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2012

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The Effect Of Liver X Receptor Α Deficiency In Skeletal Muscle On Lipid Content In Mice, Yishu Ding Jan 2012

The Effect Of Liver X Receptor Α Deficiency In Skeletal Muscle On Lipid Content In Mice, Yishu Ding

All ETDs from UAB

Liver X receptors (LXRs) are important regulators of cholesterol, fatty acid, and glucose homeostasis. Many researchs focus on the liver, but tissue-specific roles of LXRs in other tissues remain elusive. Based on in vitro studies on cultured cells, the roles of LXRs in skeletal muscle have been proposed. Nevertheless, the in vivo roles of LXRs in skeletal muscle remain lacking. Skeletal muscle is an important insulin targeting tissue, which plays a key role in regulating insulin sensitivity. Abnormal lipid metabolism and homeostasis have been demonstrated to play a crucial role in the development of insulin resistance in skeletal muscle. To …

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Modulation Of Autoimmune Diabetes By B Cells Specific For N-Acetyl-D-Glucosamine, Brian L. Dizon Jan 2012

Modulation Of Autoimmune Diabetes By B Cells Specific For N-Acetyl-D-Glucosamine, Brian L. Dizon

All ETDs from UAB

Type I diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease in which ß cells are destroyed by the immune system; however, role of infections in type I diabetes (T1D) pathogenesis is unclear. Reports suggesting that childhood Group A Streptococcal (GAS) infections protected against T1D prompted us to study how antibodies to N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc), which are induced by GAS infection, influenced T1D development. We found that GlcNAc-specific antibodies reacted with ß cell secretory granules, and neonatal NOD mice immunized with GAS or given GAS-immune sera were protected from spontaneous diabetes. Monoclonal GlcNAc-specific IgM blocked activation and effector responses to islet antigens by diabetogenic …

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Engineering Of Pulsed Laser Deposited Calcium Phosphate Biomaterials In Controlled Atmospheres, Saulius Edmundas Drukteinis Jan 2012

Engineering Of Pulsed Laser Deposited Calcium Phosphate Biomaterials In Controlled Atmospheres, Saulius Edmundas Drukteinis

All ETDs from UAB

Synthetic calcium phosphates (CAP) such as hydroxyapatite (HA) have been used as regenerative bone graft materials and also as thin films to improve the integration of biomedical implant devices within skeletal tissue. Pulsed laser deposition (PLD) can deposit crystalline HA with significant adhesion on titanium biomaterials. However, there are PLD processing constraints due to the complex physical and chemical interactions occurring simultaneously during PLD, which influence ablation plume formation and development. In this investigation PLD CAP films were engineered with a focus on novel decoupling of partial pressure of H2O (g) (P(H2O)) from total background pressure, in combination with substrate …

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Hcn Channels And Regulation Of Neocortical Network Activity, Asher Albertson Jan 2012

Hcn Channels And Regulation Of Neocortical Network Activity, Asher Albertson

All ETDs from UAB

Hyperpolarization activated non-specifc cation (HCN) channels are unique channels that activate following membrane hyperpolarization. Expressed primarily along the apical dendrites of pyramidal neurons, they pass a non-inactivating, inward current (Ih). HCN channel activation at resting membrane potentials profoundly impacts the synaptic and intrinsic properties of pyramidal neurons. Activated channels decrease intrinsic membrane excitability, hyperpolarize the resting membrane potential, and increase excitatory post-synaptic potentials (EPSP) summation. Loss of HCN channels is commonly observed in models of epilepsy. This dissertation tests the hypothesis that the influence of HCN channels on individual neuron excitability translates to an influence on network excitability. Furthermore, we …

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Proteomic Clues To The Pathogenesis Of Alexander Disease, Daniel L. Flint Jan 2012

Proteomic Clues To The Pathogenesis Of Alexander Disease, Daniel L. Flint

All ETDs from UAB

Since the initial report identifying mutations in GFAP as the primary genetic defect in the astrogliopathy Alexander Disease (AxD) much progress has been made in elucidating the molecular details underpinning the pathogenic role of mutant GFAP in astrocytes. In particular, data collected from mouse, fly, and cell culture models of AxD have isolated several prominent cellular changes that are associated with mutant GFAP expression including oxidative stress, proteasome inhibition, reduced expression of the astrocyte glutamate transporter GLT-1, and loss of neurons; these models have also successfully recapitulated the pathological hallmark of AxD--protein aggregates known as Rosenthal fibers (RFs). To date, …

