Digital Commons Network^™

A Home In The City: Women's Struggle To Secure Adequate Housing In Urban Tanzania, Katherine Hughes, Elisabeth Wickeri

Fordham International Law Journal

This Report presents the findings of this research effort. Part I sets out the history of Tanzania's informal settlements, including an overview of the evolution that led to the current housing crisis. Part I then reviews Tanzania's obligations under international and domestic law regarding the right to adequate housing and intersecting issues.Part II documents women's struggle to obtain adequate housing in urban Tanzania. This Part first identifies the multiple barriers women face in securing and retaining housing in Tanzanian cities, including discriminatory laws and practices, deeply entrenched patriarchal attitudes, and HIV/AIDS stigma and discrimination. Part II then explores how the …

Adolescence Is An Ocean: A Biocultural Investigation Of Youth Food Consumption In Tanzania, Elizabeth J. Danforth

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

This study investigates adolescents' relationships with food and other community and household members' perceptions of youth and their food consumption to understand the multifactorial dynamic processes which create nutritional outcomes among urban and rural youth in central Tanzania. Youth are an important and demographically large population in developing countries. The identities created during this distinct stage of cultural production can be reflected in youths' food consumption and relationships with food. Nutrition likely affects how youth transition through a variety of states, including their growth and development stages, primary to secondary to higher education, child to parent, or unemployed to employed. …

Serostatus Disclosure Among Adults With Hiv In The Era Of Hiv Therapy, Enbal Shacham, Eusebius Small, Nur Onen, Kate Stamm, E. Turner Overton

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Efficacy And Safety Of Artemether-Lumefantrine In The Treatment Of Acute, Uncomplicated Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria: A Pooled Analysis, M. Makanga, Q. Bassat, C.O. Falade, Zul Premji, S. Krudsood, P. Hunt, V. Walter, H.-P. Beck, A.-C. Marrast, M. Cousin, P.J. Rosenthal

Pathology, East Africa

Randomized trials have confirmed the efficacy and safety of artemether-lumefantrine (AL) for treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Data from seven studies supported by Novartis (1996-2007), including 647 adults (> 16 years of age, 83.3% completed the study) and 1,332 children (≤ 16 years of age, 89.3% completed the study) with microscopically confirmed uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria and treated with the recommended regimen of AL, were pooled. The 28-day polymerase chain reaction-corrected parasitologic cure rate (primary efficacy endpoint) was 97.1% (495 of 510) in adults and 97.3% (792 of 814) in children (evaluable population). Gametocytemia prevalence after day was 4.2% …

Population Health Metrics Research Consortium Gold Standard Verbal Autopsy Validation Study: Design, Implementation, And Development Of Analysis Datasets, C.J.L. Murray, A.D. Lopez, R. Black, R. Ahuja, S.M. Ali, A. Baqui, L. Dandona, E. Dantzer, Vinita Das, U. Dhingra, A. Dutta, W. Fawzi, A.D. Flaxman, S. Gomez, B. Hernandez, R. Joshi, H. Kalter, A. Kumar, V. Kumar, R. Lozano, M. Lucero, S. Mehta, B. Neal, S.L. Ohno, R. Prasad, D. Praveen, Zul Premji, D. Ramirez-Villalobos, H. Remolador, I. Riley, M. Romero, M. Said, D. Sanvictores

Pathology, East Africa

Background: Verbal autopsy methods are critically important for evaluating the leading causes of death in populations without adequate vital registration systems. With a myriad of analytical and data collection approaches, it is essential to create a high quality validation dataset from different populations to evaluate comparative method performance and make recommendations for future verbal autopsy implementation. This study was undertaken to compile a set of strictly defined gold standard deaths for which verbal autopsies were collected to validate the accuracy of different methods of verbal autopsy cause of death assignment.

