Digital Commons Network^™

The Natural Law Bridge Between Private Law And Public International Law, Richard A. Epstein

Chicago Journal of International Law

One key similarity between natural law and international law is that they seek to obtain a stable social order without the intervention of any state authority capable of issuing and enforcing its commands to those subject to its rule. Among ordinary individuals in a state of nature that weakness tends to lead to a stripped-down libertarian regime that features simple rules of acquisition, contract, and protection. The system gains its relative stability from the brute fact that between rough equals the part in the defensive posture will win out, so that great disparities in power are needed to disrupt the …

Legal Aspects Of The Security-Development Nexus: International Administrative Law As A Check On The Use Of Development Assistance In The "War On Terror", Graham Mayeda

Chicago Journal of International Law

When delivering international development assistance, states should not be able to place the goal of protecting their citizens from transnational terrorism above that of alleviating poverty in developing countries. And yet this is precisely what they do on a regular basis when they use their policy on international development assistance to achieve security goals, as Canada, the US, and the UK have done in Iraq and Afghanistan. This is bad development policy, it does not increase the safety of those in developed states, and it is objectionable on political and moral grounds. This Article argues that international administrative law can …

A Condominium Approach To Abyei, Jack Mcneily

Chicago Journal of International Law

Despite the recent independence of the Republic of South Sudan (South Sudan) from the Republic of Sudan (North Sudan), ongoing hostilities between the two states threaten prospects for lasting peace. In particular, sovereignty disputes in Abyei, a resource-rich and culturally important region falling on the North Sudanese-South Sudanese border, pose significant risks to the security ofAbyei residents and diminish the viability of long-term bilateral cooperation. Although conflict in Abyei has existed alongside broader intra-Sudanese tensions for several decades, the independence of South Sudan presents the possibility for a novel solution: a "condominium" arrangement between the two states in Abyei. Whereas …

Predictors Of Time Volunteering, Religious Giving, And Secular Giving: Implications For Nonprofit Organizations, Namkee G. Choi, Diana M. Dinitto

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

Using data from the survey Midlife Development in the United States, 2004-2006, the present study examined characteristics associated with time volunteering, religious giving, and secular giving. Multivariate analysis, guided by the theory of volunteering, showed that education and income predicted time volunteering and both religious and secular charitable giving. Generative qualities (e.g., confidence in one's skills, desire to assist others) were significant predictors of time spent volunteering and secular giving, while religious identification was the strongest predictor of religious giving. Perceived social integration was a significant predictor of time volunteering and religious giving. Implications for nonprofit organizations that need to …

Exploring Barriers To Inclusion Of Widowed And Abandoned Women Through Microcredit Self-Help Groups: The Case Of Rural South India, Margaret Lombe, Chrisann Newransky, Karen Kayser, Paul Mike Raj

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

Microcredit programs have been applauded as the magic bullet for the poor, especially women with limited financial resources. Building on previous research, this study examines effects of a microcredit self-help group (SHG) program on perceptions of social exclusion among widowed and abandoned women who participated in groups established after the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami in Tamil Nadu, India (N=109). Data were collected on key aspects of the program such as loan amount and investment patterns, group experience, demographics, and perceived barriers to inclusion. Results indicate that investment patterns and group experience impacted the women's perception of barriers to social inclusion. …

June 2012 News Releases, University Of Montana--Missoula. Office Of University Relations

University of Montana News Releases, 1928, 1956-present

No abstract provided.

Vol 56 #6, Judy Zelenski

MPLA Newsletter

No abstract provided.

Detection Of European Strain Of Echinococcus Multilocularis In North America, Emily J. Jenkins, Andrew S. Peregrine, Janet E. Hill, Christopher Somers, Karen Gesy, Brian Barnes, Bruno Gottstein, Lydden Polley

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Library Materials

To the Editor: In 2009, an alveolar hydatid cyst, the intermediate stage of the cestode Echinococcus multilocularis, was detected in the liver of a dog from Quesnel, British Columbia (BC), Canada, 600 km west of the nearest known record of this parasite in central North America. Alveolar hydatid cysts normally occur in rodent intermediate hosts. However, humans can serve as aberrant intermediate hosts; cysts generally originate in the liver and, in about one third of cases, metastasize throughout the body. Detection of the larval stage of this pathogen in an unusual host in a new geographic region required application …