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Histomorphometry And Quantitative Analysis Of Longer-Term Implant Interfaces, Dave Darko Kojic Jan 2012

Histomorphometry And Quantitative Analysis Of Longer-Term Implant Interfaces, Dave Darko Kojic

All ETDs from UAB

Objective: This investigation was to evaluate (>10 year) bone response around custom (HA plasma coated) dental implants and HA particulate. Materials and Methods: Three individual post mortem mandibular COI Implants with surrounding bone were processed at six transverse locations to obtain non-decalcified ground sections (20-80µm)(n=36) and stained initially with methylene blue/basic fuchsin. Slides were evaluated to select (n= 8) slides for regions of interest along the perimeter of the implant, using optical microscopy (Olympus BX51 microscope) with a Retiga EXi color digital camera (Olympus, Center Valley, PA) and Bioquant VR software (R&M Biometrics, Nashville, TN) at an original magnification …

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The Influence Of Microscale Heterogeneity Of The Collagen Network Of Healthy Rabbit Ventricular Subepicardium On Action Potential Propagation And Interstitial Potential Distributions, Claire Elizabeth Bourgeois Jan 2012

The Influence Of Microscale Heterogeneity Of The Collagen Network Of Healthy Rabbit Ventricular Subepicardium On Action Potential Propagation And Interstitial Potential Distributions, Claire Elizabeth Bourgeois

All ETDs from UAB

The goal of the present study was to identify the microstructural variability in myocyte orientation and in the arrangement of the collagen network to explore the interstitial compartment's contribution to discontinuous propagation. Microstructural data was obtained from healthy rabbit ventricular subepicardium through a sequence of image processing steps. Collagen quantity was measured in successive serial sections using established histological techniques. Binary 2D maps of collagen quantity were obtained from each section as a difference of images acquired under (i) brightfield illumination with a rhodamine filter and (ii) polarized illumination. Images were then registered by x-y translation and rotation to align …

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The Role Of Cd11c+ Cells In Response To Ozone, Jeffrey David Brand Jan 2012

The Role Of Cd11c+ Cells In Response To Ozone, Jeffrey David Brand

All ETDs from UAB

Environmental ozone exposure remains a major public health concern with over one-third of the United States population experiencing unhealthful levels. Epidemiological studies indicate exposure increases morbidity in those with pre-existing disease such as asthma, though the biological mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain elusive. CD11c+ cells within the respiratory tract include dendritic cells (DCs), which are the most efficient antigen presenters and play major roles controlling immune responses. In addition, DCs are thought necessary for asthma pathogenesis and exacerbation. Therefore the link between ozone associated asthma morbidity may be DCs. We hypothesize ozone exposure may site specifically alter DC phenotypes, numbers, …

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Effects Of Mobile Internet Use On College Student Pedestrian Injury Risk, Katherine Walker Byington Jan 2012

Effects Of Mobile Internet Use On College Student Pedestrian Injury Risk, Katherine Walker Byington

All ETDs from UAB

Unintentional pedestrian injury is a leading cause of death in the United States. Given the complexity of accurately judging the safety of a street crossing, the task likely becomes even more challenging when pedestrians become distracted by attempting to multitask. Newly introduced cell phone functionalities such as mobile internet may introduce distraction that goes beyond the basic cognitive demand of a phone conversation or even text messaging, both of which distract pedestrians and increase unsafe behavior. The present study examined participants' pedestrian behavior while distracted by mobile internet applications. In addition, we aimed to explore college students' perceptions of the …

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Cytokine Signaling In A Mouse Model Of Parkinson's Disease, Shuwen Cao Jan 2012

