Digital Commons Network^™

Prevention As The Primary Goal Of Sentencing: The Modern Case For Indeterminate Dispositions In Criminal Cases, Christopher Slobogin

San Diego Law Review

This Article contends that properly constituted, indeterminate sentencing is both a morally defensible method of preventing crime and the optimal regime for doing so, at least for crimes against person and most other street crimes.

More specifically, the position defended in this Article is that, once a person is convicted of an offense, the duration and nature of sentence should be based on a back-end decision made by experts in recidivism reduction, within broad ranges set by the legislature. Compared to determinate sentencing, the sentencing regime advanced in this Article relies on wider sentence ranges and explicit assessments of risk, …

Prevention And Imminence, Pre-Punishment And Actuality, Gideon Yaffe

San Diego Law Review

In a variety of circumstances, it is justified to harm persons, or deprive them of liberty, in order to prevent them from doing something objectionable. We see this in interactions between individuals--think of self-defense or defense of others--and we see it in large-scale interactions among groups--think of preemptive measures taken by countries against conspiring terrorists, plotting dictators, or ambitious nations. We can argue, of course, about the details. Under exactly what conditions is it justified to inflict harm or deprive someone of liberty for reasons of prevention? But in having such arguments we agree on the fundamental idea: there are …

Good Governance, Transparency And Regulatory Issues In Financial Sector Development And Stability, Bolaji Owasanoye

Economic and Financial Review

This paper dwells on good governance, transparency and regulatory issues in financial sector development and stability. It starts off by defining the concepts of good governance and transparency. It goes further to discuss the financial services sector as well as regulation and development. It also discusses the relationship between transparency and accountability and further highlights the regulatory powers of the CBN relative to a developing economy.

The Other Side Of Health Care Reform: An Analysis Of The Missed Opportunity Regarding Infertility Treatments., Nizan Geslevich Packin

The Scholar: St. Mary's Law Review on Race and Social Justice

Recent studies show that one in eight American couples suffered from infertility. Infertility treatments are riddled with accessibility barriers including high costs, marital status, and sexual orientation. Despite President Obama’s promise of universal health care, his health care reform acts missed the opportunity to squarely address this widespread problem. In fact, the recent health care reform did not include any provisions specific to fertility. Despite this glaring oversight, this article argues that regulators interpreting the acts can still provide the desired relief. The minimum coverage requirements beginning in 2014 can be interpreted to include fertility care if infertility is treated …

Dividing Stereotyping And Religion: The Legal Implications Of The Ambiguous References To Voodoo In U.S. Court Proceedings., Danielle N. Boaz

The Scholar: St. Mary's Law Review on Race and Social Justice

In human rights law, freedom of religion generally possesses three main components: the right to freedom of thought and conscience, freedom to manifest religion or beliefs, and freedom to profess, disseminate, or share religion or beliefs. The latter two are typically subject to restrictions such as public safety, health, morals, and the rights and freedoms of others. They are also the two most often litigated components. For centuries, colonizers deprived practitioners of their freedom of religion in the Americas – specifically African-based traditions, such as Voodoo. Stereotypes about Voodoo, which stem from early colonizer observance and belief that Haitians were …

Countering Criminalization: Toward A Youth Development Approach To School Searches., Sarah Jane Forman

The Scholar: St. Mary's Law Review on Race and Social Justice

Public schools are supposed to be the foundation for American students’ civic education. Students do not only gain this education through the curriculum but also through extra-curricular political and legal socialization occurring in schools. Large metropolitan school districts face a myriad of serious challenges, including inadequate funding low literacy, high dropout rates, teen pregnancy, and legitimate school safety concerns. Instead of being educated in the manners of civility, students are treated as threats to public safety the minute they walk through the metal detector at the schoolhouse door. Citizen education devolves into ghetto education when schools adopt a prison-like culture. …

In Times Of Medical Crisis: Inadequacy Of Legal Remedies Available To Sexual Minorities., A. Nicole Kwapisz

The Scholar: St. Mary's Law Review on Race and Social Justice

Society has become more tolerant and accepting of changes to the social order. Yet many people still feel the need to cover when in public. Covering is a practice of sexual minorities hiding who they really are for fear of judgment and stereotyping. The media portrayal of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (collectively LGBT) issues allows people to grow more comfortable and accepting of sexual minorities. In the climate of change and acceptance, many LGBT individuals choose to live their lives cover-free. However, refusing to downplay their stigmatized identities leads to routine denial of equal treatment. The rights of sexual …

Lead And Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Meta-Analysis, James Kenneth Goodlad Iii

