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The Effect Of Phytoestrogens On Bone And T Cells Differentiation And Activity, Sahar Saadi Karieb

Other Faculty of Science and Engineering Theses

The fall in circulating oestrogen (E2) after the menopause leads to an increased rate of bone remodelling, excessive osteoclast activity and a greater fracture risk. Until recently hormone replacement therapy (HRT) was prescribed to post-menopausal women to prevent bone loss, however HRT is associated with an elevated incidence of cardiovascular disease, stroke and cancer. These side-effects led to an interest in naturally occurring compounds with oestrogenic action such as phytoestrogens (PEs), which are non-steroidal-plant derived compounds. Human trials and animal studies suggest a beneficial effect of PEs on bone mass, although their ability to modify osteoclast formation in response to …

Applications Of Spice Extracts And Other Hurdles To Improve Microbial Safety And Shelf- Life Of Cooked, High Fat Meat Products (Doner Kebab), Sahar Al-Kutby

Other Faculty of Science and Engineering Theses

There is a growing demand for safe and convenient meat products. The effect of natural spice extracts incorporated with other hurdles for controlling pathogenic bacteria and extending the shelf life of RTE doner kebab were investigated. A comprehensive literature review was undertaken to establish the status of microbial risk, use of additives, knowledge on oxidative deterioration and HACCP associated with meat products. The in vitro antioxidant and antibacterial activities of spice extracts were screened and compared. Cinnamon, clove, and sumac alcoholic extracts demonstrated strong antimicrobial effect, however, rosemary proved effective as antioxidant in a lamb fat model. An accelerated shelf …

Behaviour Profiling For Mobile Devices, Fudong Li

Other Faculty of Science and Engineering Theses

With more than 5 billion users globally, mobile devices have become ubiquitous in our daily life. The modern mobile handheld device is capable of providing many multimedia services through a wide range of applications over multiple networks as well as on the handheld device itself. These services are predominantly driven by data, which is increasingly associated with sensitive information. Such a trend raises the security requirement for reliable and robust verification techniques of users.This thesis explores the end-user verification requirements of mobile devices and proposes a novel Behaviour Profiling security framework for mobile devices. The research starts with a critical …

Dietary Intake And Factors Affecting Vitamin D Status Of Middle Eastern People In The Uk, Wassan Abdel-Jaleel Ahmed

Other Faculty of Science and Engineering Theses

Vitamin D is derived through the action of solar ultraviolet B radiation on skin and from a limited number of natural food sources, fortified foods and supplements. It is well known that vitamin D plays an active role for calcium and phosphorus absorption but there is also growing evidence of an association between vitamin D insufficiency and various chronic diseases. Middle Eastern populations are known to be at risk of vitamin D deficiency due to a diet low in vitamin D and low sunshine exposure. Obesity is also a risk factor since vitamin D is sequestered in body fat. This …

An Integrated Approach To Assess Impact Of Environmental Stress In Carp, Cyprinus Carpio L.: Biochemical, Genotoxic, Histopathological And Individual Level Effects, Sanaa A. Mustafa

Other Faculty of Science and Engineering Theses

Studies were undertaken to determine toxicological effects in a model species, Cyprinus carpio L. following hypoxic exposure either alone or in combination with representative heavy metal (i.e. copper; Cu) via a dietary route, at different levels of biological organisation (viz. biochemical, histological and individual level effects). Initially, the validation study of biological responses using a range of concentrations of dietary Cu as a relevant environmental contaminant was carried out (Chapter 3). The results showed a range of biological responses in exposed fish including significant genotoxic response as determined by induction of DNA strand breaks (i.e. the Comet assay) with bacterial …

Towards The Affect Of Intimacy, Juergen Moritz

Other Faculty of Arts, Humanities and Business Theses

Abstract This thesis explores the trajectory that the developing technological fields of Ambient Intelligence and Persuasive Technologies introduce new intricate relationships beyond fundamental use and availability because they change our abilities to act. Since its classic articulation by Hegel (1927) philosophical explication of the relationship between people and technology states that technology is a mediating factor between people and the world. Associated with this view, which has characterized the resulting phenomenology and philosophy of technology for nearly two decades, is an understanding of technology as a form of alienation. In this dissertation the author shows how this old interpretation of …