Cytokine Signaling In A Mouse Model Of Parkinson's Disease, Shuwen Cao

All ETDs from UAB

The protein alpha-synuclein (α-SYN), which is found in the Lewy bodies of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra (SN), has an important role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). Fcγ receptors (FcγR) are proteins present on the surface of microglia, which bind immunoglobulin G (IgG) and other ligands. Our studies in an AAV-synuclein mouse model of PD showed that over-abundance of α-SYN triggered the expression of NF-κB p65, and led to microglial activation and DA neurodegeneration; however, in mice deficient of gamma chain subunit of the Fc receptors (FcγR-/- mice), α-SYN-induced NF-κB signaling was blocked, while microglial activation …

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Identification, Molecular Cloning And Characterization Of Transmitted/Founder Hiv-1 Subtype A, D And Ad Viruses And Envelope Glycoproteins, Joshua Baalwa Jan 2012

Identification, Molecular Cloning And Characterization Of Transmitted/Founder Hiv-1 Subtype A, D And Ad Viruses And Envelope Glycoproteins, Joshua Baalwa

All ETDs from UAB

A precise molecular identification of transmitted/founder (T/F) HIV-1 genomes responsible for productive infection in humans can be an enabling strategy for elucidating mechanisms of virus transmission, immunopathogenesis and prevention. Previously, we reported a single genome sequencing approach, which when combined with a mathematical model of early random virus diversification, allowed for an unambiguous identification of T/F HIV-1 subtype B and C envelope (env) genes. Here, we apply this method to the identification and molecular cloning of full-length HIV-1 genomes and env genes of the less well-studied, but nonetheless important, HIV-1 subtypes A and D. Twelve subtype A (n=5), D (n=5) …

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Monitoring Arm Use In Daily Life Via Rfid Tracking Of Household Objects, Joydip Barman Jan 2012

Monitoring Arm Use In Daily Life Via Rfid Tracking Of Household Objects, Joydip Barman

All ETDs from UAB

After stroke, capacity to complete tasks in the treatment setting with the moreaffected arm is an unreliable index of actual use of that extremity in daily life. Available objective methods for monitoring real-world arm use rely on placing movement sensors on patients. These methods provide information on amount but not type of arm activity, e.g., functional vs. nonfunctional movement. This paper presents an approach that places sensors on patients and household objects, overcoming this limitation. An accelerometer and the transmitter component of a radio-frequency proximity sensor are attached to objects; the receiver component is attached to the arm of interest. …

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A Histologic And Radiologic Analysis Of Bone Formation Under The Elevated Maxillary Sinus Using Venous Coagulum As The Sole Filling Material, Kathleen Ann Beaudry Jan 2012

A Histologic And Radiologic Analysis Of Bone Formation Under The Elevated Maxillary Sinus Using Venous Coagulum As The Sole Filling Material, Kathleen Ann Beaudry

All ETDs from UAB

Insufficient bone height is a common obstacle to placing dental implants in the posterior maxilla. Sinus lift procedures using various grafting materials have been shown to be a highly predictable way to increase bone height in the posterior maxilla (Jensen 1998). Given the wide range of materials that have proven successful in augmenting the sinus, the argument could be made that the presence of graft is not critical. Instead, the creation and maintenance of space, provided by two implants, along with the osteoinductive properties of the membrane, the periosteum, and growth factors provided by a blood clot are the only …

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Sonication Treatment Of Diesel Fuel Laden Sump Water, Roxanne E. Bessette Jan 2012

Sonication Treatment Of Diesel Fuel Laden Sump Water, Roxanne E. Bessette

All ETDs from UAB

Diesel engines are the work horses of industry and transportation. Pervasive diesel fuel use impacts stormwater, by increasing petroleum releases to surface waters. Sump containment of diesel-adulterated stormwater commonly keeps diesel from contacting surface waters. Once contained, the quandary lies in effective stormwater treatment that allows discharges within the local watershed. On-site treatment of diesel sump water ordinarily involves gravity oil-water separation technologies. These technologies' treatment times range from hours to days. Commonly, they cannot meet National Pollution Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) stormwater discharge standards for oil and grease because they best remove `free' oil not commonly occurring emulsions. Oil-water …

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Memory Profiles In Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment And Their Associations With Other Cognitive Domains And Functional Abilities, Timothy J. O'Brien Jan 2012

Memory Profiles In Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment And Their Associations With Other Cognitive Domains And Functional Abilities, Timothy J. O'Brien