Master's Theses

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is thought to have a significant neurological component, and several brain structures have been implicated. Environmental variables like lead have been shown to affect brain structures, which in turn impacts cognitive development and behavior. Some studies have begun to associate environmental variables like lead with the inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive symptoms of ADHD. This meta-analysis examined the association between different components of ADHD (including attention problems and hyperactivity/impulsivity) and level of lead exposure in children and adolescents. Articles focusing on the association between lead and inattention or hyperactivity-impulsivity symptoms were gathered from the online databases PsycINFO and Medline. …

A Meta-Analysis Of Component Treatment Studies: Are The Parts As Good As The Whole?, Erin Jane Clarke

Master's Theses

Psychotherapy has been proven effective in treating a variety of mental health issues. However, there is disagreement in psychotherapy research about whether or not factors common to all psychotherapies or specific ingredients within a treatment package are responsible for successful treatment outcomes. Component studies are research designs specifically aimed at identifying the mechanisms of change in a full treatment package. Component studies do this by comparing the differences in outcome among dismantled treatment components and the full treatment protocol. The present metaanalytic review of component studies examined whether or not differences between these two treatment groups generally exist. Fifty-nine component …

State Super-Maximum Security Policies: An Examination Of Admission Characteristics, Classification Reviews, Mental Health Amenities, And Inmate Privileges, Harry Daniel Butler

Master's Theses

Super-maximum security prisons have flourished within a political environment that endorses tougher criminal sanctions. This punitive evolution has created new problems for correctional agencies attempting to control the “worst of the worst” inmates. Federal courts and researchers have examined the detrimental effects supermax isolation has on inmates’ mental health. This analysis examines forty-two state supermax policies to determine how states admit inmates to supermax custody, the classification review process, the management of inmates with mental illnesses, and the availability of privileges for supermax inmates. Drawing on the concept of the McDonaldization of Justice (Ritzer, 1993), particular attention is given to …

The Relationship Between Salivary Cortisol Levels And Stressful Behaviors Upon The Introduction Of A New Exhibit Mate In Captive Black And Gold Howler Monkeys (Alouatta Caraya) At The Hattiesburg Zoo, Cassie Mechelle Chandler

Master's Theses

Salivary cortisol levels were taken on a male and a female howler monkey and compared with behavioral observations during their introduction to one another into an exhibit at the Hattiesburg Zoo in order to determine the link between behavior and stress. This study sought to answer the following research questions: What behavioral responses occur when two howler monkeys are introduced into the same exhibit at a zoo? How stressed are the animals at different stages of the introduction? And, what is the correlation between behaviors and hormones, if any?

The study spanned four phases including a baseline phase, the initial …

A Comparison Of The Effects Of A Function-Based Intervention To A Non-Function-Based Intervention To Address Problem Behaviors In Preschoolers, Katherine Marie Bellone

Master's Theses

Problem behaviors occur frequently among preschool children in classrooms, impeding academic development. Past methods employed for development of behavioral interventions include functional assessment and use of evidence-based practices. The current investigation sought to empirically compare the effectiveness of both function-based and non-function-based interventions to increase appropriate engagement and decrease occurrence of problem behaviors. Participants included three preschool children, two attending pre-kindergarten classrooms at an elementary school and one at a Head Start Center. Differential reinforcement of alternative behavior was used as the function-based intervention and was compared to a token economy intervention in an Alternating Treatments Design. Results indicated that …

The Effects Of Check In/Check Out On Levels Of Problem Behavior And Academic Engagement In Elementary School Students, Leila Mullooly Miller

Master's Theses

Previous studies have largely evaluated the effects of check in/ check out (CICO) using office discipline referrals (ODRs). However, ODRs are not always reliable measures of student behavior, and direct observation is known to be an accurate tool for behavioral measurement. Due to this, the current study used direct observations to evaluate the effects of CICO on levels of problem behavior and academic engagement for a group of elementary school students. One second, one fourth, and one sixth grade student served as participants. Results indicate CICO is effective in decreasing problem behavior and increasing academic engagement. Data from teacher ratings …

Motivating Factors Influencing Spectator Attendance At Professional Soccer Events In Brazil, Rafael Andreis

Master's Theses

In Brazil, soccer is regarded so highly that Brazilians often refer to their country as o pais do futebol, or the country of football ("Natal Brazil", 2006). Brazil national soccer teams won five of the nineteen World Cup tournaments, a record that is so far unmatched by any other country. Brazil boasts 102 million soccer fans who attend games in the country's 300 soccer stadiums, which, combined, have more than five million seats (Helal et al., 2006; Fifa.com, 2010). However, while the importance of soccer in Brazil is unquestionable, the monetization of professional soccer in Brazil is currently far from …

Winter 2011 E-Certi Newsletter, Center For Educational Research And Teaching Innovation

CAFE Faculty Newsletters

Hello S&T instructors! Congratulations on finishing another semester. Is it possible to go from dismal teaching evaluations to becoming an award-winning teacher? Find out how Greg Hilmas did it. Also in this issue, we congratulate 50+ award-winning faculty members, hear about why Chem 1 is going to a “buffet” model in the spring, and offer resources for teaching Millennials.