Life Expansion: Toward An Artistic, Design-Based Theory Of The Transhuman / Posthuman, Natasha Vita-More

Other Faculty of Arts, Humanities and Business Theses

The thesis’ study of life expansion proposes a framework for artistic, design-based approaches concerned with prolonging human life and sustaining personal identity. To delineate the topic: life expansion means increasing the length of time a person is alive and diversifying the matter in which a person exists. For human life, the length of time is bounded by a single century and its matter is tied to biology. Life expansion is located in the domain of human enhancement, distinctly linked to technological interfaces with biology. The thesis identifies human-computer interaction and the potential of emerging and speculative technologies as seeding the …

Image And Evidence: The Study Of Attention Through The Combined Lenses Of Neuroscience And Art, Ellen K. Levy

Other Faculty of Arts, Humanities and Business Theses

This study proposed that new insights about attention, including its phenomenon and pathology, would be provided by combining perspectives of the neurobiological discourse about attention with analyses of artworks that exploit the constraints of the attentional system. To advance the central argument that art offers a training ground for the attentional system, a wide range of contemporary art was analysed in light of specific tasks invoked. The kinds of cognitive tasks these works initiate with respect to the attentional system have been particularly critical to this research. Attention was explored within the context of transdisciplinary art practices, varied circumstances of …

The Evaluation Of Novel Bio-Ethanol Derived Co-Products As Potential Feed Ingredients For Carp Cyprinus Carpio And Tilapia Oreochromis Niloticus, Samd Sofy Omar

Other Faculty of Science and Engineering Theses

The evaluation of novel Bio-ethanol derived co-products as potential feed ingredients for carp Cyprinus carpio and Tilapia Oreochromis nilitocus Samad S. Omar Abstract The nutritional value of novel yeast products were evaluated for warmwater fish species. A yeast co-product (yeast protein concentrate unrefined (YPCU)) obtained from a bio-ethanol process using wheat was tested using iso-nitrogenous (38% crude protein) and iso-lipidic (8%) diets for juvenile mirror carp (Cyprinus carpio). The fishmeal (FM) protein component of a basal diet was replaced by (YPCU) at 7.5, 15, 20, and 50% of total dietary protein. After an 8 week feeding trial, all fish fed …

Characterization Of Cholinesterase Activities For Pesticide Exposure In Food Animals, Kasim Sakran Abass Askar

Other Faculty of Science and Engineering Theses

The primary aim of the work described in this thesis is to establish a foundation for the applicability of a biochemical biomarker, cholinesterase (ChE) activity in food animal species, as an instrument for evaluating exposure to pollutants as well as predicting high-level effects on public health. Secondary aims are to increase the awareness of pesticide users of anti-ChE exposure, to decide whether poisoning episodes involve anti-ChE by measuring residual effects in tissues, and to identify sources of contamination in food animal tissues. The ChE are specialized carboxylic ester hydrolases that break down esters of choline. They are classified as either …

Not Just Ticking The Box: An Investigation Into Safeguarding Adults Training Transfer In Cornwall, Uk, Lindsey Anne Pike

School of Health Professions Theses

Safeguarding adults is a priority in adult social care, and training is one of the main ways in which policy and guidance around it is implemented. Training transfer refers to the use of new learning on the job, and while the transfer literature is well developed, it does not extend to safeguarding adults training. This research aimed to identify, develop and refine a programme theory of safeguarding adults training transfer by identifying factors that facilitate or inhibit the use of safeguarding adults training in practice, and the impact that the training has. A cross sectional mixed methods realist synthesis approach …

Empathy: Its Significance And Monitoring In The Dietetic Consultation For Chronic Disease Management, Tracey Parkin

School of Health Professions Theses

Communication between the patient and healthcare professional is pivotal in enabling effective self-care management to occur (Street et al., 2009) which in turn leads to improved health outcomes (Kravitz et al., 1993). However, there is little published data exploring the most effective tools for evaluating whether these communication skills occur and what particular attributes enhance the process (Goodchild, Skinner & Parkin, 2005; Heisler et al., 2003; Parkin & Skinner, 2003). This study aims to identify patient-centred communication skills occurring in consultations and to explore their link with a tool-recording agreement on reported decisions made. Quantitative analysis was conducted on 86 …

