Digital Commons Network^™

Suicide And Suicide Risk In Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, And Transgender Populations: Review And Recommendations, Ann P. Haas, Mickey Eliason, Vickie M. Mays, Robin M. Mathy, Susan D. Cochran, Anthony R. D'Augelli, Morton M. Silverman, Prudence W. Fisher, Tonda Hughes, Margaret Rosario, Stephen T. Russell, Effie Malley, Jerry Reed, David A. Litts, Ellen Haller, Randall L. Sell, Gary Remafedi, Judith Bradford, Annette L. Beautrais, Gregory K. Brown, Gary M. Diamond, Mark S. Friedman, Robert Garofalo, Mason S. Turner, Amber Hollibaugh, Paula J. Clayton

Publications and Research

Despite strong indications of elevated risk of suicidal behavior in lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender people, limited attention has been given to research, interventions or suicide prevention programs targeting these populations. This article is a culmination of a three-year effort by an expert panel to address the need for better understanding of suicidal behavior and suicide risk in sexual minority populations, and stimulate the development of needed prevention strategies, interventions and policy changes. This article summarizes existing research findings, and makes recommendations for addressing knowledge gaps and applying current knowledge to relevant areas of suicide prevention practice.

Five Key Ingredients For Improving Student Motivation, Caro C. Williams-Pierce

Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Scholarship

Motivation is probably the most important factor that educators can target in order to improve learning. Numerous cross-disciplinary theories have been postulated to explain motivation. While each of these theories has some truth, no single theory seems to adequately explain all human motivation. The fact is that human beings in general and students in particular are complex creatures with complex needs and desires. With regard to students, very little if any learning can occur unless students are motivated on a consistent basis. The five key ingredients impacting student motivation are: student, teacher, content, method/process, and environment. The focus of this …

Impact Of An Interdisciplinary Practice Laboratory On Pharmacy And Nursing Students’ Perceptions Of Health Care Roles, Celia P. Macdonnell, Anita Jackson Derreza, Mary D. Lavin, Steven A. Cohen, Lisa Cohen

College of Nursing Faculty Publications

Objectives: To evaluate healthcare students' perceptions of an introductory interprofessional exercise and their team dynamics.

Design: A workshop was developed, combining second-year medical students, fourth-year nursing students, and third-year pharmacy students to work as an interdisciplinary team. The teams alternated between working together on patient cases focusing on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma, and on the evaluation of standardized pneumonia patients. Teams were given the patients' health information and no other instructions. A faculty member and the standardized patient evaluated the students using a teamwork global rating scale.

Assessment: Student survey results showed a positive response …

Coping Style As A Mediator Of Stress Perception For Caregivers Of Children With Developmental Disabilities, Justin Wayne Peer

Wayne State University Dissertations

Past research has found that parents and primary caregivers of children with developmental disabilities experience more stress than parents with children of normal development (Cushner-Weinstein et al., 2008; Hussain & Juyal, 2007). The present study examined the influence that coping style has on the relationship between known stress influencing variables (social support, severity of child disability, life orientation) and the perception of stress for caregivers of children with developmental disabilities. Parents or primary caregivers (N = 127) whose children received mental health services from a large Community Mental Health agency in Washtenaw County, Michigan participated in the study. Participants were …

Metabolomic Profiling To Investigate Effect Of Curcumin In Lung Cancer, Arvind Goja

Wayne State University Dissertations

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths in the US, in part due to poor diagnosis. Prognosis can be improved, if detected at an early stage. The objective of this study was to use the metabolomic approach to investigate early potential biomarkers for lung cancer. Golden Syrian hamsters were randomized into two groups (treatment and control). Lung cancer was induced in treatment group by a chemical carcinogen, N-nitrosobis-2-(oxopropyl) amine (BOP) while the control animals were injected with saline. Urine was collected weekly throughout the study and frozen at -800 C. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectra, acquired …

Development Of Interventions Aimed At Reducing Obesity And Cardiovascular Disease Risk In A Diverse Population Of College-Age Young Adults, Janice M.W. Rueda

