Digital Commons Network^™

Harmonizing Climate Change Policy And International Investment Law: Threats, Challenges And Opportunities, Daniel M. Firger, Michael Gerrard

Faculty Scholarship

This chapter responds to a chorus of commentary about the potential for conflict between the international investment law regime and an array of national and international actions being undertaken to mitigate and adapt to global climate change. Contrary to conventional wisdom, while some climate-friendly regulations may indeed be facially incompatible with the obligations imposed on states by typical international investment agreements (IIAs), many climate policies – especially those related to clean energy finance and technology transfer – involve principles common to foreign investment law and are largely compatible with that regime. Moreover, pending the unlikely negotiation of a single global …

The Weil Pairing On Elliptic Curves And Its Cryptographic Applications, Alex Edward Aftuck

UNF Graduate Theses and Dissertations

This thesis presents the Weil pairing on elliptic curves as a tool to implement a tripartite Diffie-Helman key exchange. Elliptic curves are introduced, as well as the addition operation that creates a group structure on its points. In leading to the definition of the Weil pairing, divisors of rational functions are studied, as well as the Weierstrass }-function, which shows the complex lattice as isomorphic to elliptic curves. Several important qualities of the Weil pairing are proved, and Miller's algorithm for quick calculation is shown. Next, the bipartite Diffie-Helman key exchange is discussed over finite fields and elliptic curves. Finally …

Effects Of 3-Trifluoromethyl-4-Nitrophenol (Tfm) On Energy Stores And Gill Function In Sea Lamprey (Petromyzon Marinus) And Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss), Matthew Henry

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

The primary method of controlling invasive sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) populations in the Great Lakes is the application of the pesticide 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol (TFM) to larval lamprey nursery streams. Recent evidence suggests that the mode of toxic action of TFM involves the inhibition of oxidative ATP production in the mitochondria. As a result, there is increased reliance on the anaerobic pathways of ATP production which involves the hydrolysis of phosphocreatine (PCr) and anaerobic glycolysis. TFM may also damage the gills, which may disrupt gill-mediated ion regulation and cause internal ion imbalances. While knowledge of TFM toxicity in larval lampreys …

An Approach To Engagement With Youth In Gangs Participatory Action Projects, Lisa Armstrong

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the process of engaging youth who have been involved with gangs in the context of a local street gang prevention project. A case study of the local project was conducted with interviews with twelve (N= 12) participants, most of whom were project staff Interviews were conducted by the author and two youth co-researchers. Findings illustrate the meaning of youth engagement to the participants, ideal roles for staff members and youth, and the relevance of a youth advisory committee as an outlet for future engagement in this program. Based on these …

Examining Experiences Of English Literacy Development (Eld) Program From Multiple Stakeholders’ Perspectives, Hany Ibraham

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

The present study, conducted in collaboration with a public school board in southern Ontario, Canada, focused on stakeholders’ perspectives of an English Literacy Development (ELD) program offered in secondary schools within this particular board. The purpose of this research was to identify resources that would help address school absenteeism, credit accumulation and graduation needs of ELD learners, as well as to learn which factors in ELD better assist students who are refugees with school integration and in reaching their academic potentials. The research objectives were (1) to identify factors that influence integration of refugee students in school and (n) to …

The Role Of Taste And Calories In Access-Induced Excessive Sweets Consumption By The Rat, Adam Celejewski

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

For individuals diagnosed with Binge Eating Disorder (BED) or Bulimia Nervosa (BN) eating is often manifested in intermittent bouts of gorging, a behaviour that is similar to excessive consumption of rewarding drugs in addiction (American Psychiatric Association, 2000; Corwin & Grigson, 2009; Epstein & Shaham, 2010). Our laboratory has found that sucrose solution intake by rats escalates markedly when provided on Discontinuous Access (DisA; 24h once every 3 or 4 days) schedules but is maintained at lower, stable levels with Continuous Access (ConA; ad lib) schedules (Hewitt & Eikelboom, 2008). Once DisA/ConA consumption differences are established, they persist even …

