Digital Commons Network^™

Human Trafficking. Penalties.

Propositions

Increases prison sentences and fines for human trafficking convictions. Requires convicted human traffickers to register as sex offenders. Requires registered sex offenders to disclose Internet activities and identities. Fiscal Impact: Costs of a few million dollars annually to state and local governments for addressing human trafficking offenses. Potential increased annual fine revenue of a similar amount, dedicated primarily for human trafficking victims.

Three Strikes Law. Repeat Felony Offenders. Penalties.

Propositions

Revises law to impose life sentence only when new felony conviction is serious or violent. May authorize re-sentencing if third strike conviction was not serious or violent. Fiscal Impact: Ongoing state correctional savings of around $70 million annually, with even greater savings (up to $90 million) over the next couple of decades. These savings could vary significantly depending on future state actions.

Voter Information Guide For 2012, General Election

Propositions

No abstract provided.

The Effect Of A Dropout Prevention Program For Black High School Males In The Cleveland Metropolitan School District, RenéE T. Willis

ETD Archive

There is a new endangered species in this country - the black male. The education of the black male in the United States has recently garnered much-needed national attention. Two national reports in 2010 have heightened the awareness of the fact that the black male student is not successfully navigating our public school systems, often dropping out. Unfortunately, it now appears that this chorus of pessimism has entrenched itself in the minds of black boys, teachers, and even parents. At the very least, there are economic and moral reasons as to why we must help our black male students graduate …

Adverse Childhood Experiences (Aces), Service Use, And Service Helpfulness Among People Experiencing Homelessness, Heather Larkin Holloway, Jihyun Park

Social Welfare Faculty Scholarship

This study examines categories of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and service use backgrounds among a convenience sample of people experiencing homelessness (N = 224), using logistic regression analysis (n = 174) and descriptive and comparative analyses. Eighty-seven percent reported at least 1 of 10 ACEs prior to age 18. Over half (53.2%) reported 4 or more ACEs. Approximately half reported parental loss, emotional neglect, living with a substance abuser, and emotional abuse. ACEs were significantly correlated with one another. Among those who used prior services, ACEs predicted interpersonal prevention, clinical, and criminal justice services for emotional or substance …

Improving Community Adaptation Outcomes For Youth Graduating From Residential Mental Health Programs: A Synthesis Review (Summary), Gary Cameron, T. Smit-Quosai, Karen Frensch

Partnerships for Children and Families Project

The focus of this synthesis review was to understand the capacity of systems of care and integrated program models to foster successful community adaptation for children and youth graduating from children's residential mental health treatment.

Improving Community Adaptation Outcomes For Youth Graduating From Residential Mental Health Programs: A Synthesis Review (Full Report), Gary Cameron, T. Smit-Quosai, Karen Frensch

Partnerships for Children and Families Project

The focus of this synthesis review was to understand the capacity of systems of care and integrated program models to foster successful community adaptation for children and youth graduating from children's residential mental health treatment.

Anti-Trafficking Legislation In Sub-Saharan Africa: Analyzing The Role Of Coercion And Parental Responsibility, Ruby Andrew, Benjamin N. Lawrance

Annual Interdisciplinary Conference on Human Trafficking: 4th (2012)

This article discusses the effect of US and international support for local laws to combat child trafficking in sub-Saharan African states. The annual ranking of African anti-trafficking measures, produced by the US State Department’s Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons (OMCTP) in conjunction with the UN Office on Crime and Drugs, not only provides an important source of data but also creates a powerful incentive for African states to effect legislative change.

We argue that, although the US supports criminalization of traffickers and the OMCTP espouses laws to deter parental inducement to support trafficking activities, the implementation of …

Full Issue

Quidditas

No abstract provided.

School Improvements And Student Achievement: Teachers' Conceptions And Practices In An Urban School Community, Jendayi Johari Gardner

Wayne State University Dissertations

SCHOOL IMPROVEMENTS AND STUDENT ACHIEVEMENT:

TEACHERS' CONCEPTIONS AND PRACTICES IN AN URBAN SCHOOL COMMUNITY

by

JENDAYI JOHARI GARDNER

May 2012

Advisor: Dr. Jazlin Ebenezer

Major: Curriculum & Instruction

Degree: Doctor of Philosophy

This mixed-methods study is represented by three articles that examine student achievement. The articles were developed based on the following purposes: (1) to examine teachers' conceptions about student achievement; (2) to examine teacher practices for school improvement that reflects elements of a reform model; and (3) to examine teachers' conceptions about school improvement challenges. Individual interviews were administered to examine teachers' conceptions about student achievement and school improvement …