Wayne State University Dissertations

ABSTRACT

DEVELOPMENT OF INTERVENTIONS AIMED AT REDUCING OBESITY AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE RISK IN A DIVERSE POPULATION OF COLLEGE-AGE YOUNG ADULTS

by

JANICE MARIE WHINTER RUEDA

May 2011

Advisor: Dr. Pramod Khosla

Major: Nutrition & Food Science

Degree: Doctor of Philosophy

Obesity in the United States has increased dramatically over the past 30 years, and the country has fallen far short of the stated objective of Healthy People 2010 of reducing the prevalence of adult obesity to 15%. Among children, obesity has increased most significantly in the 12-19 year old age group. It is well established that obesity is associated with …

The Impact Of Folate Deficiency On The Base Excision Repair Pathway: Analysis Of Enzyme Coordination In Response To Dna Damage And Imbalanced Repair, Amanda Pilling

Wayne State University Dissertations

The condition of folate deficiency has been implicated in carcinogenesis, with the strongest evidence formulated in colon cancer. The role of folate in DNA repair, DNA synthesis and methylation reactions renders this nutrient an valuable target for studying the onset and progression of cancer. Using molecular techniques to determine gene and protein expression, enzyme activity and methylation status elucidates the mechanism of DNA repair and damage in folic acid deficient animals in response to carcinogen. The findings presented in this study indicate failure to remove and repair damage in the condition of folate deficiency and suggest that the accumulation of …

Raman Spectroscopy For The Microbiological Characterization And Identification Of Medically Relevant Bacteria, Khozima Mahmoud Hamasha

Wayne State University Dissertations

The detection and identification of pathogenic bacteria has become more important than ever due to the increase of potential bioterrorism threats and the high mortality rate of bacterial infections worldwide. Raman spectroscopy has recently gained popularity as an attractive robust approach for the molecular characterization, rapid identification, and accurate classification of a wide range of bacteria.

In this dissertation, Raman spectroscopy utilizing advanced statistical techniques was used to identify and discriminate between different pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacterial strains of E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacterial species by probing the molecular compositions of the cells.

The five-carbon sugar xylitol, which cannot …

Base Excision Repair, Folate Deficiency And Cancer, Archana Unnikrishnan

Wayne State University Dissertations

Folate, an essential water soluble vitamin has been implicated in the etiology of many types of cancer especially colorectal cancer. Folate deficiency has been reported to incapacitate DNA repair pathways and thereby affect the genomic stability. Our lab has reported previously and here again through this research that folate deficiency affects the DNA damage inducibility of base excision repair pathway. Our study shows the differential effect folate deficiency has on the expression of the genes involved in this pathway. Further, our study shows the increase in preneoplastic lesions in the colon of mice exposed to folate deficiency in response to …

Assessment Of Health Literacy As A Part Of A University Medication Therapy Management Program For Patients With Chronic Conditions, Jason T. Range

Wayne State University Dissertations

The role of pharmacists in the U.S. continues to evolve. Pharmacists are now being trained to be drug information specialists and medication counselors. More than ever, pharmacists are helping patients with chronic conditions manage their diseases through the use of medication therapy management programs. As a part of these programs, it is important that pharmacists are aware of what affect their patients' health literacy level may have on health outcomes.

The purpose of this study was to examine the extent to which health literacy was associated with different demographic factors and the extent to which health literacy was associated with …

A Cross-National Examination Of Body Image And Media Exposure Comparisons Between Jordanian And American Women, Kaitlyn Baptista

Undergraduate Review

Body image, defined by Cash and Pruzinsky (2002), as “the multifaceted psychological experience of embodiment,” is a combination of attitudes, thoughts, emotions, and behaviors regarding one’s body. Of particular interest to this study are the concepts of evaluation of appearance and investment in appearance. Appearance evaluation refers to one’s feelings of how attractive they consider their body to be, and how satisfied they are with their believed level of attractiveness (Cash, 2000). Appearance orientation refers to how much importance an individual places on attractiveness and how invested that individual is in appearance, often measured by grooming behaviors (Cash, 2000). Body …

Graduate Resource Manual, Graduate And Professional Student Association

GPSA Documents

No abstract provided.

Mph Principles Of Public Health: Screening Assessment For Matriculating Mph Students, Jonathan Eldredge

Principles of Public Health 2010-2017

No abstract provided.