Methods: Data collection was implemented in six sites in four …

The Geographic Profiling Of Poverty And Accessibility: The Case Of Two Provinces In The Philippines, Alexis M. Fillone, Nicanor Roxas Jr., Cristela G. Dakila

DLSU Business & Economics Review

This study attempts to relate the poverty problem in the Philippines using spatial accessibility measures. Spatial accessibility is the ease with which one could avail of the social services and economic opportunities laid in geographic space to the individual. Using the provinces of Eastern Samar and Siquijor Island as case studies, a Social Composite Index (SCI) value for the household was derived from the 13+1 CBMS core indicators of poverty, which represents the unmet needs of the household and which was then aggregated at the barangay level. The spatial accessibility values were estimated by measuring how each barangay, specifically households, …

The Origins Of Lactase Persistence And Ongoing Convergent Evolution, Beth A. Keller

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

As a primary factor in human evolution, natural selection is an important component of genetic research. Studies of lactase persistence suggest that positive selection has played a powerful role in the adaptation to a lifelong consumption of fresh milk. Using multiple research studies of lactase persistence and suspected corresponding single nucleotide genetic polymorphisms, this study combines data sources to determine whether evidence exists for natural selection of a specific cytosine-to-thymine genetic mutation located 13,910 base pairs (T-13910) upstream from the lactase gene. This polymorphism has potential to be a causal element for lactase persistence, and data suggest that natural selection …

Individual, Socio-Cultural And Structural Factors Associated With Cervical Cancer Screening And Treatment In Tanzania, Renicha Tomeka Mccree-Hale

All ETDs from UAB

Most African countries including Tanzania have limited cervical cancer screening and treatment programs. Only about 5% of women have ever been screened for cervical cancer. A constellation of individual and structural factors contributes to the challenge of cervical cancer screening and treatment in countries that bear significant burdens of disease. Yet, little is known about country specific factors that may constrain or facilitate scale up of health services. This dissertation is an attempt to identify and understand the country specific individual and structural barriers along with facilitators to cervical cancer screening and treatment in Tanzania. Individual, institutional and structural level …

Plasmodium Falciparum Population Dynamics During The Early Phase Of Anti-Malarial Drug Treatment In Tanzanian Children With Acute Uncomplicated Malaria, A.M. Carlsson, B.E. Ngasala, S. Dahlstrom, C. Membi, I.M. Veiga, L. Rombo, S. Abdulla, Zul Premji, J.P. Gil, A. Bjorkman, A. Martensson

Pathology, East Africa

Background: This study aimed to explore Plasmodium falciparum population dynamics during the early phase of anti-malarial drug treatment with artemisinin-based combination therapy in children with clinical malaria in a high transmission area in Africa.

Methods: A total of 50 children aged 1-10 years with acute uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria in Bagamoyo District, Tanzania, were enrolled. Participants were hospitalized and received supervised standard treatment with artemether-lumefantrine according to body weight in six doses over 3 days. Blood samples were collected 11 times, i.e. at time of diagnosis (-2 h) and 0, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24, 36, 48, 60 and 72 …

Effectiveness Of Artemether-Lumefantrine Provided By Community Health Workers In Under-Five Children With Uncomplicated Malaria In Rural Tanzania: An Open Label Prospective Study, B.E. Ngasala, M. Malmberg, A.M. Carlsson, P.E. Ferreira, M.G. Petzold, D. Blessborn, Y. Bergqvist, J.P. Gil, Zul Premji, A. Martensson

Pathology, East Africa

Background: Home-management of malaria (HMM) strategy improves early access of anti-malarial medicines to high-risk groups in remote areas of sub-Saharan Africa. However, limited data are available on the effectiveness of using artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) within the HMM strategy. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of artemether-lumefantrine (AL), presently the most favoured ACT in Africa, in under-five children with uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Tanzania, when provided by community health workers (CHWs) and administered unsupervised by parents or guardians at home.

Methods: An open label, single arm prospective study was conducted in two rural villages …

Community Screening And Treatment Of Asymptomatic Carriers Of Plasmodium Falciparum With Artemether-Lumefantrine To Reduce Malaria Disease Burden: A Modelling And Simulation Analysis, S.E. Kern, A.B. Tiono, M. Makanga, A. Gbadoe, Zul Premji, O. Gaye, I. Sagara, D. Ubben, M. Cousin, F. Oladiran, O. Sander, B. Ogutu

Pathology, East Africa

Background: Asymptomatic carriers of Plasmodium falciparum serve as a reservoir of parasites for malaria transmission. Identification and treatment of asymptomatic carriers within a region may reduce the parasite reservoir and influence malaria transmission in that area.