Metabolic Reconstruction For Metagenomic Data And Its Application To The Human Microbiome, Sahar Abubucker, Nicola Segata, Johannes Goll, Alyxandria M. Schubert, Jacques Izard, Brandi L. Cantarel, Beltran Rodriguez-Mueller, Jeremy Zucker, Mathangi Thiagarajan, Bernard Henrissat, Owen White, Scott T. Scott, Barbara Methé, Patrick D. Schloss, Dirk Gever, Makedonka Mitreva, Curtis Huttenhower

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

Microbial communities carry out the majority of the biochemical activity on the planet, and they play integral roles in processes including metabolism and immune homeostasis in the human microbiome. Shotgun sequencing of such communities’ metagenomes provides information complementary to organismal abundances from taxonomic markers, but the resulting data typically comprise short reads from hundreds of different organisms and are at best challenging to assemble comparably to single-organism genomes. Here, we describe an alternative approach to infer the functional and metabolic potential of a microbial community metagenome. We determined the gene families and pathways present or absent within a community, as …

Urinary Copper Elevation In A Mouse Model Of Wilson’S Disease Is A Regulated Process To Specifically Decrease The Hepatic Copper Load, Lawrence W. Gray, Fangyu Peng, Shannon A. Molloy, Venkata S. Pendyala, Abigael Muchenditsi, Otto Muzik, Jaekwon Lee, Jack H. Kaplan, Svetlana Lutsenko

Department of Biochemistry: Faculty Publications

Body copper homeostasis is regulated by the liver, which removes excess copper via bile. In Wilson’s disease (WD), this function is disrupted due to inactivation of the copper transporter ATP7B resulting in hepatic copper overload. High urinary copper is a diagnostic feature of WD linked to liver malfunction; the mechanism behind urinary copper elevation is not fully understood. Using Positron Emission Tomography-Computed Tomography (PET-CT) imaging of live Atp7b^‒/^‒ mice at different stages of disease, a longitudinal metal analysis, and characterization of copper-binding molecules, we show that urinary copper elevation is a specific regulatory process mediated …

Influence Of Aphid Honeydew On The Foraging Behavior Of Hippodamia Convergens Larvae, Swapna R. Purandare, Brigitte Tenhumberg

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

1. Environmental cues associated with prey are known to increase predator foraging efficiency. Ladybird larvae are major predators of aphids. The sugary excretion of aphids (honeydew) has been proposed to serve as a prey-associated cue for ladybird larvae.

2. Ladybird larvae are regularly found on the ground moving between plants or after falling off plants. The use of prey-associated cues would be particularly beneficial for ladybird larvae on the ground in that such cues would help them to decide which plants to climb because aphids are patchily distributed within as well as amongst plants and, as a result, many plants …

Association Between Diabetes Self-Care, Medication Adherence, Anxiety, Depression, And Glycemic Control In Type 2 Diabetes, Ayman A. Al-Hayek, Asirvatham A. Robert, Aus A. Alzaid, Hussam M. Nusair, Nariman S. Zbaidi, Muwafak H. Al-Eithan, Asirvatham E. Sam

Saudi Medical Journal

No abstract provided.

Seasonal Food Habits Of Burrowing Owls (Athene Cunicularia) In Human-Altered Landscapes, Carie Marie Wingert

Master's Theses

In 2004, I initiated a year-long study to investigate the food habits of burrowing owls (Athene cunicularia). Burrowing owls have been found in a variety of human-altered landscapes; however, little is known about burrowing owl food habits in urban landscapes. Burrowing owl food habits during the non-breeding season are also largely undocumented, despite increasing concern over the survival of overwintering burrowing owls. Differences in prey consumption between reproductive and non-reproductive owls during the breeding season have not yet been examined. I collected pellets over a 12 month period at four study sites affected by different levels of human …

Effects Of Ovariectomy, Seasonal Changes, And Anatomical Position On The Compact Bone Remodeling As Seen In The Adult Ovine Model, Erica Wong

Master's Theses

The purpose of this study is to characterize the compact bone remodeling of the ovariectomized ewe and its effectiveness as an animal model for studies of postmenopausal osteoporosis. The use of animal models is a beneficial way to evaluate the effectiveness of medical devices and therapeutic agents for treating diseases. The ovine model is an attractive option because of its large size and similar bone remodeling to humans. However, this species, like most animals, does not undergo a natural menopause, making an ovariectomy necessary for studies of estrogen depletion. The OVX (ovariectomized) sheep has been widely accepted as a model …

Growing Gardens: Botanical Gardens, Public Space And Conservation, Terra Celeste Colburn