Children's Mercy Hospital Annual Report 2010, Children's Mercy Hospital

Children's Mercy Annual Reports

Annual report for The Children's Mercy Hospital in Kansas City MO, a pediatric medical center.

Complete Genome Sequence Of Lactobacillus Buchneri Nrrl B-30929, A Novel Strain From A Commercial Ethanol Plant, Siqing Liu, Timothy D. Leathers, Alex Copeland, Olga Chertkov, Lynne Goodwin, David A. Mills

United States Department of Energy: Publications

Lactobacillus buchneri strain NRRL B-30929 was a contaminant obtained from a commercial ethanol fermentation. This facultative anaerobe is unique because of its rapid growth on xylose and simultaneous fermentation of xylose and glucose. The strain utilizes a broad range of carbohydrate substrates and possesses a high tolerance to ethanol and other stresses, making it an attractive candidate for bioconversion of biomass substrates to various bioproducts. The genome sequence of NRRL B-30929 will provide insight into the unique properties of this lactic acid bacterium.

Modification Of Native Grasses For Biofuel Production May Increase Virus Susceptibility, Abbie C. Schrotenboer, Michael S. Allen, Carolyn M. Malmstrom

United States Department of Energy: Publications

Bioenergy production is driving modifications to native plant species for use as novel biofuel crops. Key aims are to increase crop growth rates and to enhance conversion efficiency by reducing biomass recalcitrance to digestion. However, selection for these biofuel-valuable traits has potential to compromise plant defenses and alter interactions with pests and pathogens. Insect-vectored plant viruses are of particular concern because perennial crops have potential to serve as virus reservoirs that influence regional disease dynamics. In this study, we examined relationships between growth rates and biomass recalcitrance in five switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) populations, ranging from near wild type …

Ecosystem Services Altered By Human Changes In The Nitrogen Cycle: A New Perspective For Us Decision Making, Jana E. Compton, John A. Harrison, Robin L. Dennis, Tara L. Greaver, Brian H. Hill, Stephen J. Jordan, Henry Walker, Holly V. Campbell

United States Environmental Protection Agency: Publications

Human alteration of the nitrogen (N) cycle has produced benefits for health and well-being, but excess N has altered many ecosystems and degraded air and water quality. US regulations mandate protection of the environment in terms that directly connect to ecosystem services. Here, we review the science quantifying effects of N on key ecosystem services, and compare the costs of N-related impacts or mitigation using the metric of cost per unit of N. Damage costs to the provision of clean air, reflected by impaired human respiratory health, are well characterized and fairly high (e.g. costs of ozone and particulate damages …

Maternal Influences On Epigenetic Programming Of The Developing Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis, Curtis E. Grace, Sung-Je Kim, John M. Rogers

United States Environmental Protection Agency: Publications

Parental and environmental factors during the prenatal and postnatal periods permanently affect the physiology and metabolism of offspring, potentially increasing disease risk later in life. Underlying mechanisms are being elucidated, and effects on a number of organs and metabolic pathways are likely involved. In this review, we consider effects on the developing hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, which may represent a common pathway for developmental programming. The focus is on prenatal and early postnatal development, during which the HPA axis may be programmed in a manner that affects health for a lifetime. Programming of the HPA axis involves, at least in part, …

Current And Future Needs For Developmental Toxicity Testing, Susan L. Makris, James H. Kim, Amy Ellis, Willem Faber, Wafa Harrouk, Joseph M. Lewis, Merle G. Paule, Jennifer Seed, Melissa Tassinari, Rochelle Tyl

United States Environmental Protection Agency: Publications

A review is presented of the use of developmental toxicity testing in the United States and international regulatory assessment of human health risks associated with exposures to pharmaceuticals (human and veterinary), chemicals (agricultural, industrial, and environmental), food additives, cosmetics, and consumer products. Developmental toxicology data are used for prioritization and screening of pharmaceuticals and chemicals, for evaluating and labeling of pharmaceuticals, and for characterizing hazards and risk of exposures to industrial and environmental chemicals. The in vivo study designs utilized in hazard characterization and dose-response assessment for developmental outcomes have not changed substantially over the past 30 years and have …

Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Activation During Pregnancy, And In Adult Nulliparous Mice, Delays The Subsequent Development Of Dmba-Induced Mammary Tumors, Tao Wang, Heather M. Gavin, Volker M. Arlt, B. Paige Lawrence, Suzanne E. Fenton, Daniel Medina, Beth A. Vorderstrasse

United States Environmental Protection Agency: Publications

2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), the prototypic ligand for the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), promotes tumor formation in some model systems. However, with regard to breast cancer, epidemiological and animal studies are inconclusive as to whether exposure increases tumor incidence or may instead be protective. We have previously reported that mice exposed to TCDD during pregnancy have impaired differentiation of mammary tissue, including decreased branching and poor development of lobuloalveolar structures. Because normal pregnancy-induced mammary differentiation may protect against subsequent neoplastic transformation, we hypothesized that TCDD-treated mice would be more susceptible to chemical carcinogenesis after parturition. To test this, mice were …

Integrating Mechanistic And Polymorphism Data To Characterize Human Genetic Susceptibility For Environmental Chemical Risk Assessment In The 21st Century, Holly M. Mortensen, Susan Y. Euling

United States Environmental Protection Agency: Publications

Response to environmental chemicals can vary widely among individuals and between population groups. In human health risk assessment, data on susceptibility can be utilized by deriving risk levels based on a study of a susceptible population and/or an uncertainty factor may be applied to account for the lack of information about susceptibility. Defining genetic susceptibility in response to environmental chemicals across human populations is an area of interest in the NAS' new paradigm of toxicity pathway-based risk assessment. Data from highthroughput/ high content (HT/HC), including -omics (e.g., genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics) technologies, have been integral to the identification and characterization …

Dramatic Shifts In Hawaiian Monk Seal Distribution Predicted From Divergent Regional Trends, Jason D. Baker, Albert L. Harting, Tracy A. Wurth, Thea C. Johanos

United States Department of Commerce: Staff Publications

Total estimated abundance of Hawaiian monk seals was just 1,161 individuals in 2008 and this number is decreasing. Most monk seals reside in the remote Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI) where the decline is approximately 4%/yr, whereas relatively fewer seals currently occupy the main Hawaiian Islands (MHI). It is widely accepted that the MHI population is increasing, although there are no formal estimates of total abundance, population growth rate or vital rates. This lack of information has hampered efforts to anticipate future scenarios and plan conservation measures. We present the first estimates of MHI monk seal survival and age-specific reproductive rates. …

Comparative Metabolic Rates Of Common Western North Atlantic Ocean Sciaenid Fishes, A. Z. Horodysky, R. W. Brill, P. G. Bushnell, J. A. Musick, R. J. Latour

United States Department of Commerce: Staff Publications

The resting metabolic rates (RR) of western North Atlantic Ocean sciaenids, such as Atlantic croaker Micropogonias undulatus, spot Leiostomus xanthurus and kingfishes Menticirrhus spp., as well as the active metabolic rates (R_A) of M. undulatus and L. xanthurus were investigated to facilitate inter and intraspecific comparisons of their energetic ecology. The R_R of M. undulatus and L. xanthurus were typical for fishes with similar lifestyles. The R_R of Menticirrhus spp. were elevated relative to those of M. undulatus and L. xanthurus, but below those of high-energy-demand species such as tunas Thunnus spp. …

Lipid Class Dynamics And Storage Depots In Juvenile Weakfish Cynoscion Regalis And Their Application To Condition Assessment, S. Y. Litvin, V. G. Guida, M. P. Weinstein

United States Department of Commerce: Staff Publications

Lipid class dynamics, the pattern of change in the primary form and location of lipid stores and their relationship with standard length (L_S), were investigated in collections of young-of-the-year weakfish Cynoscion regalis for the purpose of determining the utility of this analysis as an indication of condition. The separation of total lipids into individual classes and the analysis of potential storage depots revealed the general patterns of lipid class dynamics and energy storage in C. regalis during their period of juvenile estuarine residency. Phospholipid and cholesterol exhibited moderate but variable (8·1–40·0 and 1·3–21·5 mg g⁻¹, respectively) …

