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Implementation Of A Novel Continuous Fetal Doppler (Moyo) Improves Quality Of Intrapartum Fetal Heart Rate Monitoring In A Resource-Limited Tertiary Hospital In Tanzania: An Observational Study, Benjamin A. Kamala, Hege L. Ersdal, Ingvild Dalen, Muzdalfat Abeid, Matilda M. Ngarina, Jeffrey M. Perlman, Hussein Kidanto

Faculty of Health Sciences, East Africa

Background

Intrapartum Fetal Heart Rate (FHR) monitoring is crucial for the early detection of abnormal FHR, facilitating timely obstetric interventions and thus the potential reduction of adverse perinatal outcomes. We explored midwifery practices of intrapartum FHR monitoring pre and post implementation of a novel continuous automatic Doppler device (the Moyo).

Methodology

A pre/post observational study among low-risk pregnancies at a tertiary hospital was conducted from March to December 2016. In the pre-implementation period, intermittent monitoring was conducted with a Pinard stethoscope (March to June 2016, n = 1640 women). In the post-implementation period, Moyo was used for continuous FHR monitoring …

Neonatal Vitamin A Supplementation For The Prevention Of Mortality And Morbidity In Term Neonates In Developing Countries, Batool A. Haider, Zulfiqar Ahmed Bhutta

Woman and Child Health

Background:Vitamin A deficiency is a major public health problem in developing countries. Vitamin A supplementation in children greater than six months of age has been found to be beneficial, with no effect of supplementation between one to five months. Supplementation in the neonatal period has been suggested to have an impact by increasing body stores in early infancy.
Objectives: To evaluate the role of vitamin A supplementation in term neonates in developing countries with respect to the prevention of mortality and morbidity.
Search strategy: We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (The Cochrane Library, May …

A Study Of Sponge Aquaculture In Jambiani: Is Shallow Farming Feasible?, Sarah Friday

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

In the village of Jambiani, Unguja, a Swiss NGO called Marine Cultures has established an experimental sponge farming initiative to improve local employment and support economic development. Currently, the main farming site is only accessible through SCUBA diving. This is consistent with experimental farm sites in other oceanic regions, as most are located in depths of at least five meters with sponges suspended vertically to maximize water flow exposure. Farms located in shallower water may not be conducive to sponge growth due to highly variable environmental conditions; however, no conclusive research has been conducted on this matter (Duckworth 2009). Nonetheless, …

Seaweed Farmer Education: Is It Enough To Sustain The Industry? Analyzing The Status Of Stakeholder Investment In Muungoni And Jambiani, Unguja, Erika Davis

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

Since Filipino researchers arrived in Zanzibar to determine the potential for cultivation of seaweed more than 20 years ago, the islands' coastal communities have relied on the resource as a main or alternative source of income. When the companies started investing at the industry’s onset, trained personnel offered farmers' education on proper farming techniques for Spinosum (Eucheuma denticulatum) and Cottonii (Kappaphycus spp.) by establishing demonstrative (demo) farms and holding seminars. Today, informal training involves experienced farmers teaching the newcomers their techniques. While demo farms remain in some villages, companies offer no extension services based on the belief that the farmers …

Food Insecurity And Sexual Risk In An Hiv Endemic Community In Uganda, Cari L. Miller, David R. Bangsberg, David M. Tuller, Jude Senkungu, Annet Kawuma, Edward A. Frongillo Jr., Sheri D. Weiser

Faculty Publications

Food insecurity has been linked to high-risk sexual behavior in sub-Saharan Africa, but there are limited data on these links among people living with HIV/AIDS, and on the mechanisms for how food insecurity predisposes individuals to risky sexual practices. We undertook a series of in-depth open-ended interviews with 41 individuals living with HIV/AIDS to understand the impact of food insecurity on sexual-risk behaviors. Participants were recruited from the Immune Suppression Clinic at the Mbarara University of Science and Technology in Mbarara, Uganda. Interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim, translated, and coded following the strategy of grounded theory. Four major themes emerged …

On Selecting A Judicial System(S) To Try Sea Pirates - An Interesting/Necessary Exercise But Is It Enough To Deter The Attacks/Hijackings, Barry Hart Dubner, Joseph P. Henn,

Journal of Maritime Law and Commerce

No abstract provided.