All ETDs from UAB

Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) is thought to represent the preclinical stage of Alzheimer's disease. Current criteria for amnestic-MCI do not specify the nature of memory impairments, which could be in learning or retrieval of information in verbal or visual domains. While 1.5 standard deviations (SD) below normative samples has been accepted to define cognitive impairment, this standard may be relatively stringent, or may lack specificity to identify mild functional impairment. Baseline data for 71 individuals with consensus-diagnosed MCI enrolled in the Measuring Independent Living in the Elderly Study (MILES) was utilized to investigate patterns of verbal and visual learning and …

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Catherine Jeffrey Jones's Idyl: The Comic Strip In Science Fiction And Art, Stephen Hudson Smith Jan 2012

Catherine Jeffrey Jones's Idyl: The Comic Strip In Science Fiction And Art, Stephen Hudson Smith

All ETDs from UAB

Catherine Jeffrey Jones's comic strip Idyl ran for forty-four installments in the National Lampoon from January 1972 through February 1976. The work was typically published as one-page vignettes revolving around the meanderings of nude female figures, talking animals, and sentient vegetation. The large distribution of the magazine resulted in Idyl having an unusual reach and influence. Jones is one of the most recognizable artists in the fields of comic strip and science fiction art. The innovations she spearheaded would have a lasting influence and be critical in the evolution of these genres in the decade following the publication of Idyl. …

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A Role Of Angiogenin In Models Of Parkinson's Disease, Trent Steidinger Jan 2012

A Role Of Angiogenin In Models Of Parkinson's Disease, Trent Steidinger

All ETDs from UAB

Parkinson's Disease (PD) is the most common neurodegenerative movement disorder and is characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Gene multiplication of alpha-synuclein causes an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern of PD. A mouse model overexpressing alpha-synuclein demonstrates some of the phenotype seen in PD. In a microarray of these mice, a downregulation of angiogenin was observed prior to symptom onset, demonstrating a potential link of angiogenin to pathology in this model. Angiogenin has also been associated with the onset of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), and is neuroprotective in models of ALS through activation of the Akt …

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The Hypometabolic Actions Of Hydrogen Sulfide In Mammalian Systems, Asaf Stein Jan 2012

The Hypometabolic Actions Of Hydrogen Sulfide In Mammalian Systems, Asaf Stein

All ETDs from UAB

In recent years, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been identified as a ubiquitous cell signaling molecule. In addition to its diverse physiological roles, H2S has emerged as a possible drug therapy, with a wide range of applications. Along with cytoprotective effects in pathological states such as ischemia-reperfusion injury, H2S has been shown to decrease aerobic metabolism in a reversible manner. This dissertation is focused on exploring H2S-induced hypometabolism and the implications therein for human health and disease. We have shown that rats exposed to 80 ppm H2S gas in combination with low oxygen (10.5% O2) for 6 hr exhibit decreases in …

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Serotonin Signaling In Angiogenesis, Ali Zamani Jan 2012

Serotonin Signaling In Angiogenesis, Ali Zamani

All ETDs from UAB

Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) is a well-known "happy" neurotransmitter. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are the most prescribed class of antidepressant medications to raise the serotonin level in the brain. However, the majority of serotonin in the human body is present outside of the brain and stored in platelets in blood circulation. Blood coagulation is a common feature of malignant solid tumors and leads to significant serotonin release from activated platelets into tumor environment. Due to the unique feature of platelet in lacking nucleus, the impact of platelet and serotonin on cancer progression has been overlooked by studies focusing on cancer …

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Computational Investigation Of Drag Reduction With A Rear Flap On Trucks, Yangyang Hu Jan 2012

Computational Investigation Of Drag Reduction With A Rear Flap On Trucks, Yangyang Hu

All ETDs from UAB

Computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulations of the steady state Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations using the second order k — ω turbulence model were performed to investigate the Drag Coefficients (Cd) of the Class 8 trucks under different geometric configurations. The reduction rates of aerodynamic drag using several add-on devices such as base flap, boat tail, underbody skirt, and tractor-trailer gap are investigated through the CFD simulations. Moreover, simulations by using different lengths and angles of the base flap and boat tail were conducted; the comparison indicates that the base flap design is more effective for the drag reduction. The optimized …