Ontogenetic Dietary Information Of The California Sea Lion (Zalophus Californianus) Assessed Using Stable Isotope Analysis, Anthony J. Orr, Seth D. Newsome, Jeffrey L. Laake, Glenn R. Vanblaricom, Robert L. Delong

United States Department of Commerce: Staff Publications

We used stable carbon (δ¹³C) and nitrogen (δ¹⁵N) isotopes to examine ontogenetic dietary changes in 289 California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) at San Miguel Island, California during 2004–2007. Tissues analyzed included fur, red blood cells, plasma, and serum. For all tissues, pups had higher δ¹⁵N values and lower δ¹³C values compared to adults, which indicated that pups were feeding higher trophically than older conspecifics and on a lipid-rich milk diet prior to weaning. Yearling δ¹⁵N values were slightly lower than pup or nearly indistinguishable from adult values depending …

Acr Appropriateness Criteria® On Cerebrovascular Disease, Robert L. Delapaz, Franz J. Wippold Ii, Rebecca S. Cornelius, Sepideh Amin-Hanjani, Edgardo J. Angtuaco, Daniel F. Broderick, Douglas C. Brown, Jeffrey L. Creasy, Patricia C. Davis, Charles F. Garvin, Brian L. Hoh, Charles T. Mcconnell Jr, Laszlo L. Mechtler, David J. Seidenwurm, James G. Smirniotopoulos, Paul J. Tobben, Alan D. Waxman, Greg J. Zipfel

Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences

Stroke is the sudden onset of focal neurologic symptoms due to ischemia or hemorrhage in the brain. Current FDA-approved clinical treatment of acute ischemic stroke involves the use of the intravenous thrombolytic agent recombinant tissue plasminogen activator given >3 hours after symptom onset, following the exclusion of intracerebral hemorrhage by a noncontrast CT scan. Advanced MRI, CT, and other techniques may confirm the stroke diagnosis and subtype, demonstrate lesion location, identify vascular occlusion, and guide other management decisions but, within the first 3 hours after ictus, should not delay or be used to withhold recombinant tissue plasminogen activator therapy after …

Selenium In Birds, Harry M. Ohlendorf, Gary H. Heinz

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

Selenium (Se) is a metalloid trace element that birds and other wildlife need in small amounts for good health. The main purpose of this chapter is to interpret tissue concentrations of Se. However, because food is the main source of Se accumulation for birds and other wildlife, and because dietary concentrations for effects on bird reproduction have been reported, we also provide interpretive information on Se in the diet.

Se deficiencies in domestic poultry and livestock occur in some parts of the world and must be corrected by additions of Se to the diet. However, the range of dietary concentrations …

Worksite Wellness: An Administrative Perspective, Neha Kumar

Master of Public Health Program Student Publications

Objective: To develop a better understanding of businesses’ goals and purpose for offering worksite wellness opportunities and the level of administrative support for worksite wellness programs.

Method: Human resource directors, benefit managers, or other administrators of 76 businesses that have contracted with Premier Community Health in the past 2 years were contacted by e-mail to complete a standardized online survey on SurveyMonkey®. The survey included questions about the businesses worksite wellness current programs and future interests. In addition, data on how often businesses have utilized each of the PCH worksite offerings over the past 2 years was collected from the …

Efficacy Of Gnrh Immunocontraception Of Wild White-Tailed Deer In New Jersey, James P. Gionfriddo, Anthony J. Denicola, Lowell A. Miller, Kathleen A. Fagerstone

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Safe and effective contraceptive agents are needed to manage overabundant populations of cervids in settings where traditional management methods such as hunting are prohibited or impractical. We used GonaCon™ Immunocontraceptive Vaccine to reduce reproduction in individual white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) on a fully fenced corporate-office campus in suburban New Jersey, USA. In July– August 2005, we captured, marked, injected, and released 47 adult females and then monitored their reproductive performance for 2 years. Thirty-two of these females each received a 1.0-mL injection of GonaCon vaccine, and 15 control females were given sham injections. Field observations of udder condition …

Student Handbook 2011-12, Dmacc

Student Handbooks

No abstract provided.