Exploring Perfectionism, Rumination And Social Anxiety: Theoretical And Causal Implications, Jaclyn R. Brown

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

Clark and Wells’ (1995) cognitive model of Social Anxiety (SA) posits that those with (SA) have a strong fear of negative evaluation and engage in excessive rumination following social interactions or performances. Fear of negative evaluation is also a key component of perfectionism; perfectionism has also been correlated with rumination. The purpose of the research was to examine the relationships among SA, rumination and perfectionism across two studies. For Study 1, participants were recruited (N=232) to complete online questionnaires. Psychometrics, including factor structure, were examined. It was expected that SA and rumination, rumination and perfectionism, and SA and …

Reading Development In Adolescent First And Second Language English Learners: A Comparison Using Age Match Design, Vahidehsadat Shahidi

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

Fourteen Iranian-Canadian bilingual students were tested for language ability as well as cognitive and phonological processing skills in two languages: Farsi and English. They were compared to 30 Iranian monolingual chronological age matched students and 30 Canadian chronological age matched peers. Since there were not any standardized tests in Farsi, one of the aims of this study was to begin creating the language ability measures in Farsi, and to test their reliabilities. In general, from six developed and translated Farsi tasks, three of them were found to be reliable. It was found that bilingual students perform better on memory tasks, …

Making Willing Bodies: Manufacturing Consent Among Prisoners And Soldiers, Creating Human Subjects, Patriots, And Everyday Citizens, Bernard E. Harcourt

Faculty Scholarship

In March 1944, doctors at the University of Chicago began infecting volunteer convicts at Stateville Prison with a virulent strand of malaria to test the effectiveness and side-effects of potent anti-malarial drugs. According to Dr. Alf Alving, the principal investigator, malaria "was the number-one medical problem of the war in the Pacific" and "we were losing far more men to malaria than to enemy bullets." This refrain would rehearse one of the most productive ways of speaking about prisoner experimentation. The Stateville prisoners became human once again and regained their citizenship and political voice by sacrificing their bodies to the …

"A Good Man Always Knows His Limitations": Overconfidence In Criminal Offending, Thomas Loughran, Ray Paternoster, Alex R. Piquero, Jeffrey Fagan

Faculty Scholarship

Traditional criminological research in the area of rational choice and crime decisions places a strong emphasis on offenders’ perceptions of risk associated with various crimes. Yet, this literature has thus far generally neglected the role of individual overconfidence in both the formation of subjective risk perceptions and the association between risk and crime. In other types of high risk behaviors which serve as analogs to crime, including stock trading and uncertain business and investment decisions, overconfidence is shown to have a stimulating effect on an individuals’ willingness to engage in these behaviors. Using data from two separate samples, this paper …

The Social Ethic Of Religiously Unaffiliated Spirituality, Siobhan Chandler

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

Since the sixties, sweeping social change has led to a massive restructuring of North American religious life. This includes the emergence of privatized forms of religiosity that operate without an institutional context. This trend is captured by the growing prevalence of individuals who describe themselves as ‘spiritual but not religious’. Despite its popularity, critics worry that privatized religiosity is undermining more socially responsive forms of traditional religious engagement. They think that private religion does not lead to the types of face-to-face interactions needed to build social trust and foster a vibrant public sphere. In short, they think it lacks social …

The Women’S Convention, Reproductive Rights And The Reproduction Of Gender, Barbara Stark

Hofstra Law Faculty Scholarship

President Barack Obama has asked Senator John Kerry, Chair of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, to move forward on the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women ("CEDAW" or the "Women's Convention"), which President Jimmy Carter signed in 1978. This Article focuses on the consequences of ratification for reproductive rights. Under CEDAW, I argue, the United States would be required to fully assure these rights, including subsidized family planning services and abortion.