Master's Theses

This thesis examines the history of botanical gardens and their evolution

from ancient spaces to the modern gardens of the 20th century. I provide a brief

overview of botanical gardens, with a focus on the unique intersection of public

participation and scientific study that started to occur within garden spaces during

the 20th century, which still continues today. I reveal the history of gardens that

influenced the uses of gardens today, with a focus on: the first ancient gardens

and the dependency societies had on them, the influence of science in gardens

starting in the Enlightenment period, the shift away …

Application Of A Heuristic Method To A Water Distribution System For Determining Optimal Water Quality Monitoring Locations, Lawrence David Johnson

Master's Theses

Although regulations and requirements for water quality source monitoring have increased, drinking water distribution systems can still be considered vulnerable to purposeful or accidental contamination.

This study analyzes the transport of the hypothetical contaminant Cryptosporidium through the distribution system of a city with a population of 30,000 to 50,000 in an attempt to locate the optimal monitoring locations in the distribution system. Cryptosporidium was selected due to its resistance to chlorine and it’s conservative properties for vulnerability assessments. The method for selecting the optimal monitoring locations was taken from Chastain (2004) which developed and examined the method for a virtual …

Hapss, Hybrid Aircraft Propulsion System Synthesis, Michael W. Green

Master's Theses

Hybrid Aircraft Propulsion System Synthesis (HAPSS) is a computer program that sizes and analyzes pure-series hybrid electric propulsion systems for aircraft. The development of this program began during a NASA SBIR contract, in conjunction with Empirical Systems Aerospace (ESAero), with the creation of a propulsion fan design tool. Since the completion of this contract in July 2010, the HAPSS program has been expanded to combine the many aspects of a hybrid propulsion system such as the propulsive fans, electric motors, generators, and controllers, and the internal combustion engines.

This thesis describes the benefits and drawbacks of aircraft hybrid propulsion systems …

Preparation And Characterization Of Electrospun Poly(D, L-Lactide-Co-Glycolide) Scaffolds For Vascular Tissue Engineering And The Advancement Of An In Vitro Blood Brain Barrier Model, Deven Chandrakant Patel

Master's Theses

Developing an in vitro Blood Brain Barrier model that will replicate the physiological, anatomical, and functional characteristics of the native BBB has gained significant attention. Such a model would enable prediction of the penetration of CNS targeting drug candidates across the BBB, allow pre-screening and optimization strategies to be developed for new drugs and gene delivery formulations, and permit research groups to further understand how a dysfunctional BBB is involved in the pathogenesis of several neurological diseases.

The Tissue Engineering laboratory at the California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo is currently in the process of developing a dynamic in …

A Proteomic Analysis Of Differentiation In The Mammary Epithelium, Laura Therese Strand

Master's Theses

While a great deal is known about the changing hormonal environment and the structural development of the mammary gland from pregnancy to lactation, very little is known about the molecular mechanisms governing differentiation of the mammary epithelium into a milk-secreting phenotype. It is important to acknowledge the diversity among the mammary glands of different species in order to better understand applications in human health and the dairy industry. In this study, we examined global protein expression during two states of differentiation in mammary epithelial cells from two species: in vitro proliferating and differentiated MAC-T cells (a bovine immortal cell-line), and …

Of Heart, Mind & Belonging: Reflections On Anti-Racist White Identity Development, Jessica V. Havens

College of Liberal Arts & Social Sciences Theses and Dissertations

Anti-racist white activists have actively participated within movements for racial justice in the United States, in both the pre-and post-civil rights era. Inspired by the voices, work and leadership of people of color, as well as through multiracial coalition building, anti-racist white activism has taken many forms over the years. In some instances, this activism has involved educating and engaging with other white people in examining their white privilege and strategies for accountability, as a means for incorporating an awareness of whiteness and privilege into their multiracial social justice organizing. This thesis examines the stories of present-day white anti-racists in …

The Role Of The Pituitary-Adrenal Axis In G-Csf Therapy After Neonatal Hypoxia-Ischemia, Mélissa Stéphanie Charles

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Several reports indicate that the activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) as measured by the increased level of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and corticosterone is increased after a brain insult. These hormones are the effectors secreted respectively by the pituitary and adrenal glands. It has been shown that the down-regulation of corticosterone levels can improve detrimental outcomes associated with ischemic brain injuries. Neonatal hypoxia-ischemia (HI) is a devastating perinatal event with a grim prognosis and limited therapeutic strategies. In recent studies, granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) has shown promise in neonatal HI investigations by improving neuromotor function and reducing apoptosis in the …