Editor's Introduction (English)

Spiritan Horizons

No abstract provided.

Bagamoyo And The Spiritans, Florentine Mallya C.S.Sp.

Spiritan Horizons

No abstract provided.

Summary Report On Water Resources Management In Sub-Saharan Africa Workshops, Narendra Sharma

Journal of Contemporary Water Research and Education

No abstract provided.

So, What Is Terrorism? Framing The 9/11 Attacks In African Editorial Cartoons, Duncan Mainye Omanga

Re-visioning Terrorism

As artifacts of political culture, editorial cartoons reveal prevalent public opinion on a particular issue with direct or indirect effects to members of society. The central question addressed in this paper is how editorial cartoons in Kenya’s press framed the 9/11 event and the extent to which such framing accorded or denied terrorists, government agencies and other stakeholders legitimacy. Specifically, the section probes the extent to which the dominant frames careered, and whether framing tilted away or towards legitimizing or delegitimizing terrorism. From these, conclusions are drawn on the extent to which particular aspects of knowledge, opinion or ideologies were …

Taxonomy, Identification, And Phylogeny Of The African And Madagascan Species Of The Tiger Beetle Genus Chaetodera Jeannel 1946 (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae), Jonathan R. Mawdsley

Insecta Mundi

The taxonomy of the African and Madagascan species of the tiger beetle genus Chaetodera Jeannel 1946 (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae) is reviewed based on studies of primary types and additional museum specimens. Six species are recognized: C. andriana (Alluaud 1900), C. antatsima (Alluaud 1902), C. blanchardi (Fairmaire 1882), C. maheva (Künckel d’Herculais 1887), C. perrieri (Fairmaire 1897), and C. regalis (Dejean 1831). All species are illustrated, including color variants, and a key to species and maps of species distributions are provided. A hypothesis of phylogenetic relationships is proposed for the nine worldwide species of the genus Chaetodera based on computerized parsimony analysis …

Learning, Misallocation, And Technology Adoption: Evidence From New Malaria Therapy In Tanzania, Achyuta Adhvaryu

Discussion Papers

No abstract provided.

I. The Synthesis And Coordination Chemistry Of Novel 6Π-Electron Ligands. Ii. Improvement Of Student Writing Skills In Chemistry Lab Reports Through The Use Of Calibrated Peer Review, Wilson Ngambeki William

Chemistry and Chemical Biology ETDs

ABSTRACT I

The goal of this study was to synthesize and characterize a set of coordination complexes containing 6π-cationic ligands. These compounds could be extremely useful as catalysts for the polymerization of olefins that are widely used in the synthetic polymer industry. The original strategy was to synthesize the 6π-cationic ligands using (Ph₂P)₃CH (1) and (Me₂P)₃CH (10) as precursors; however, both precursors 1 and 10 were found to be highly reactive leading to the fragmentation products (Ph₂P)₂CH₂ and (Me₂P)₂CH₂ respectively. In trying …

The 9/11 Commission And The White House: Issues Of Executive Privilege And Separation Of Powers, Daniel Marcus

American University National Security Law Brief

No abstract provided.

Effect Of Variable Transmission Rate On The Dynamics Of Hiv In Sub-Saharan Africa, Diego F. Cuadros, Phillip H. Crowley, Ben Augustine, Sarah L. Stewart, Gisela García-Ramos

Biology Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: The cause of the high HIV prevalence in sub-Saharan Africa is incompletely understood, with heterosexual penile-vaginal transmission proposed as the main mechanism. Heterosexual HIV transmission has been estimated to have a very low probability; but effects of cofactors that vary in space and time may substantially alter this pattern.

METHODS: To test the effect of individual variation in the HIV infectiousness generated by co-infection, we developed and analyzed a mathematical sexual network model that simulates the behavioral components of a population from Malawi, as well as the dynamics of HIV and the co-infection effect caused by other infectious diseases, …

August 2011 Commencement Program, Bowling Green State University

Commencement Programs

No abstract provided.