Part I of this Article describes CEDAW's broad prohibition against what I call 'the reproduction of gender,' including the "sexual division of labor based …

Lawyer, Candidate, Beneficiary And Judge? Role Differentiation In Elected Judiciaries, James Sample

Hofstra Law Faculty Scholarship

The article presents information on the law of judicial election with reference to the trial Republican Party of Minnesota v. White and its decisions. It further discusses the involvement of Judge Frank Easterbrook of Court of Appeals of the U.S. in enforcement of disqualification rules for protecting and preserving judicial impartiality. It also discusses the role of jurists and judges as public employees.

What We Don’T Know About Deal Negotiation By Lawyers, Richard K. Neumann Jr., Tina L. Stark, Howard Katz

Hofstra Law Faculty Scholarship

Systematic and empirical thinking does not come easily into a mind trained in the common law, where anecdote is as persuasive as- and often more persuasive than-scientific evidence. Common law reasoning often proceeds in the following way: If I can think up an argument for something, and if I can illustrate that argument with anecdotes, the thing I'm arguing for must be true.

But a person whose inclination is on the other side of the issue will be laboring under the same cognitive illusion. That person will think up supporting arguments and find illustrative anecdotes as well. But that person …

The Puzzle Of Criminal Sanctions For Intellectual Property Infringement, Irina D. Manta

Hofstra Law Faculty Scholarship

The article discusses the criminal sanctions for the infringement of intellectual property while emphasising on the patent infringements. It states that criminal punishments are imposed to the violators of copyright and trademark but not to the violators of patent and also discusses the reason for this disparity. Information on the impact of the international negotiations by the U.S. regarding the intellectual property arena on the criminal sanctions is also presented.

Using Novels In The Science Classroom, Hannah Llewellyn Haarhues

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

Reading is a key factor in the success of students through their school years as well as their lives. With Americans reading less and falling behind in subjects as they progress through the school system, reading is the subject area that benefits all aspects of their schooling. Studies done from the 1990s on have shown successful reading programs improve standardized test scores of school age students. Trade books in place of textbooks had been explored, but only in middle school or younger. This study uses a survey to explore high school biology students' opinions on reading and science before and …

Barriers That Iowa High School Biology Teachers Face When Teaching Evolution In The Classroom, Joshua Michael Hanna

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

After decades of court cases, decided in favor of evolution being taught, legal decisions where the incorporation of teaching creationist ideas have been found unconstitutional, and recent strategies and attempts that would have teachers give "equal time" to creation-science ideas; there remains a disparity among Iowa's high school biology teachers when teaching evolutionary concepts in the classroom. Taking a look at what is being taught about evolution in Iowa classrooms, this study takes an in-depth look at what Iowa's biology teachers are teaching when educating their students about evolution, where emphasis is being placed and who is putting the most …

Sales To Grantor Trusts: A Case Study Of What The Irs And Congress Can Do To Curb Aggressive Transfer Tax Techniques, Jay A. Soled, Mitchell Gans

Hofstra Law Faculty Scholarship

Sales to grantor trusts produce magnificent transfer tax savings. Such savings raise an important policy question: What can the IRS and Congress each do to eliminate this and other transfer tax savings devices that erode the transfer tax base? While this analysis does not pretend to have all the answers, it presents straightforward and practical solutions to many of the problems plaguing the nation’s transfer tax system using sales to grantor trusts as a case study.

Towards A Convention For The International Sale Of Real Property: Challenges, Commonalities, And Possibilities, Christopher K. Odinet

Faculty Scholarship

In a world that is increasingly global in scope, society has come to view the ever-growing body of international commercial laws as being exceptionally important. This is evidenced through the adoption of several high profile pieces of legislation over the past several decades: International Interest in Mobile Equipment - Study LXXI, the EU’s Draft Common Frame of Reference, the EU Directives on Consumer Protection, and, most noteworthy of all, the Convention for the International Sale of Goods (CISG).