Cardiorespiratory Fitness Reduces The Risk Of Incident Hypertension Associated With A Parental History Of Hypertension, Robin P. Shook, Duck-Chul Lee, Xuemei Sui, Vivek Prasad, Steven P. Hooker, Timothy S. Church, Steven N. Blair

Faculty Publications

Family history of hypertension increases the risk of an individual to develop hypertension, whereas moderate-to-high cardiorespiratory fitness has the opposite effect. However, the joint association of each on the development of hypertension is not well understood. We studied fitness and incident hypertension in 6278 participants who were given a preventative medical examination. Thirty-three percent reported a parent with hypertension, and there were 1545 cases of incident hypertension after a mean of 4.7 years. The presence of parental hypertension was associated with a 28% higher risk of developing hypertension after adjustments for age, sex, and examination year. After further adjustments for …

Human Dignity And Health Law: Personhood In Recent Bioethical Debates, Zachary R. Calo

Notre Dame Journal of Law, Ethics & Public Policy

No abstract provided.

The Ethics Of The Unsaid In The Sphere Of Human Rights, Louis E. Wolcher

Notre Dame Journal of Law, Ethics & Public Policy

No abstract provided.

A Stream Would Rise From The Earth, And Water The Whole Face Of The Ground: The Ethical Necessity For Wetlands Protection Post-Rapanos, Kristen L. Holm-Hansen

Notre Dame Journal of Law, Ethics & Public Policy

No abstract provided.

Making The Most Of United States V. Jones In A Surveillance Society: A Statutory Implementation Of Mosaic Theory, Christopher Slobogin

Vanderbilt Law School Faculty Publications

In the Supreme Court's recent decision in United States v. Jones, a majority of the Justices appeared to recognize that under some circumstances aggregation of information about an individual through governmental surveillance can amount to a Fourth Amendment search. If adopted by the Court, this notion sometimes called "mosaic theory"-could bring about a radical change to Fourth Amendment jurisprudence, not just in connection with surveillance of public movements-the issue raised in Jonesbut also with respect to the government's increasingly pervasive record-mining efforts. One reason the Court might avoid the mosaic theory is the perceived difficulty of implementing it. This article …

Challenges For Biological Interpretation Of Environmental Proteomics Data In Non-Model Organisms, Wesley W. Dowd

Biology Faculty Works

Environmental physiology, toxicology, and ecology and evolution stand to benefit substantially from the relatively recent surge of “omics” technologies into these fields. These approaches, and proteomics in particular, promise to elucidate novel and integrative functional responses of organisms to diverse environmental challenges, over a variety of time scales and at different levels of organization. However, application of proteomics to environmental questions suffers from several challenges—some unique to high-throughput technologies and some relevant to many related fields—that may confound downstream biological interpretation of the data. I explore three of these challenges in environmental proteomics, emphasizing the dependence of biological conclusions on …

Spatial Ecology Of Urban Raccoons In Northeastern Ohio: Implications For Oral Rabies Vaccination, Are R. Berentsen, Mike R. Dunbar, Chadd E. Fitzpatrick, W. David Walter

The Prairie Naturalist

In 1977, rabies was detected in a raccoon (Procyon lotor) in West Virginia, and since the mid-1980s raccoon variant rabies has spread throughout the eastern United States and moved west as far as the eastern edge of Cleveland, Ohio. The primary tool to combat this spread is the distribution of oral rabies vaccine (ORV) baits. A thorough knowledge of raccoon space use is critical in determining bait placement, particularly in urban areas. We monitored nine raccoons in urban areas of Cleveland, Ohio, calculated home range sizes, monitored raccoon movement with respect to potential movement barriers, and used resource selection functions …

Li (Ritual/Rite) And Tian (Heaven/Nature) In The Xunzi: Does Confucian Li Need Metaphysics?, Sor-Hoon Tan

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

Ritual (li) is central to Confucian ethics and political philosophy. Robert Neville believes that Chinese Philosophy has an important role to play in our times by bringing ritual theory to the analysis of global moral and political issues. In a recent work, Neville maintains that ritual ‘needs a contemporary metaphysical expression if its importance is to be seen.’ This paper examines Neville's claim through a detailed study of the ‘ethics of ritual’ in one of the early Confucian texts, the Xunzi. This text has sometimes been read as offering a form of naturalism in its discussions of ‘heaven (tian)’ as …

Junc2012, Robert Kelly

Robert Kelly Manuscripts

From June 2012 Robert Kelly Archive