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Activist Cartoons Without Borders: The Political Cartoons Of Brazilian Artist Carlos Latuff, Orayb Najjar Jan 2012

Activist Cartoons Without Borders: The Political Cartoons Of Brazilian Artist Carlos Latuff, Orayb Najjar

Faculty Articles, Papers, and Other Scholarship

Brazilian cartoonist Carlos Latuff has been described by Allers in Menassat as `a one-man cartoon wrecking-ball when he hits the ink.' In the last few years of penning sharp cartoons, he `has been alternatively praised and vilified in the press for his depictions of suffering' in places like the Palestinian territories, Iraq, and the slums of Latin America. In this study, I use Latuff's work to illustrate how the artist has formed a global identity based on political affiliation, rather than national origin. I show how the `affordances' of the Internet, namely, the ability of non-mainstream individuals and groups to …

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Lessons From A Lost Constitution: The Council Of Revision, The Bill Of Rights, And The Role Of The Judiciary In Democratic Governance, Robert L. Jones Jan 2012

Lessons From A Lost Constitution: The Council Of Revision, The Bill Of Rights, And The Role Of The Judiciary In Democratic Governance, Robert L. Jones

Faculty Articles, Papers, and Other Scholarship

This Article explores the relationship between the Council of Revision and the Bill of Rights. The Council of Revision, proposed at the Constitutional Convention by James Madison and the other Virginia delegates, would have been comprised of the President and several prominent members of the federal judiciary. Its task would have been to review the work of Congress and to exercise a qualified veto over those congressional acts with which it disagreed. This Article contends that the Bill of Rights must be understood in the context of Madison’s disappointment over the rejection of the Council of Revision at the Convention. …

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Toward A Noninvasive Automatic Seizure Control System In Rats With Transcranial Focal Stimulations Via Tripolar Concentric Ring Electrodes, Oleksandr Makeyev, Xiang Liu, Hiram Luna-Munguía, Garbiela Rogel-Salazar, Samuel Mucio-Ramirez, Yuhong Liu, Yan (Lindsay) Sun, Steven M. Kay, Walter G. Besio Jan 2012

Toward A Noninvasive Automatic Seizure Control System In Rats With Transcranial Focal Stimulations Via Tripolar Concentric Ring Electrodes, Oleksandr Makeyev, Xiang Liu, Hiram Luna-Munguía, Garbiela Rogel-Salazar, Samuel Mucio-Ramirez, Yuhong Liu, Yan (Lindsay) Sun, Steven M. Kay, Walter G. Besio

Electrical, Computer, and Biomedical Engineering Faculty Publications

Epilepsy affects approximately 1% of the world population. Antiepileptic drugs are ineffective in approximately 30% of patients and have side effects. We are developing a noninvasive, or minimally invasive, transcranial focal electrical stimulation system through our novel tripolar concentric ring electrodes to control seizures. In this study, we demonstrate feasibility of an automatic seizure control system in rats with pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures through single and multiple stimulations. These stimulations are automatically triggered by a real-time electrographic seizure activity detector based on a disjunctive combination of detections from a cumulative sum algorithm and a generalized likelihood ratio test. An average seizure onset …

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Ambient Habitat Noise And Vibration At The Georgia Aquarium, P. M. Scheifele, M. T. Johnson, L. Kretschmer, J. G. Clark, D. Kemper, Gopu R. Potty Jan 2012

Ambient Habitat Noise And Vibration At The Georgia Aquarium, P. M. Scheifele, M. T. Johnson, L. Kretschmer, J. G. Clark, D. Kemper, Gopu R. Potty

Ocean Engineering Faculty Publications

Underwater and in-air noise evaluations were completed in performance pool systems at Georgia Aquarium under normal operating conditions and with performance sound tracks playing. Ambient sound pressure levels at in-pool locations, with corresponding vibration measures from life support system (LSS) pumps, were measured in operating configurations, from shut down to full operation. Results indicate noise levels in the low frequency ranges below 100 Hz were the highest produced by the LSS relative to species hearing thresholds. The LSS had an acoustic impact of about 10 dB at frequencies up to 700 Hz, with a 20 dB re 1 μPa impact …