Narrative Comprehension Abilities Of Children From Low-Income Families : Role Of Temperament, Attention Skills, And Cognitive Engagement., Tara N. Weatherholt

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The current study investigated narrative comprehension ability in children from low-income families by examining the contributions of temperament, attention skills, and cognitive engagement. Research has identified narrative comprehension skills as significant for successful literacy outcomes, but few studies have examined the effect of individual level characteristics on comprehension ability. As reading and pre-reading skills in children from disadvantaged homes has been shown to be lower than that of children from more privileged backgrounds, it is critical to examine the factors that contribute to comprehension skills in this population. The current study focuses on the relationships among temperament, attention network skills, …

Addressing Identity/Redressing The Museum., Sarah Guadalupe Cassidy

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This thesis paper expands upon the aspects of identity and power explored in the exhibition that I curated, entitled "Being & Making: Artists Investigating Identity," at the Speed Art Museum. The developments on topics of identity prominent in the United States in the 1980s and 1990s fundamentally changed the creation, exhibition, collection and interpretation of art. These changes related to power investigations originating from artists in marginalized groups. The change affected not just the art itself, but also the function of museums and the role they play in forming identity in contemporary visual practice. As institutions of power, art museums …

Professionalism And Social Networking: Can Patients, Physicians, Nurses, And Supervisors All Be ‘Friends’?, Joy Peluchette, Katherine Karl, Alberto Coustasse, Philip Rutsohn, Dennis Emmett

Management Faculty Research

This study examines the use of Facebook by certified nurse anesthetist students. Our results showed that, contrary to expectations, most were neutral about faculty, physicians, and supervisors viewing their Facebook profiles but expressed concerns about patients seeing such information. Many (30%) of our respondents had observed unprofessional content posted on the social network sites of their classmates including: intoxication or substance abuse, profanity, sexually suggestive photos or comments, and negative work-related comments. A vast majority indicated they would accept a ‘friend’ request from their supervisor and a physician but not a patient. Surprisingly, about 40% had initiated a ‘friend’ request …

Association Of Race And Ethnicity With Cognitive And Language Testing At 18-22 Months In Extremely Preterm Infants, Andrea Freeman Duncan

Biomedical Sciences ETDs

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship of race/ethnicity to cognitive and language scores on the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development 3rd edition (BSID-III) in extremely preterm toddlers (< 28+0 weeks estimated gestational age). Study Design: Extremely preterm toddlers at NICHD Neonatal Research Network Centers evaluated at 18-22 months adjusted age from 3 race/ethnic groups (White, Black, and Hispanic-White) were included in this cohort study. Multivariable regression modeling was used to identify race/ethnic differences adjusting for medical and psychosocial factors. Results: Children included 369 Whites, 352 Blacks and 144 Hispanic-Whites. Cognitive scores differed between groups in unadjusted analysis (p=< 0.001), but not after adjusting for medical and psychosocial factors (p=0.13). Language scores differed in adjusted and unadjusted analyses. Whites scored higher than Blacks or Hispanic-Whites, and Blacks scored higher than Hispanic- Whites. Conclusions:A combination of medical variables and primary caretaker education accounted for differences in BSID-III cognitive scores between groups. Black and Hispanic-White toddlers had lower language scores than Whites, even after adjustment. Early intervention should be targeted to these identified risk factors. Assessment of early language development among minority groups may be warranted.

Quantitative Comparison Of Late Effects Following Photon Versus Proton External-Beam Radiation Therapies: To Ward An Evidence-Based Approach To Selecting A Treatment Modality, Rui Zhang

Dissertations and Theses (Open Access)

Radiation therapy has been used as an effective treatment for malignancies in pediatric patients. However, in many cases, the side effects of radiation diminish these patients’ quality of life. In order to develop strategies to minimize radiogenic complications, one must first quantitatively estimate pediatric patients’ relative risk for radiogenic late effects, which has not become feasible till recently because of the calculational complexity. The goals of this work were to calculate the dose delivered to tissues and organs in pediatric patients during contemporary photon and proton radiotherapies; to estimate the corresponding risk of radiogenic second cancer and cardiac toxicity based …

Issue 0

The Synapse: Intercollegiate science magazine

No abstract provided.