Non-Transferrin-Bound Iron And Protein Glycation In Type 2 Diabetes, Desley White

School of Health Professions Theses

Background and Methods The involvement of iron in the risk for, and complications of, type 2 diabetes has generated substantial interest over the past 15 years, initially sparked by an association with raised serum ferritin, and the observation that people with iron overload diseases frequently develop diabetes. Considerable advances have since been made in understanding the effect glucose has on molecules, cells, and tissues; and the role that oxidative stress plays in the development of the pathologies of long-term diabetes. Poorly liganded iron is potentially both a contributor to, and consequence of, these complications. In vitro experiments with glucose-incubated transferrin …

Facing The Challenge? Creative Tourism In Croatia, Daniela Angelina Jelinčić, Ana Žuvela

Journal of Tourism Consumption and Practice

In the last decade, creativity has become a buzz word in developmental context, from creative industries, creative classes, creative economy, creative cities, creative business, creative governance to creative tourism. Creative industries have often been used in the context of creative cities’ development creating their image internationally especially through tourism. In order to attract visitors, a new type of tourism has been developed: creative tourism. The article questions its definition as it also questions the need of cities to be re-branded through creative tourism. Two Croatian case studies are featured as to re-think the position of creative tourism in local development: …

Boosting Potential Creative Tourism Resources: The Case Of Siby (Mali), Lénia Marques

Journal of Tourism Consumption and Practice

This paper further develops the conceptual framework for creative tourism, discussing the co-creation of experiences and the identification of potential resources for creative tourism development. The case of the village of Siby, in Mali, West Africa, illustrates the development of tourism and creativity in a non-western, rural environment, where creative tourism experiences can emerge spontaneously. The impacts of creative tourism are analysed and the need for more specific policies is highlighted, particularly in view of the inherent risks in creative tourism development.

Integrated Biomarker And Molecular Responses In Marine Bivalve Following Exposure To Environmental Contaminants: Implications For Human And Environmental Health, Yanan Di

Other Faculty of Science and Engineering Theses

Environmental genotoxicants/carcinogens in the aquatic environment induce complex detrimental impacts on aquatic organisms. Integrated approach is required to comprehensively assess such impacts in terms of animal and environmental health. Biomarkers at different levels of biological organisations, including clearance rates (at individual level), histopathological alterations (at tissue level), DNA strand breaks using comet assay (at cellular level) and transcriptional alterations of key genes determined by real-time quantitative PCR (at molecular level), were designed and applied to analyse the impacts in marine bivalve: Mytilus sp., a classic bio-indicator species for environmental health monitoring, following exposure to selected environmental contaminants (i.e. Benzo(α)Pyrene (B(α)P), …

An Agent-Based Approach For Improving The Performance Of Distributed Business Processes In Maritime Port Community, Loay Abdul-Mageed

Other Faculty of Science and Engineering Theses

In the recent years, the concept of “port community” has been adopted by the maritime transport industry in order to achieve a higher degree of coordination and cooperation amongst organizations involved in the transfer of goods through the port area. The business processes of the port community supply chain form a complicated process which involves several process steps, multiple actors, and numerous information exchanges. One of the widely used applications of ICT in ports is the Port Community System (PCS) which is implemented in ports in order to reduce paperwork and to facilitate the information flow related to port operations …

The Effects Of Lactobacillus Plantarum Ncimb 41607 On Salmonella Infection And The Microbial Population In The Gastrointestinal Tract Of The Chicken, Nabil Ali Wali

Other Faculty of Science and Engineering Theses

Salmonellosis is a foodborne disease, poultry and poultry products are the main source of the disease. Many countries including Iraq still use antibiotics to control Salmonella. The increase in antibiotic resistant bacteria putatively caused by the overuse of antibiotics in agriculture has provided the incentive to look for alterna-tives to antibiotic to control diseases in livestock. Lactic acid bacteria with probiotic characteristics have the potential to beneficially affect the gut microflora of chick-ens and help reduce the incidence of Salmonella infection. In this study, Lactobacillus plantarum NCIMB 41607 was examined in vitro for in-hibitory effects against Salmonella and in vivo …

Relating Genotoxicity To Dna Repair And Reproductive Success In Zebrafish (Danio Rerio) Exposed To Environmental Toxicants, Helena C. Reinardy