As raised by Professors Sprankling, Coletta, and Mirow, what has been conspicuously absent from this growing body of laws is an international …

Why Misdemeanors Matter: Defining Effective Advocacy In The Lower Criminal Courts, Jenny Roberts

Hofstra Law Faculty Scholarship

Most individuals accused in our nation’s criminal courts are not charged with murder, rape, drug sales, or even less serious felonies. The vast majority of charges are in the lower courts, for misdemeanors such as marijuana possession, driving with a license suspension for failure to pay tickets, assault, disorderly conduct, or public intoxication. Misdemeanor adjudications have exploded in recent years, with one recent study estimating that the volume of misdemeanor cases nationwide has risen from five to more than ten million between 1972 and 2006. At the same time, violent crime and the number of felony cases across the country …

The Justification Of Positive Law In Plato, Brenner M. Fissell

Hofstra Law Faculty Scholarship

This article argues that Platonic legal philosophy views positive law as justified only because of the problems inherent in human nature, and not, contra natural law thinkers, because of its rationality.

The Curious Case Of Corporate Liability Under The Alien Tort Statute: A Flawed System Of Judicial Lawmaking, Julian G. Ku

Hofstra Law Faculty Scholarship

This article challenges the widely held view that the Alien Tort Statute (ATS) imposes liability on private corporations for violations of customary international law. I lay out the modern origins and development of this cause of action in U.S. federal courts and argue that doctrine rests on shaky, indeed illusory, analytical and jurisprudential foundations. Despite the absence of a well defined norm of customary international law that imposed liability upon private corporations, courts, when they even considered the validity of the claims, built a consensus around the fact that no norm existed forbidding the imposition of liability on private corporations. …

Perception And Practices Of Breastfeeding Of Infants 0-6 Months In An Urban And A Semi-Urban Community In Pakistan: A Cross-Sectional Study, Sumera Ali, Syed Faizan Ali, Ayesha Mallick Imam, Samia Ayub, Abdul Gaffar Billoo

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

OBJECTIVE: To investigate mother's perception and practices about breastfeeding and their socio-demographic correlate in infants equal to or less than 6 months.

METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out on 200 mother-infant pairs who visited the health care centers, Bilal Colony (semi-urban) and the Aga Khan University (urban), for their well baby follow-ups and vaccination using convenient sampling. Frequencies and percentages were computed and Chi-square was used to find associations between socio-demographics of mothers and their perception and practices about breastfeeding.

RESULTS: Exclusive breastfeeding was reported by about 54% of the mothers. Thirty-five percent of the mothers gave prelacteal feed, …

Significance Of Pyuria In The Diagnosis Of Urinary Tract Infections In Neonates, Arshalooz J Rahman, Farah Naz, Sohail Ashraf

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

OBJECTIVES: To determine the significance of pyuria as a predictor of culture proven urinary tract infections (UTI) in neonates and to assess the frequency of urinary tract anomalies in neonates with pyuria.

METHODS: Prospective study conducted at the neonatal intensive care unit of a tertiary care hospital; (Liaquat National Hospital Karachi) for a period of 4 months from April 2008 to August 2008. One hundred and ten consecutive infants < or = 28 days of age admitted to the NICU of Liaquat National Hospital for medical reasons were included in the study. Information regarding age, gender, antenatal history, birth weight, clinical examination, laboratory findings and outcome were recorded on a questionnaire. Septic work up was performed and urine samples were collected using urethral catheterization. Patients showing any number of white blood cells on microscopy were included and their urine sent for culture. All patients had Ultrasound done during their hospital stay and those patients with any renal abnormality were further investigated with Micturating cyestoretherogram (MCUG) at 6 weeks.