The Short-Term Effects Of Cortisol

The Synapse: Intercollegiate science magazine

No abstract provided.

Improving Flavor Of Slo: Volunteer Engagement, Motivation, And Goal Setting In Event Planning, Kendall Ann Young

Communication Studies

No abstract provided.

Guinea Pigging In Philadelphia, Roberto Abadie

Department of Sociology: Faculty Publications

On June 16, 2001, the national press first reported the death of Ellen Roche, a healthy 24-year-old who volunteered for an asthma study at Johns Hopkins University. The story revealed that a few days into the trial she felt very sick, was discharged, and sent home. Within some hours she checked into the emergency room at a local hospital and fell into a coma. Ellen remained in this state until her death a month later. She had received $375 for participating in seven to nine sessions as an outpatient in the clinical drug study that resulted in her death.

This …

Hiring And Recruitment As Rhetorical Strategies: An Analysis Of The Way Businesses Approach Graduating University Students And Influence Their Choices, Sean D. Gibson

Communication Studies

To answer the question, which rhetorical strategies are most persuasive to university graduates regarding hiring and recruitment, I surveyed three classrooms with a questionnaire that gauged university graduates attraction to three different types of rhetorical strategies. The rhetoric came from three major businesses that recruit university graduates: College Works Painting, Peace Corps, and Hewlett Packard.

Each one of these businesses uses a different type of strategy to recruit university graduates. College Works Painting uses an Experience Illusion strategy based on the premise that the company will help train university graduates to become managers and leaders in business. Peace Corps’ uses …

But Does It Work? The Impact Of Social Media Use On Interpretive Outcomes And Place Attachments At San Francisco Bay Area Parks, Eric Knackmuhs

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Many parks are now using social media sites to connect with visitors but little is known about how effective these efforts have been. This study examined the influence of social media use on interpretive outcomes and place attachment. Visitors to four parks in the San Francisco Bay Area were surveyed twice, once as they exited the park (n = 529) and a second time via email (n = 216) six to ten weeks after visiting. In both surveys, respondents were asked how they use social media to experience parks and to what extent they experienced interpretive outcomes (intellectual and emotional …

Patternicity And Persuasion: Evolutionary Biology As A Bridge Between Economic And Narrative Analysis In The Law, James D. Ridgway

Southern Illinois University Law Journal

Although economic and narrative analyses are clearly useful in exploring legal issues, their foundations and persuasive power have not been thoroughly investigated.  Evolutionary biology can now explain how human beings instinctively approach legal problems, and what features from economic and narrative analysis are rooted in the information processing functions of the brain.  As a result, the most effective aspects of each can be synthesized into a new tool, the archetypal narratives of human interaction.  This article proposes that evolutionary biology indicates that human beings process legal arguments using three archetypal narratives: (1) the story of cooperation, which describes maximizing the …

Communication Differences Among International Nonprofit Public Relations, Emily Morelli

Journalism

This is an explorative study on the issues among communication professionals in the international nonprofit field, particularly public relations practitioners. This study will analyze data gathered from professional and peer-reviewed publications detailing the communication styles of public relations practitioners working in and with nonprofits on an international level. Information on education, culture and government were taken into account. Interviews with professionals in the international journalism and education field, international nonprofit field and international public relations field were conducted to gather further information regarding cultural, educational and governmental differences that affect the communication of public relations practitioners in international nonprofit organizations

Poly Press Association: Unifying A Department Through The Development Of A Student Organization, Jessica Tam

Journalism

The Poly Press Association is designed to help students who are enrolled in the journalism department at California Polytechnic State University in San Luis Obispo, California as they go through their academic years in the university. The goal of this project is to unite all three of the department’s concentrations – Public Relations, News Editorial, and Broadcasting – to create a more holistic environment. With the help of faculty intuition and student opinion, this student organization is centered on helping and building a stronger department.

La Patología Del Habla Y Lenguaje Bilingüe, Shannon Blike

World Languages and Cultures

This project will first review the history of Bilingual Speech-Language Pathology in the United States of America. Bilingual Speech-Language Pathology is important in our diverse country where 245 languages are spoken. After a general overview of the field, I will focus on the Spanish language because it is the second most spoken language in the U.S. according to the U.S. Census in 2010. Then, I will review different aspects of Spanish linguistics such as phonology, morphology, and semantics. The understanding of such terms is pertinent to the practice of Bilingual Speech-Language Pathology.

Bilingual Speech-Language Pathologists have many responsibilities because they …