties From Camellia Sinensis, Katie Taylerson

The Plymouth Student Scientist

Background and aims: Varieties of tea from the plant Camellia sinensis have been consumed for around 50 centuries and today are a popular beverage worldwide. Over the past 30 years much research has gone into the medicinal properties and health benefits that these teas provide consumers. This review aims to consolidate the benefits of tea’s antioxidant and antimicrobial properties and evaluate the research to this date. Methods: This review plans to use the primary literature available from journals and online sources found using search engines. Most recent literature will be used primarily, as well as that from 10-20 years ago …

Measuring The Haemodynamic Responses Elicited In The Visual Cortex From Various Spatial And Temporal Frequencies Using Nirs, Thomas Bridge

The Plymouth Student Scientist

Previous research has found the optimum spatial and temporal frequency of a stimulus can elicit peak activation in the visual cortex. In this study eight participants looked at bullseye gratings with low and high spatial frequencies (0.5 & 3 c/deg) at varying temporal frequencies (1, 4, 8 & 30Hz). Their haemoglobin response in the visual cortex was recorded using Near Infra-red Spectroscopy (NIRS). Insignificant results were found in all measures, including oxygenated haemoglobin which reported F (1, 8, 5.63) = .75, p<.44. Trigonometric regression did illustrate increased visual activation when the bullseye grating was presented. It appears different frequencies can cause different haemodynamic response, but a larger sample and the elimination of disadvantages in NIRS is required to obtain significance.

Could Negative Affect Be 'Part' Of The 'Whole' Picture In Weak Central Coherence? A Study Of Weak Central Coherence And Its Relation To Affect And Autistic Traits, Warren Dunger

The Plymouth Student Scientist

Weak Central Coherence (WCC) is recognised as a major cognitive theory of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and is characterised by a processing bias for local information. Furthermore, individuals with ASD have been found to be more susceptible to depression and lower mood. Considering negative mood seems to result in better performance on detail-based processing tasks, the present study suggests that WCC could be a result of high levels of negative affect in ASD. This was explored in two experiments using a non-clinical sample with autistic traits. Experiment 1 involved manipulating mood, whereas Experiment 2 was a longitudinal study. The study‟s …

Michael W. Austin, Wise Stewards: Philosophical Foundations Of Christian Parenting, Michael T. Mcfall

Faith and Philosophy: Journal of the Society of Christian Philosophers

No abstract provided.

Microbial Co-Occurrence Relationships In The Human Microbiome, Karoline Faust, J. Fah Sathirapongsasuti, Jacques Izard, Dirk Gevers, Jeroen Raes, Curtis Huttenhower

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

The healthy microbiota show remarkable variability within and among individuals. In addition to external exposures, ecological relationships (both oppositional and symbiotic) between microbial inhabitants are important contributors to this variation. It is thus of interest to assess what relationships might exist among microbes and determine their underlying reasons. The initial Human Microbiome Project (HMP) cohort, comprising 239 individuals and 18 different microbial habitats, provides an unprecedented resource to detect, catalog, and analyze such relationships. Here, we applied an ensemble method based on multiple similarity measures in combination with generalized boosted linear models (GBLMs) to taxonomic marker (16S rRNA gene) profiles …

Tradeoffs Limit The Evolution Of Male Traits That Are Attractive To Females, William E. Wagner, Oliver M. Beckers, Amanda E. Tolle, Alexandra Basolo

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

Tradeoffs occur between a variety of traits in a diversity of organisms, and these tradeoffs can have major effects on ecological and evolutionary processes. Far less is known, however, about tradeoffs between male traits that affect mate attraction than about tradeoffs between other types of traits. Previous results indicate that females of the variable field cricket, Gryllus lineaticeps, prefer male songs with higher chirp rates and longer chirp durations. In the current study, we tested the hypothesis that a tradeoff between these traits affects the evolution of male song. The two traits were negatively correlated among full-sibling families, consistent with …