RESULTS: Out of one hundred and ten patients admitted, thirty five patients showed the presence of pus cells in urine and were included in the study. Of the 35 neonates with …

Analyst Following, Capital Market Pressure, And Real Activity Manipulation, Melanie Maureen Rose

Theses and Dissertations in Business Administration

I investigate the impact of analyst following on real activity manipulation. Because analysts follow firms and serve as information intermediaries, analyst following should reduce earnings management through real activity manipulation. However, given the negative ramifications of missing analysts' earnings forecasts, the fact that analysts are watching and issuing forecasts might actually create capital market pressures as managers try to ensure that they do not miss earnings targets. Because managers can engage in earnings management through real activities manipulation and accrual manipulation, I control for accrual manipulation in examining the relationship between analyst following and real activity manipulation. I find that …

Spectrum Adaptation In Cognitive Radio Systems With Operating Constraints, Deepak R. Joshi

Electrical & Computer Engineering Theses & Dissertations

The explosion of high-data-rate-demanding wireless applications such as smart-phones and wireless Internet access devices, together with growth of existing wireless services, are creating a shortage of the scarce Radio Frequency (RF) spectrum. However, several spectrum measurement campaigns revealed that current spectrum usage across time and frequency is inefficient, creating the artificial shortage of the spectrum because of the traditional exclusive "command-and-control" model of using the spectrum. Therefore, a new concept of Cognitive Radio (CR) has been emerging recently in which unlicensed users temporarily borrow spectrum from the licensed Primary Users (PU) based on the Dynamic Spectrum Access (DSA) technique that …

The Epithelioid Blue Nevus: A Rare Intraoral Nevomelanocytic Tumor, Atef Hanna, Swati Y. Rawal, Kenneth M. Anderson, Yeshwant B. Rawal

School of Dentistry Faculty Research and Publications

The epithelioid blue nevus (EBN) is considered a cutaneous marker of the Carney complex. Sporadic EBN has been reported in patients not exhibiting the Carney complex. The EBN does not exhibit unique clinical features that help to differentiate it from other lesions and is often provisionally diagnosed as an acquired melanocytic nevus, or a malignant melanoma. A 52-year-old African-American female had a 3-4 mm bluish macule of the left anterior hard palate. An excisional biopsy was performed to rule out an incipient melanoma. Formalin-fixed, hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections were examined microscopically. On the basis of histopathological features, a diagnosis of …

Financial Literacy Or Financial Castigation?, John A. E. Pottow

Articles

This year, the Canadians- through their government-convened Task Force on Financial Literacy - have proudly produced, "Canadians and their Money: Building a Brighter Financial Future." Armed with 30 recommendations, its most dramatic innovation is to recommend the creation of a Financial Literacy Leader. I have been asked to provide an American perspective on this report specifically and the broader agenda of "financial literacy" more generally as a consumer welfare intervention. Let me start by acknowledging the critiques of the Canadian Task Force. For example, my Canadian colleague, Saul Schwartz, has already drafted a compelling analysis of the political economy behind …

How “Struggling” Readers Engage In Literacy Events In Middle School Science: An Analysis Of Interactions In Literacy Events, Kristin Cartwright Palmer

Teaching & Learning Theses & Dissertations

This study examined opportunities for participation and learning for "struggling" readers in a sixth grade science classroom. Literacy practices, language differences, activity structures, and the social and cultural identities and associated practices and everyday funds of knowledge of both "struggling" and nonstruggling readers in one sixth grade science classroom were documented and analyzed using a qualitative research design. Over sixteen hours of audio and video recordings as well as numerous student work samples were transcribed and analyzed. Analyses of the classroom interactions and artifacts documented in this study revealed several important affordances available in the context of this classroom related …

Education And Economy: The Impact Of Investment In Human Capital Through Education On Unemployment, Zafer Pirim

Educational Leadership & Workforce Development Theses & Dissertations

The impact of investment in human capital on economy has always been discussed in the literature. Existing studies in the literature generally focus on short term impacts of investment in human capital. While some studies see significant impact, some other ones see little or no impact. This study manipulated data that was cover a long span of time, a 25-year period. In this study the researcher inquired whether there is a significant correlation between education and economy in terms of the impacts of investment in human capital on unemployment over a long span of time. In this empirical study panel …