Going Solo With Roald Dahl: Life Rewritten Through Memory, Jeannine Huenemann

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Roald Dahl does not easily fit into a category as a writer, contributing fiction and nonfiction to both children and adult audiences. Faced with this ambiguity, the literary community has mostly ignored his contributions since he is mainly viewed as a children‘s author. Late in life, Dahl created two autobiographies, Boy: Tales of Childhood (1984), and Going Solo (1986), as venues for sharing his many embellished, personal stories. This thesis focuses on Going Solo, the second of these two books which explores Dahl‘s three-year departure from England, including his enlistment in the Royal Air Force during World War II. …

The Rights Of Children Affected By Aids: A Policy Paper Focusing On The Right To Education, Gita Jaffe

All Dissertations

HIV and AIDS have the potential to surpass every catastrophe in Africa's history, because they encompass all of the past vulnerabilities. Thirty years after the identification of HIV, a transition from medical disease to social epidemic has occurred. The impact on family and community is threatening current economic, medical and social systems. In sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), the region most adversely affected, 14 million children have already been orphaned (UNAIDS, 2008). And at the core of the burgeoning orphan crisis, children affected by AIDS (CABA) are unable to exercise their rights, based on their position in society. This paper will concentrate …

Victims Who Victimize: A Multifactorial Model Of The Ptsd/ Ipv Link In Oef/Oif Veterans, Heidi Lary Kar

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

Veterans with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) are more prone to perpetrating intimate partner violence (IPV) than are males in the general community or veterans not suffering from PTSD. However, there is little research on the PTSD-IPV link (IPV) among younger OEF/OIF veterans and on the factors that drive this association in general. PTSD may lead to increased risk for IPV through its impact on emotional intimacy. To test the hypothesis that emotional intimacy mediates the PTSD/IPV link, a sample of 110 male participants was recruited from the VAMC in Northport, NY. PTSD, IPV, and relationship functioning were assessed via a …

Enumeration Of Cd4+ T-Cells Using A Portable Microchip Count Platform In Tanzanian Hiv-Infected Patients, Umut A. Gurkan

Faculty Scholarship

Background: CD4+ T-lymphocyte count (CD4 count) is a standard method used to monitor HIV-infected patients during anti-retroviral therapy (ART). The World Health Organization (WHO) has pointed out or recommended that a handheld, point-of-care, reliable, and affordable CD4 count platform is urgently needed in resource-scarce settings. Methods: HIV-infected patient blood samples were tested at the point-of-care using a portable and label-free microchip CD4 count platform that we have developed. A total of 130 HIV-infected patient samples were collected that included 16 de-identified left over blood samples from Brigham and Women’s Hospital (BWH), and 114 left over samples from Muhimbili University of …

Quantitative Structure-Property Relationships For Predicting Chlorine Demand And Disinfection Byproducts Formation In Drinking Water, Gebhard Balthazar Luilo

Chemistry and Chemical Biology ETDs

Models are important tools for designing or redesigning water treatment processes and technologies to minimize disinfection byproducts (DBPs) formation without compromising disinfection efficiency. Empirical models, which are the most common, are based on bulk water quality parameters that vary with time and space. These parameters may not always have linear relationships with chlorine demand and DBPs formation which make structure-based models more attractive to study. In this dissertation, Quantitative Structure-Property Relationship (QSPR) models which make use of structural properties of individual molecules were developed using experimental data obtained from the literature. The amounts are reported in moles of chlorine (HOCl) …

Spectroscopic And Electronic Structure Studies Of Bis-Metallodithiolenes, Regina Peter Mtei

Chemistry and Chemical Biology ETDs

Dimethylsulfoxide reductase (DMSOR) enzyme family members catalyze oxygen atom transfer to or from organic or inorganic substrate and play important roles in the global cycles of sulfur and nitrogen, as well as the detoxification of arsenite. This enzyme has recently been subject of investigation due to its catalytic nature of oxygen atom transfer. This work reports on the electronic structure and reactivity properties of dimethylsulfoxide reductase enzyme studied using spectroscopic and computational methods. The spectroscopic methods included electronic absorption (EA), electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) and resonance Raman rRaman). Here, we report full characterization of the DMSOR …

Spectroscopic And Electronic Structure Studies Of Metalloenzyme Active Sites, Joseph Sempombe

Chemistry and Chemical Biology ETDs

This work reports on the electronic and geometric structural studies of xanthine oxidoreductase (XO), S-ribosylhomocysteinase (LuxS) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) active sites resulting from the joint applications of electronic absorption, electron paramagnetic resonance and magnetic circular dichroism spectroscopic methods. XO catalyzes formal oxygen atom insertion into a substrate C-H bond, but differs from monooxygenase enzymes in that the inserted oxygen atom derives from metal activated water and reducing equivalents are generated rather than consumed. Studies on aldehyde inhibited' XO (a paramagnetic form observed during XO catalysis), analyzed in terms of the relationships between the g-, ^95,97Mo hyperfine, …