Medication-Assisted Treatment In Criminal Justice Agencies Affiliated With The Criminal Justice-Drug Abuse Treatment Studies (Cj-Dats): Availability, Barriers, And Intentions, Peter D. Friedmann, Randall Hoskinson Jr., Michael Gordon, Robert Schwartz, Timothy Kinlock, Kevin Knight, Patrick M. Flynn, Wayne N. Welsh, Lynda A.R. Stein, Stanley Sacks, Daniel J. O'Connell, Hannah K. Knudsen, Michael S. Shafer, Elizabeth Hall, Linda K. Frisman

Cancer Prevention Research Center Faculty Publications

Medication-assisted treatment (MAT) is underutilized in the treatment of drug-dependent, criminal justice populations. This study surveyed criminal justice agencies affiliated with the Criminal Justice Drug Abuse Treatment Studies (CJ-DATS) to assess use of MAT and factors influencing use of MAT. A convenience sample (N = 50) of criminal justice agency respondents (e.g., jails, prisons, parole/probation, and drug courts) completed a survey on MAT practices and attitudes. Pregnant women and individuals experiencing withdrawal were most likely to receive MAT for opiate dependence in jail or prison, whereas those reentering the community from jail or prison were the least likely to …

Response And Colloquy Concerning The Papers By Jack Balkin And David Strauss, David A. Strauss

Articles

No abstract provided.

Human Trafficking And Exploitation Of Children And Youth In The United States- Outcome Document, Katherine Kaufka Walts Jd

Center for the Human Rights of Children

The conference entitled, “Human Trafficking and Exploitation of Children and Youth in the United States,” was held at Loyola University Chicago on September 22-23, 2010, sponsored by the Center for the Human Rights of Children.

The purpose of the conference was to bring national, multi-sector and interdisciplinary experts and participants together to discuss the plight of children being trafficked to and within the United States. The goal of the conference was not only to present an overview of child trafficking in the United States, but also to provide an opportunity to initiate dialogue among a network of professionals and to …

The Unconstitutionality Of Urban Poverty, Dawinder S. Sidhu

Faculty Scholarship

This Article argues that the Thirteenth Amendment is a proper federal vehicle for correcting the conditions of the urban underclass. The Amendment, I posit, contemplates federal intervention in the state and local governments' handling of its most troubled areas. Such federal involvement is appropriate because those responsible for these physical areas have not ensured that their residents have the necessary predicates for full and independent participation in society. The Thirteenth Amendment, in other words, supports the federal government's establishment of a minimum floor of economic and educational conditions such that the urban underclass may possess meaningful horizontal and vertical liberty, …

Child Maltreatment Histories Among Female Inmate Reporting Inmate On Inmate Sexual Victimization In Prison: The Mediating Role Of Emotion Dysregulation, Kate Walsh, Valerie M. Gonsalves, Mario J. Scalora, Steve King, Patricia L. Hardyman

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Despite data indicating that child maltreatment (CM) in various forms is associated with adult sexual victimization among community women, few studies have explicitly explored how types of CM might relate to prison sexual victimization. Because little is known about how CM might give rise to prison sexual victimization, the present study also examined emotion dysregulation emanating from early abuse experiences as a potential mediator in the link between early CM and inmate-on-inmate prison sexual victimization. Approximately 168 incarcerated women completed self-report inventories assessing various types of childhood maltreatment, emotion dysregulation, and coerced or forced sexual experiences in prison. Nearly 77% …

Death Penalty.

Propositions

Repeals death penalty and replaces it with life imprisonment without possibility of parole. Applies retroactively to existing death sentences. Directs $100 million to law enforcement agencies for investigations of homicide and rape cases. Fiscal Impact: Ongoing state and county criminal justice savings of about $130 million annually within a few years, which could vary by tens of millions of dollars. One-time state costs of $100 million for local law enforcement grants.

Using Gis To Enhance Programs Serving Emancipated Youth Leaving Foster Care, Catherine Batsche, Steven Reader

Dean's Office Publications

This article describes a GIS prototype designed to assist with the identification and evaluation of housing that is affordable, safe, and effective in supporting the educational goals and parental status of youth transitioning from foster care following emancipation. Spatial analysis was used to identify rental properties based on three inclusion criteria (affordability, proximity to public transportation, and proximity to grocery stores), three exclusion criteria (areas of high crime, prostitution, and sexual predator residence), and three suitability criteria (proximity to health care, mental health care, and youth serving organizations). The results were applied to four different scenarios to test the utility …

Students' Perception Of Application Of Confidentiality In Counselling Practices In Selected Secondary Schools In Rivers State, Nigeria, W.J. Ubulom, E.W. Ubulom, M.D. Eremie

Contemporary Issues in Juvenile Justice

No abstract provided.

Wikileaks And Realpolitik, Kevin F. Steinmetz

Journal of Theoretical and Philosophical Criminology

No abstract provided.