Methods: Using computer simulation, this analysis explored the impact of community screening campaigns (CSC) followed by systematic treatment of P. falciparum asymptomatic carriers (AC) with artemether-lumefantrine (AL) on disease transmission. The model created by Okell et al (originally designed to explore the impact of the introduction of treatment with artemisinin-based combination therapy on malaria endemicity) was modified to represent CSC and treatment of …

Aku Newsletter : Winter 2011, Volume 12, Issue 2, Aga Khan University

The Aga Khan University Newsletters

No abstract provided.

Framing 10/12 And 3/11 In American And European News, Andrea Lypka

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

This media analysis of the incidents in Bali in 2002 (10/12) and Madrid in 2004 (3/11) reveals the black and white portrayal of these attacks in western news through the localization of international terrorism occurrences, pro-government perspective, and internalization of U.S. policies. The Old Europe and New Europe debate further fractures the European press. Such rhetoric perpetuates the "us versus them" schism by contrasting the goals of the alleged perpetrators with the western values of democracy and freedom. Governmental sources remain central news sources during these crises. In addition, 9/11, war on terrorism, and fear from further attacks dominate news …

African Language Publishing For Children In South Africa: Challenges For Translators, Viv Edwards, Jacob Marriote Ngwaru

Institute for Educational Development, East Africa

The commitment to multilingualism embedded in the 1996 South African Constitution has wide ranging implications for many aspects of education. This paper focuses on the dearth of teaching and learning materials in African languages required to deliver effective bilingual education, and on the potential role of translation in offering solutions for this problem. Drawing on an analysis of currently available African language books for children and interviews with educators, writers, publishers, translators and organisations concerned with book promotion, it explores issues which have emerged as critical for both the quality and availability of translation. Attention is drawn to the ways …

Coping With Forest Fragmentation: A Comparison Of Colobus Angolensis Palliatus Dietary Diversity And Behavioral Plasticity In The East Sagara Forest, Tanzania., Noah T. Dunham

Honors Projects

Habitat destruction and forest fragmentation are perhaps the largest threats to primate species around the world. While national parks, games reserves, and primate sanctuaries are instrumental in primate conservation, research suggests that some non-governmentally protected forest fragments may also serve as viable habitats for primates. Of course not all primates respond to fragmentation in the same way, but a species’ ability to survive in a fragment relates to 1) home range size 2) degree of frugivory 3) dietary flexibility and behavioral plasticity and 4) ability to utilize matrix habitats. Here I describe these variables in relation to black and white …

Mechano-Enzymatic Pretreatment Of Lignocellulosic Biomass, Bibu Philip George

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Recalcitrance of lignocellulosic cell wall is a major hurdle that needs to be disrupted for biochemical refinery to be successful. Pretreatment of lignocellulosic materials play a key role for the conversion of lignocellulosic feed stocks to fermentable sugars. At present, various pretreatment technologies mainly achieved by empirical methods are available for the production of sugars from lignocellulosic polysaccharides. These methods depend largely upon the "demolition" of the cell wall by strong chemicals or using high energy input. As a result, these processes release "smaller compounds" as by-products or end products which inhibits downstream fermentation of monomeric sugars.;This project is a …

Use Of The Internet In Government First Grade College Libraries In Bidar District, D. B. Patil

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

Internet has revolutionized the world of information. It is one of two technological innovations that have greatly influence the development of communication strategies and practices in both the general and the business communities of the world. The first was the invention of the printing press, Gutenberg’s invention served to democratize the possession and transmission of texts, made the production of books much easier and cheaper than the manuscript method it replaced. The Internet provides new horizons for the researcher. A potentially vast population of all kinds of individuals and groups may be more easily reached than ever before, across geographical …

Computer And Internet Facilities Use In Distance Education: A Survey Of Sandwich Students Of University Of Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria, Samson Oyeniyi Akande

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

Education is an agent of transformation and change. Many people who cannot afford traditional educational delivery have opted for distance education.Distance education emphasizes electronic communications and use of ICT facilities, but few studies have been conducted to investigate the level of use of computer and Internet facilities by sandwich students in Nigerian universities. "Sandwich students" take an extra year to complete their degrees. The extra year is spent gaining relevant work experience.This study investigates the extent to which the sandwich students make use of computer and Internet facilities for their programme using the University of Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria, as a case …

Same-Sex Marriage And The New Judicial Federalism: Why State Courts Should Not Consider Out-Of-State Backlash, Neal Devins

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.