Dynamics Of Hiv-1 Associated Kaposi Sarcoma During Haart Therapy, Frank Nani, Mingxian Jin

Math and Computer Science Faculty Working Papers

The techniques of mathematical modeling and investigative computer simulations are used to study the qualitative aspects of the patho-physiodynamics of HIV-1 associated Kaposi sarcoma (KS) during Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy (HAART) of AIDS. Using a system of non-linear deterministic differential equations, the model incorporates the biologically measurable and clinically relevant immunological interactions and parameters. In particular, the computer simulations elucidate the role of CD8+ T lymphocyte in the annihilation and persistence of Kaposi sarcoma during HAART.

Biztech Summer 2011, Southern Adventist University

BizTech – School of Business Newsletter (Retired)

The summer 2011 edition of BizTech features articles on integrating faith and business, serving in Tanzania, and the business department's trip to China.

A Guide For Homeland Security Instructors Preparing Physical Critical Infrastructure Protection Courses, Steven Hart, James D. Ramsay

Applied Aviation Sciences - Daytona Beach

Over 350 academic programs in the United States currently offer instruction in the field of homeland defense and security. In spite of this growth at the program level over the past ten years, there still exists a shortage of instructors and coursework in critical infrastructure protection (CIP). Traditional instructor preparation (which is accomplished through the attainment of an advanced degree coupled with research and professional experience) does not currently produce enough instructors qualified in CIP because of the extremely limited number of CIP-related educational opportunities. Therefore, an alternate venue for instructor preparation must be provided. This article addresses that need …

Aku-Nama : Summer 2011, Volume 4, Issue 1, Aga Khan University Alumni Association

The Aga Khan University Newsletter and Magazine for Alumni (AKU-NAMA)

No abstract provided.

Monitoring And Evaluation Of Electronic Resources In Academic And Research Institutions In Kenya, Nasra Gathoni, Evan Njoroge, Agatha Kabugu, Damiana Kiilu, Felicitas Ratanya, Jane Gikandi, Eddah Wasike

Libraries

The revolution of Information Communication and Technology has brought a great change in the way libraries are providing services. Libraries have continued to embrace these technologies vis‐à‐vis Internet thus seeing the introduction of electronic resources to the library collection and services. The availability of good internet connectivity is essential in the provision of electronic resources. Kenya has had internet since 1996 (Mutula, 2001) and over the years there has been great effort to improve connectivity such as the recent introduction of fibre optic cable in 2009. The need for good internet connectivity has also been supported by initiatives such as …

Tanzanian Nurses Understanding And Practice Of Spiritual Care, Khairunnisa Aziz Dhamani, Pauline Paul, Joanne Kaye Olson

School of Nursing & Midwifery, East Africa

Spirituality, as a basic characteristic of humans and a contributor to human health, is regarded as part of nursing practice. The purpose of this study was to examine how Tanzanian nurses understand spirituality and spiritual care. Using the qualitative method of interpretive description, fifteen registered nurses engaged in clinical practice in a Tanzanian hospital were recruited to participate in this study. In-depth interviews using open-ended questions were carried out, tape-recorded, and transcribed verbatim. Data collection and inductive analysis occurred concurrently. In this paper, key findings are grouped under the following headings: meaning of spiritual care, recognition of spiritual needs, and …

Importance Of Behavior And Morphological Traits For Controlling Body Temperature In Littorinid Snails, Luke Miller, Mark Denny

Faculty Publications, Biological Sciences

For organisms living in the intertidal zone, temperature is an important selective agent that can shape species distributions and drive phenotypic variation among populations. Littorinid snails, which occupy the upper limits of rocky shores and estuaries worldwide, often experience extreme high temperatures and prolonged aerial emersion during low tides, yet their robust physiology—coupled with morphological and behavioral traits—permits these gastropods to persist and exert strong grazing control over algal communities. We use a mechanistic heat-budget model to compare the effects of behavioral and morphological traits on the body temperatures of five species of littorinid snails under natural weather conditions. Model …