Medical Social Sciences. Their Potential Contributions To Medical Education Reforms In Saudi Arabia, Hussein M. Al-Borie

Saudi Medical Journal

This article emphasizes a holistic definition of health. It then introduces the concept of Medical social sciences, and drawing from the literature, argues for the inevitability of social sciences in medical education, especially in the health systems of developing countries including the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). This is followed by a brief history of medical education in KSA, and an examination of some important social science issues. Finally, this article suggests how a holistic approach involving inputs from the social and behavioral sciences could be incorporated into undergraduate medical education to produce medical professionals who could better meet the …

Knockdown Of The Cellular Protein Lrpprc Attenuates Hiv-1 Infection, Cameron J. Schweitzer, John M. Matthews, Christian J. Madson, Meghan R. Donnellan, Ronald Cerny, Michael Belshan

Department of Chemistry: Faculty Publications

HIV-1 exploits numerous host cellular pathways for productive infection. To identify novel factors involved in HIV-1 replication, HIV-1 integrase and matrix protein complexes were captured at 4 hours post infection for proteomic analysis using an affinity purification system. Leucine-rich PPR-motif containing (LRPPRC) protein, a cellular protein involved in mitochondrial function, cell metabolism, and cell-cycle progression was identified as one of the candidate HIV-1 factors. Coimmunoprecipitation RT-PCR experiments confirmed that LRPPRC associated with HIV-1 nucleic acids during the early steps of virus infection. To establish if LRPPRC was critical for HIV-1 infection, three independent LRPPRC knockdown cell lines were constructed (2.7, …

Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation Appears To Attenuate Particulate Air Pollution-Induced Cardiac Effects And Lipid Changes In Healthy Middle-Aged Adults, Haiyan Tong, Ana G. Rappold, David Diaz-Sanchez, Susan E. Steck, Jon Berntsen, Wayne E. Cascio, Robert B. Devlin, James M. Samet

Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Air pollution exposure has been associated with adverse cardiovascular health effects. Findings of a recent epidemiological study suggest that omega-3 fatty acid (fish oil) supplementation blunted cardiac responses to air pollution exposure.

OBJECTIVES: We conducted a randomized, controlled exposure study to evaluate the efficacy of fish oil supplements in attenuating adverse cardiac effects of exposure to concentrated ambient fine and ultrafine particulate matter (CAP).

METHODS: Twenty-nine healthy middle-aged participants (mean 58 ± 1 years of age) were supplemented in a randomized, double-blinded manner with 3 g/day of either fish oil or olive oil for 4 weeks before sequential chamber …

Biology, Saint Mary's College Of California

Undergraduate Academic Catalog

No abstract provided.

Environmental And Earth Science And Studies Programs, Saint Mary's College Of California

Undergraduate Academic Catalog

No abstract provided.

Education, Saint Mary's College Of California

Undergraduate Academic Catalog

No abstract provided.

Health Science, Saint Mary's College Of California

Undergraduate Academic Catalog

No abstract provided.

Integral Program, Saint Mary's College Of California

Undergraduate Academic Catalog

No abstract provided.

Mathematics And Computer Science, Saint Mary's College Of California

Undergraduate Academic Catalog

No abstract provided.

Kinesiology, Saint Mary's College Of California

Undergraduate Academic Catalog

No abstract provided.

Liberal And Civic Studies Program, Saint Mary's College Of California

Undergraduate Academic Catalog

No abstract provided.

January Term, Saint Mary's College Of California

Undergraduate Academic Catalog

No abstract provided.

Sociology, Saint Mary's College Of California

Undergraduate Academic Catalog

No abstract provided.

2+2 Pre-Nursing Program, Saint Mary's College Of California

Undergraduate Academic Catalog

No abstract provided.

Pre-Professional Curricula, Saint Mary's College Of California

Undergraduate Academic Catalog

No abstract provided.

Psychology, Saint Mary's College Of California

Undergraduate Academic Catalog

No abstract provided.