Other Faculty of Science and Engineering Theses

The potential for environmental toxicants to cause genetic damage (genotoxicity) in organisms is a prominent concern because effects on DNA can compromise reproductive success and survival in organisms. Genotoxicity in male germ cells is of particular concern because damage to DNA in sperm may not be repaired and the consequences of damaged genetic material may be transgenerational (from parent to offspring). An integrated approach across multiple levels of biological organization is necessary to establish linkages between exposure to genotoxicants and subsequent effects at molecular and higher levels of biological organization. This thesis addresses the relation between toxicant-induced genotoxicity and reproductive …

A Gis Based Spatial Decision Support System For Landscape Character Assessment, Faye Elanor Davey

Other Faculty of Science and Engineering Theses

Landscape Character Assessment (LCA) provides a structured approach to identifying the character and distinctiveness about the landscape. It is a tool used to identify what makes a location unique, a set of techniques and procedures used to map differences between landscapes based on their physical, cultural and historical characteristics. Although the UK has committed to assessing all of its landscapes by signing the European Landscape Convention in 2006, only 60% of coverage has been achieved. The majority of LCAs are carried out by professional environment or landscape consultancies rather than ‘in-house’. Geographical Information Systems are increasingly being used to collate …

A Garden In Her Cups: Botanical Medicines Of The Anglo-American Home, C.1580 – 1800, Bruna Gushurst-Moore

Other Faculty of Arts, Humanities and Business Theses

This thesis focuses on the domestic use of plant-based medicines within Early Modern English and Colonial American households, and establishes the defining framework of a domestic botanical culture. It reconstructs the relationship between domestic, popular, and learned medical cultures to reveal the breadth of that practice, demonstrating the unique characteristics of the domestic culture which are underpinned by a shared canon of herbs and a high degree of flexible adaptability by individual practitioners. The botanicals (medicinal plants and the remedies made from them) are themselves analysed through the genres of household receipt book manuscripts, private letters, and journals, as well …

Spirited Measures And Victorian Hangovers: Public Attitudes To Alcohol, The Law And Moral Regulation., Henry Yeomans

Other Faculty of Arts, Humanities and Business Theses

From alarm about the prospect of ‘twenty-four drinking’ to campaigns for a minimum price per unit, the last decade has shown that alcohol consumption is an inflammatory issue in this country. It has become commonplace to hear that drinking is ‘out of control’ and that it is a new and worsening problem largely unique to Britain. However, comparative research reveals that alcohol consumption in Britain is not unusually high and even a cursory glance at history shows that extreme bouts of alarm about drinking have been common on these shores since at least the eighteenth century. What is at the …

Cisplatin-Induced Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome And Successful Re-Treatment In A Patient With Non-Seminomatous Germ Cell Tumor: A Case Report, Muhammad Nauman Zahir, Nehal Masood, Munira Shabbir-Moosajee

Department of Radiation Oncology

UNLABELLED: Introduction: Cisplatin is a platinum compound that has revolutionized the treatment of various solid organ tumors. Cisplatin is associated with a variety of side effects and has recently been indicted in the development of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome is a potentially reversible condition, with the mainstay of therapy being correction of the underlying cause and withdrawal of the offending drug. However, there are no clear guidelines regarding the possibility of subsequent re-treatment with the causative agent.CASE PRESENTATION: A 23-year-old Asian man presented to our Emergency Department with a four-month history of concomitant abdominal pain and …

Outcome Of Febrile Neutropenic Patients On Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor In A Tertiary Care Hospital, Asif Husain Osmani, Tayyaba Zehra Ansari, Nehal Masood, Bilal Ahmed

Department of Radiation Oncology

Introduction: Febrile neutropenia is a relatively frequent event in cancer patients treated with chemotherapy and improvement in absolute neutrophil count (ANC) has been linked directly to improved outcome. Evaluation of granulocyte colony stimulating factors (GCSFs) for treatment has shown reduced incidences of episodes of prolonged neutropenia and protracted hospitalization. To determine absolute neutrophil counts with GCSF in febrile neutropenic cancer patients admitted to a tertiary care centre and to co-relate the improvement in ANC with mortality and hospital discharge.Methods: A prospective cross sectional study was carried at an oncology ward at Aga Khan University hospital from January 2010 to June …

Coconuts And The Emergence Of Violence In Sulu: Beyond Resource Competitionpparadigms, Yancey Orr

Environmental Science and Policy: Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

A Systematic Review Of Interventions In Primary Care To Improve Health Literacy For Chronic Disease Behavioral Risk Factors, J Taggart, A Williams, S Dennis, A Newall, T Shortus, N Zwar, E Denny-Wilson, M Harris

Nursing Papers and Journal Articles

Background: To evaluate the effectiveness of interventions used in primary care to improve health literacy for change in smoking, nutrition, alcohol, physical activity and weight (SNAPW).