Editor’S Statement, David Polizzi

Journal of Theoretical and Philosophical Criminology

No abstract provided.

Can One Paint Criminology?, Ronnie Lippens

Journal of Theoretical and Philosophical Criminology

No abstract provided.

Integrating Assumptions About Crime, People, And Society The Author’S Response To The Commentary Of Toward A Unified Criminology, Robert Agnew

Journal of Theoretical and Philosophical Criminology

No abstract provided.

Book Review: A Theory Of African American Offending: Race, Racism, And Crime, David Polizzi

Journal of Theoretical and Philosophical Criminology

No abstract provided.

Your Lethal Injection Bill: A Fight To The Death Over An Expensive Yellow Jacket, Woody R. Clermont

St. Thomas Law Review

This article reviews in detail the history of capital punishment, and the United States' constitutional proscription of "cruel and unusual" punishment. Examined are the Magna Carta of 1215, English Bill of Rights of 1689, and various bills of rights of the early American colonies, as they were critical to the Drafters' enlightened understanding of corporal punishment, which eschewed the barbaric and inhumane and culminated in the Eighth Amendment's prohibition of "cruel and unusual" punishment. Included, also, is an examination of the early cases alleging Eighth Amendment violations, for they developed the judiciary's determination of whether certain methods of capital punishment, …

What States Should Do To Provide A Meaningful Opportunity For Review And Release: Recognize Human Worth And Potential, Gerard Glynn, Ilona Vila

St. Thomas Law Review

This article begins with a detailed analysis of the Court's mandate in Graham, followed by a review of the science that influenced the Court's decision and an analysis of what states have done so far to comply with the mandate. Then, the article explores existing parole rules, followed by a discussion on the challenges minors face in proving their ability to rehabilitate despite the prison system's complicity in preventing such development. Based on the foregoing discussion and analysis, the authors propose a model statute that states should consider adopting for purposes of implementing the mandates in the Graham opinion.

What You Have Said In The Dark: The Evolution Of Media In The Courtroom And The New Challenges Of Containing The Jury's Information Space, Charles Nesson

St. Thomas Law Review

The trial system is in a form of crisis. Recently, the United States Supreme Court effectively recognized that we no longer have a jury system. Instead, we have a plea bargaining system with the remote possibility of a jury trial at the very tail end of that system. Given the pervasiveness of sensational news stories, the option of settlement may appear more attractive to a litigant because it avoids the public display that often accompanies high-profile trials. This also serves a benefit to nervous judges who, without the stress of a trial, may avoid the onslaught of media pressure for …

Requiring The State To Justify Supermax Confinement For Mentally Iii Prisoners: A Disability Discrimination Approach, Brittany Glidden, Laura L. Rovner

Sturm College of Law: Faculty Scholarship

The Eighth Amendment has long served as the traditional legal vehicle for challenging prison conditions, including long-term isolation or “supermax” confinement. As described by Hafemeister and George in their article, The Ninth Circle of Hell: An Eighth Amendment Analysis of Imposing Prolonged Supermax Solitary Confinement on Inmates with a Mental Illness, some prisoners with mental illness have prevailed in Eighth Amendment challenges to prolonged isolation. Yet an equal or greater number of these claims have been unsuccessful. This Essay considers why some of these cases fail, and suggests that one reason is that Eighth Amendment jurisprudence does not contain a …

Preferring Order To Justice, Laura L. Rovner, Jeanne Theoharis

Sturm College of Law: Faculty Scholarship

In the decade since 9/11, much has been written about the “War on Terror” and the lack of justice for people detained at Guantanamo or subjected to rendition and torture in CIA black sites. A central focus of the critique is the unreviewability of Executive branch action toward those detained and tried in military commissions. In those critiques, the federal courts are regularly celebrated for their due process and other rights protections. Yet in the past ten years, there has been little scrutiny of the hundreds of terrorism cases tried in the Article III courts and the state of the …

Management In The United States Government: Applying Management Techniques Toward Homeland Security Efforts, Debra Wilson

Master in Management for Public Safety and Homeland Security Professionals Master's Projects

The term homeland security has been defined by the National Strategy for Homeland Security (NSHS) as "a concerted national effort to prevent terrorist attacks within the United States, reduce America's vulnerability to terrorism, and minimize the damage and recover from attacks that do occur" (NSHS). The United States government has made countless attempts to protect the nation, some of which were successful. For the purpose of this paper, the United States government refers to all government agencies on the federal, state, and local levels. The task of securing the nation has been extremely complex and time consuming. There are times …

Criminology, 2012-2013, University Of South Florida St. Petersburg

Academic Learning Compacts

The Academic Learning Compact for 2012-2013 for Criminology.