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Service-Learning As A Pedagogical Approach For Net Generation Learners: A Case Study, Sally Blomstrom Jan 2012

Service-Learning As A Pedagogical Approach For Net Generation Learners: A Case Study, Sally Blomstrom

Publications

This chapter focuses on service-learning as a pedagogical approach for Net Generation learners, and presents a case study from a private technological institution in the United States as an example. The chapter covers details of the assignment as a case study, specific considerations in the assignment’s design for Net Generation learners, ways in which the assignment followed principles of service-learning assignments, and how service-learning principles correspond with Net Generation learner characteristics. The case study focuses on an assignment for a speech class in which university students developed and delivered presentations on science topics to two audiences: children in an afterschool …

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The Cat Is Back: Analyzing Newspaper Coverage Of Mountain Lions In The Midwest, Chloe Euston Jan 2012

The Cat Is Back: Analyzing Newspaper Coverage Of Mountain Lions In The Midwest, Chloe Euston

Honors Capstones

No abstract provided.

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Signal-To-Noise Ratio Of Augmentative And Alternative Communication Devices Across Educational Settings, Hope Elizabeth Lorenz Jan 2012

Signal-To-Noise Ratio Of Augmentative And Alternative Communication Devices Across Educational Settings, Hope Elizabeth Lorenz

Masters Theses

The use of augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) devices is important for individuals whose natural speech is inadequate for communication. Research conducted to make improvements to AAC devices has included exploring the effectiveness of color-coding symbols, linguistically based arrangement of symbols, and intelligibility of the devices. However, little attention has been given to the volume adequacy of AAC devices in a variety of educational settings. It is hypothesized that volume levels of AAC devices are often inappropriate for adequate communication when compared to noise levels in the classroom. The present study measured the volume output level of AAC devices compared …

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"I Am Not Minor": Characters' Apparent Autonomy In J.M. Coetzee's Fiction, Brigid Erin O'Malley Jan 2012

"I Am Not Minor": Characters' Apparent Autonomy In J.M. Coetzee's Fiction, Brigid Erin O'Malley

Masters Theses

J.M. Coetzee's most recent works of fiction have become increasingly experimental with form (e.g., metafiction, diary, fictionalized memoir). These various forms illuminate the subject-object split present in Coetzee's recent work and its transcendence of race and gender. Indeed, the gender and racial tensions present in his novels seem to be mere representations of the subject-object split at work - the split that exists between those with power and those without. Thus, I believe Coetzee is attempting to make a more universal, even spiritual statement regarding the body and soul ( our corporeal selves representing the objective self and our soul …

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Whatchu Breathin'?: Sick Building Syndrome And Seasonal Occurrence Of Fungi, Jessica Stapleton Jan 2012

Whatchu Breathin'?: Sick Building Syndrome And Seasonal Occurrence Of Fungi, Jessica Stapleton

Masters Theses

This study was designed to evaluate the presence of sick building syndrome in a classroom at Unity High School (Mendon, Illinois) and contrast differences in the number of fungal spores per cubic meter of air in different rooms in the building and between seasons. Air and surface samples were taken to analyze the number of fungal spores per cubic meter and to evaluate generic fungal diversity. Factors influencing the number of fungal spores per cubic meter and genera of fungal isolates were year-round temperature control in the classroom and the presence or absence of students. Some of the fungi isolated …

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Sleeping The Way To Success: Examining The Relationship Between Sleep And Academic Success Among College Students, Jennifer M. Hedges Jan 2012

Sleeping The Way To Success: Examining The Relationship Between Sleep And Academic Success Among College Students, Jennifer M. Hedges

Masters Theses

The negative effects of poor sleep habits have been widely studied, although there is little research focusing on the academic impact that poor sleep has among the college student population, where poor sleep seems to be prevalent. Research studies have consistently documented that sleep difficulties and daytime tiredness affect more than half of college students. Daytime naps, pulling "all-nighter" cram sessions, and late bedtimes and rise times are just a few of the common scenarios that deeply disturb the sleep quality and quantity of college students. The American Sleep Association (2007) has shown that sleep is necessary for survival in …

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