Methods: A systematic review of intervention studies that included outcomes for health literacy and SNAPW behavioral risk behaviors implemented in primary care settings.

We searched the Cochrane Library, Johanna Briggs Institute, Medline, Embase, CINAHL, Psychinfo, Web of Science, Scopus, APAIS, Australasian Medical Index, Google Scholar, Community of Science and four targeted journals (Patient Education and Counseling, Health Education and Behaviour, American Journal of Preventive Medicine and Preventive Medicine).

Study inclusion criteria: Adults over 18 …

Is There Scope For Community Health Nurses To Address Lifestyle Risk Factors? The Community Nursing Snap Trial, B Chan, R Laws, A Williams, G Davies, M Fanaian, M Harris, Cn Snap Project Team

Nursing Papers and Journal Articles

Background: This paper examines the opportunity and need for lifestyle interventions for patients attending generalist community nursing services in Australia. This will help determine the scope for risk factor management within community health care by generalist community nurses (GCNs).

Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study conducted in four generalist community nursing services in NSW, Australia. Prior to service contacts, clients were offered a computer-assisted telephone interview to collect baseline data on socio-demographics, health conditions, smoking status, physical activity levels, alcohol consumption, height and weight, fruit and vegetable intake and 'readiness-to-change' for lifestyle risk factors.

Results: 804 clients participated (a response …

La Notion D’Appartenance Ethnoculturelle Dans La Recherche Et L’Intervention En Réadaptation: Un Bilan Des Connaissances, Daniel Côté

États de la question, rapports d’expertise et revues de littérature

Au Canada, avec le vieillissement de la main-d’œuvre et le faible taux de natalité, l’État doit faire appel à l’immigration pour éviter une croissance négative de la population et pour combler les besoins de main-d’œuvre de l’industrie. Il est rapporté que les immigrants et les personnes issues des minorités ethnoculturelles présentent une vulnérabilité accrue face aux risques liés à la SST et à l’incapacité prolongée. Cependant, très peu de choses sont connues sur les dynamiques sous-jacentes à ces groupes plus vulnérables, sur l’évolution de leurs conditions de vie, leur état de santé et sur les difficultés auxquelles ils peuvent faire …

Dentoalveolar Heights In Skeletal Class I Normodivergent Facial Patterns, Zafar-Ul-Islam, Attiya Shaikh, Mubassar Fida

Section of Dental-Oral Maxillofacial Surgery

OBJECTIVE: To determine the dentoalveolar heights (mm) in skeletal class I normodivergent facial pattern and compare the same heights in male and female subjects.

STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional observational study.

PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: Orthodontics Clinic, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, from July to October 2009.

METHODOLOGY: Eighty one subjects were selected from the orthodontic record at the Aga Khan University Hospital Karachi. The inclusion criteria were an age range of 12 to 30 years and skeletal class I normodivergent facial pattern with exclusion criteria of prior orthodontic treatment, restored teeth and craniofacial anomalies/syndromes. The pre-treatment cephalographs of the …

Oliver Twist And Inklings Of ‘Grotesque’, Ehsan Hafezi Kermani, Roshanak Fazli

Khazar Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

Oliver Twist is a novel in which the society of pilfers and felons were reconnoitered uninvited by a young boy whose name is Oliver in the Victorian period. He as an orphan faces with dissimilar circumstances that are concealed to the eyes of the conventional people. Dickens, as the narrator of the story, has logged those absurdities and clumsiness in his novel. Dickens uses the idea of grotesque to display the conditions and the scenes to alert people in forms of comic and tragic. Dearth, poverty, lives of thieves, and whatever ensued in his time are dexterously exhibited in this …